Laura Rossi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Laura Rossi
New Trends and Developments in Metrology, 2016
The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to facilitate the understanding of a specific topic... more The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to facilitate the understanding of a specific topic passing by different disciplinary perspectives. Soft metrology is the perfect example of a scientific field that needs that sort of approach. Seeking to provide a reproducible basis for qualifying and quantifying what are essentially 'soft' measurements (subject to human perception and interpretation) is a particularly challenging scientific endeavour. This chapter presents a theoretical overview of main concepts around soft metrology and, in the second instance, proposes a mathematical model for the measurement of a soft measurand through a dedicated index (IPER-influence on performance index).
The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and confi... more The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and configurations. The work was mainly developed to highlight LEDs luminaires peculiarities in internal lighting. A domestic in-lab realistic configuration have been created, in order to assess subjective evaluations of visual comfort in a controllable and reproducible way. The experiment has been performed during latest month of 2012 with the participation of 50 subjects, divided in three different age groups. Self rated visual fatigue before starting the experiment has been considered, the iris colour reported and personal home lighting habits questioned. From data analysis, that will be carried out in the next two months, we expect to find a correlation between the light distribution in the test room, the visual human behaviour (through gaze analysis and saliency maps) and the comfort perception assessed by some questionnaires. Some methodological consideration and hints will be given, consid...
This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior envir... more This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior environments. As presented in the introduction, the proposed approach recreates in laboratory a realistic working places and living-room configurations in order to study visual comfort with subjective ratings and physical measurements in a controllable and reproducible way. Hereby a subjective experiment is described, conducted at LNE with the participation 50 individuals. Four different tests are fully described reporting procedures, testing facilities and subjective results. A model for assessing visual comfort is proposed and analysed. This model considers two parameters categories: discomfort parameters (related to specific effects such as glare and flicker) and comfort parameters (referred as general visual quality). All parameters are derived from spatial and spectral distribution measurements of interior lighting conditions. Finally, the obtained results with the proposed model are pre...
16th International Congress of Metrology, 2013
This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior envir... more This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior environments. As presented in the introduction, the proposed approach recreates in laboratory a realistic working places and living-room configurations in order to study visual comfort with subjective ratings and physical measurements in a controllable and reproducible way. Hereby a subjective experiment is described, conducted at LNE with the participation 50 individuals. Four different tests are fully described reporting procedures, testing facilities and subjective results. A model for assessing visual comfort is proposed and analysed. This model considers two parameters categories: discomfort parameters (related to specific effects such as glare and flicker) and comfort parameters (referred as general visual quality). All parameters are derived from spatial and spectral distribution measurements of interior lighting conditions. Finally, the obtained results with the proposed model are presented and commented with regards to subjective rating. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 2 0 , which. permits unrestricted use, distributi and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Light and Engineering
The aim of this research is to compare the influence of two different luminous sources (incandesc... more The aim of this research is to compare the influence of two different luminous sources (incandescent light and LED light) on perceived contrast of objects in a disability glare context. About 25 subjects were involved in an experiment in order to monitor the variations in their contrast perception threshold, with and without glare sources, using a calibrated computer LCD display. In this first phase the spectral influence is investigate. Typical applications of this research results, could be road and tunnel lighting requirements on disability glare restrictions when LED sources are used.
The objective of this work is to monitor the effects of light on pupil size considering different... more The objective of this work is to monitor the effects of light on pupil size considering different type of sources and retinal images in order to isolate the effect of dimension and spectra distribution of the emitted radiations. A pupillometric system has been built, constituted by an infrared illuminator and a high-resolution camera, in order to acquire eye images and get pupil dimensions through an ad hoc designed software. From the first tests differences on pupil size due to different spectrum and shape of sources has been founded even at equal luminance of the source This study, as a basic research on measurements of photobiological effects of light, would improve the knowledge of human visual system especially for applications in lighting design like road lighting or where psychophysical effects of light are important issues.
The effect on human performance due to different kinds of noise (one stochastic noise and another... more The effect on human performance due to different kinds of noise (one stochastic noise and another carrying an informative content) is evaluated and compared to silent reference condition. The experiment involved 25 subjects (divided into two groups: age between 20 and 35 years and over 50). The influence of noise on the execution of a cognitive task (using the Stroop effect) is quantified through the measurement of three parameters: • physiological (heart rate), •operational (response time) • and psychological (questionnaires). A specific index is modelled and here described: the IPER index (index of influence on performance), permitting a direct comparison between the results of subjects in a weighted combination of all the parameters taken into account. Differences between diverse kinds of noises are highlighted and the validity of IPER experimented.
