Laura Saldivar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Laura Saldivar
Should the precautionary principle be implemented in Europe with regard to nanomaterials? Expert interviews
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Mar 1, 2021
The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussion... more The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussions about nanotechnology and nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated whether European experts on nanotechnology governance and the management of nanomaterials (NMs) believe that more should be done to implement the precautionary principle when it comes to NMs, including why it should/should not be used and why it has/has not been adopted so far. In total, 54 relevant experts were identified using a snowball sampling methodology, and eventually 33 were interviewed. In total, 70% of the stakeholders strongly believed that the precautionary principle should be applied to manage NMs, while fewer than 1% believed that it could be applied for certain NMs and 7% had no opinion in favour of or against it