Questo articolo intende fornire un’introduzione generale al problema della misura della percezion... more Questo articolo intende fornire un’introduzione generale al problema della misura della percezione umana per quanto concerne gli eventi di tipo uditivo. Affrontare tale questione è assai complesso ed è perciò necessario affrontare l’aspetto epistemologico nel tentativo di un creare un connubio tra problematiche tipicamente filosofiche e psicologiche con la scienza delle misure. Viene fornita quindi una trattazione circa i presupposti teorici della Soft Metrology, ovvero quella neonata branca delle metrologia che si occupa di misurandi legati alla percezione e cognizione umana. A conclusione, viene descritto un esempio di questo approccio applicato all’acustica, tramite la descrizione della progettazione di un esperimento in chiave soft metrologica.
Quantify the effects of external stimuli on humans requires the synergistic effort of natural and... more Quantify the effects of external stimuli on humans requires the synergistic effort of natural and humanistic sciences going beyond metrology as commonly understood. The measurement of aspects of human perception and cognition are the objectives of Soft Metrology, defined as "the set of techniques and models that allow the objective quantification of certain properties of perception, in the domain of all five senses". The goal of this experiment is to evaluate the influence of different kinds of noises on human performance (a task that uses the Stroop effect). Discovered by J.R. Stroop (1935), it consists in the dilation of reaction time in humans: when the name of a colour is printed in a colour not denoted by the name (e.g., the word "blue" printed in red ink), naming the colour of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the colour of the ink matches the name of the colour. An influence on performance due to different kinds of noise is detect...
An experiment has been carried out on the perceived quality of a specific category of mechanical ... more An experiment has been carried out on the perceived quality of a specific category of mechanical devices – the turbo molecular vacuum pumps used in industries and laboratories – from their noise emitted during the full speed functioning and the warming up phase. The test fits with a real problem of constructors that often need to manage complaints from customers returning perfectly working pumps as their sound generates a malfunction feeling. On the total number of participants (81 subjects), two groups have been selected – expert listeners and naïve – and submitted to two tests: open questionnaire during a jury test and pairs comparison. The parameters investigated through different methods have been mainly: the annoyance, the general preference and the impression of proper operation. Data analysis considers both the influence of different investigation methodologies and the correlation with classical parameters of psychoacoustics. Different models of turbo molecular vacuum pumps h...
It's well known that sound and noise have influence on humans, in terms of enjoyment, annoyance o... more It's well known that sound and noise have influence on humans, in terms of enjoyment, annoyance or damage. It's particularly interesting to quantify the influence of auditory stimuli when a subject is carrying out an activity that may require attention and accuracy. We designed and carried out an experiment with the purpose of judging the performance of subjects engaged in a visual task, by comparing two different environmental conditions: silence and noise. This experiment, set up in semi-anechoic room, involved 25 subjects of both sexes and aged between 22 and 75. Data analysis has been conducted in order to 1) highlight any variation in the subject's performance accuracy in the presence of disturbing noise and 2) investigate the influence of the noise on reaction time. These results were also compared with information collected by a questionnaire.
The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and confi... more The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and configurations. The work was mainly developed to highlight LEDs luminaires peculiarities in internal lighting. A domestic in-lab realistic configuration have been created, in order to assess subjective evaluations of visual comfort in a controllable and reproducible way. The experiment has been performed during latest month of 2012 with the participation of 50 subjects, divided in three different age groups. Self rated visual fatigue before starting the experiment has been considered, the iris colour reported and personal home lighting habits questioned. From data analysis, that will be carried out in the next two months, we expect to find a correlation between the light distribution in the test room, the visual human behaviour (through gaze analysis and saliency maps) and the comfort perception assessed by some questionnaires. Some methodological consideration and hints will be given, consid...
Many factors affect display legibility in cockpits. Our research aim is to calculate perceived co... more Many factors affect display legibility in cockpits. Our research aim is to calculate perceived contrast decreasing due to veiling luminance. We focus our attention on this specific aspect, scarcely considered in aeronautical field. Through the study and development of different psychophysical models of vision and the realization of simulation experiments, parameters for the ergonomic and design of safe cockpit have been quantitatively specified.
New Trends and Developments in Metrology, 2016
The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to facilitate the understanding of a specific topic... more The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to facilitate the understanding of a specific topic passing by different disciplinary perspectives. Soft metrology is the perfect example of a scientific field that needs that sort of approach. Seeking to provide a reproducible basis for qualifying and quantifying what are essentially 'soft' measurements (subject to human perception and interpretation) is a particularly challenging scientific endeavour. This chapter presents a theoretical overview of main concepts around soft metrology and, in the second instance, proposes a mathematical model for the measurement of a soft measurand through a dedicated index (IPER-influence on performance index).
The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and confi... more The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and configurations. The work was mainly developed to highlight LEDs luminaires peculiarities in internal lighting. A domestic in-lab realistic configuration have been created, in order to assess subjective evaluations of visual comfort in a controllable and reproducible way. The experiment has been performed during latest month of 2012 with the participation of 50 subjects, divided in three different age groups. Self rated visual fatigue before starting the experiment has been considered, the iris colour reported and personal home lighting habits questioned. From data analysis, that will be carried out in the next two months, we expect to find a correlation between the light distribution in the test room, the visual human behaviour (through gaze analysis and saliency maps) and the comfort perception assessed by some questionnaires. Some methodological consideration and hints will be given, consid...
This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior envir... more This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior environments. As presented in the introduction, the proposed approach recreates in laboratory a realistic working places and living-room configurations in order to study visual comfort with subjective ratings and physical measurements in a controllable and reproducible way. Hereby a subjective experiment is described, conducted at LNE with the participation 50 individuals. Four different tests are fully described reporting procedures, testing facilities and subjective results. A model for assessing visual comfort is proposed and analysed. This model considers two parameters categories: discomfort parameters (related to specific effects such as glare and flicker) and comfort parameters (referred as general visual quality). All parameters are derived from spatial and spectral distribution measurements of interior lighting conditions. Finally, the obtained results with the proposed model are pre...
16th International Congress of Metrology, 2013
This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior envir... more This article presents a study on the measurement of visual comfort of lighting for interior environments. As presented in the introduction, the proposed approach recreates in laboratory a realistic working places and living-room configurations in order to study visual comfort with subjective ratings and physical measurements in a controllable and reproducible way. Hereby a subjective experiment is described, conducted at LNE with the participation 50 individuals. Four different tests are fully described reporting procedures, testing facilities and subjective results. A model for assessing visual comfort is proposed and analysed. This model considers two parameters categories: discomfort parameters (related to specific effects such as glare and flicker) and comfort parameters (referred as general visual quality). All parameters are derived from spatial and spectral distribution measurements of interior lighting conditions. Finally, the obtained results with the proposed model are presented and commented with regards to subjective rating. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 2 0 , which. permits unrestricted use, distributi and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Light and Engineering
The aim of this research is to compare the influence of two different luminous sources (incandesc... more The aim of this research is to compare the influence of two different luminous sources (incandescent light and LED light) on perceived contrast of objects in a disability glare context. About 25 subjects were involved in an experiment in order to monitor the variations in their contrast perception threshold, with and without glare sources, using a calibrated computer LCD display. In this first phase the spectral influence is investigate. Typical applications of this research results, could be road and tunnel lighting requirements on disability glare restrictions when LED sources are used.
The objective of this work is to monitor the effects of light on pupil size considering different... more The objective of this work is to monitor the effects of light on pupil size considering different type of sources and retinal images in order to isolate the effect of dimension and spectra distribution of the emitted radiations. A pupillometric system has been built, constituted by an infrared illuminator and a high-resolution camera, in order to acquire eye images and get pupil dimensions through an ad hoc designed software. From the first tests differences on pupil size due to different spectrum and shape of sources has been founded even at equal luminance of the source This study, as a basic research on measurements of photobiological effects of light, would improve the knowledge of human visual system especially for applications in lighting design like road lighting or where psychophysical effects of light are important issues.
The effect on human performance due to different kinds of noise (one stochastic noise and another... more The effect on human performance due to different kinds of noise (one stochastic noise and another carrying an informative content) is evaluated and compared to silent reference condition. The experiment involved 25 subjects (divided into two groups: age between 20 and 35 years and over 50). The influence of noise on the execution of a cognitive task (using the Stroop effect) is quantified through the measurement of three parameters: • physiological (heart rate), •operational (response time) • and psychological (questionnaires). A specific index is modelled and here described: the IPER index (index of influence on performance), permitting a direct comparison between the results of subjects in a weighted combination of all the parameters taken into account. Differences between diverse kinds of noises are highlighted and the validity of IPER experimented.
Questo articolo intende fornire un’introduzione generale al problema della misura della percezion... more Questo articolo intende fornire un’introduzione generale al problema della misura della percezione umana per quanto concerne gli eventi di tipo uditivo. Affrontare tale questione è assai complesso ed è perciò necessario affrontare l’aspetto epistemologico nel tentativo di un creare un connubio tra problematiche tipicamente filosofiche e psicologiche con la scienza delle misure. Viene fornita quindi una trattazione circa i presupposti teorici della Soft Metrology, ovvero quella neonata branca delle metrologia che si occupa di misurandi legati alla percezione e cognizione umana. A conclusione, viene descritto un esempio di questo approccio applicato all’acustica, tramite la descrizione della progettazione di un esperimento in chiave soft metrologica.
Quantify the effects of external stimuli on humans requires the synergistic effort of natural and... more Quantify the effects of external stimuli on humans requires the synergistic effort of natural and humanistic sciences going beyond metrology as commonly understood. The measurement of aspects of human perception and cognition are the objectives of Soft Metrology, defined as "the set of techniques and models that allow the objective quantification of certain properties of perception, in the domain of all five senses". The goal of this experiment is to evaluate the influence of different kinds of noises on human performance (a task that uses the Stroop effect). Discovered by J.R. Stroop (1935), it consists in the dilation of reaction time in humans: when the name of a colour is printed in a colour not denoted by the name (e.g., the word "blue" printed in red ink), naming the colour of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the colour of the ink matches the name of the colour. An influence on performance due to different kinds of noise is detect...
An experiment has been carried out on the perceived quality of a specific category of mechanical ... more An experiment has been carried out on the perceived quality of a specific category of mechanical devices – the turbo molecular vacuum pumps used in industries and laboratories – from their noise emitted during the full speed functioning and the warming up phase. The test fits with a real problem of constructors that often need to manage complaints from customers returning perfectly working pumps as their sound generates a malfunction feeling. On the total number of participants (81 subjects), two groups have been selected – expert listeners and naïve – and submitted to two tests: open questionnaire during a jury test and pairs comparison. The parameters investigated through different methods have been mainly: the annoyance, the general preference and the impression of proper operation. Data analysis considers both the influence of different investigation methodologies and the correlation with classical parameters of psychoacoustics. Different models of turbo molecular vacuum pumps h...
It's well known that sound and noise have influence on humans, in terms of enjoyment, annoyance o... more It's well known that sound and noise have influence on humans, in terms of enjoyment, annoyance or damage. It's particularly interesting to quantify the influence of auditory stimuli when a subject is carrying out an activity that may require attention and accuracy. We designed and carried out an experiment with the purpose of judging the performance of subjects engaged in a visual task, by comparing two different environmental conditions: silence and noise. This experiment, set up in semi-anechoic room, involved 25 subjects of both sexes and aged between 22 and 75. Data analysis has been conducted in order to 1) highlight any variation in the subject's performance accuracy in the presence of disturbing noise and 2) investigate the influence of the noise on reaction time. These results were also compared with information collected by a questionnaire.
The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and confi... more The aim of this study is to characterize human visual comfort in different environments and configurations. The work was mainly developed to highlight LEDs luminaires peculiarities in internal lighting. A domestic in-lab realistic configuration have been created, in order to assess subjective evaluations of visual comfort in a controllable and reproducible way. The experiment has been performed during latest month of 2012 with the participation of 50 subjects, divided in three different age groups. Self rated visual fatigue before starting the experiment has been considered, the iris colour reported and personal home lighting habits questioned. From data analysis, that will be carried out in the next two months, we expect to find a correlation between the light distribution in the test room, the visual human behaviour (through gaze analysis and saliency maps) and the comfort perception assessed by some questionnaires. Some methodological consideration and hints will be given, consid...
Many factors affect display legibility in cockpits. Our research aim is to calculate perceived co... more Many factors affect display legibility in cockpits. Our research aim is to calculate perceived contrast decreasing due to veiling luminance. We focus our attention on this specific aspect, scarcely considered in aeronautical field. Through the study and development of different psychophysical models of vision and the realization of simulation experiments, parameters for the ergonomic and design of safe cockpit have been quantitatively specified.
The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to facilitate the understanding of a specific topic... more The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to facilitate the understanding of a specific topic passing by different disciplinary perspectives. Soft metrology is the perfect example of a scientific field that needs that sort of approach. Seeking to provide a reproducible basis for qualifying and quantifying what are essentially ‘soft’ measurements (subject to human perception and interpretation) is a particularly challenging scientific endeavour. This chapter presents a theoretical overview of main concepts around soft metrology and, in the second instance, proposes a mathematical model for the measurement of a soft measurand through a dedicated index (IPER—influence on performance index).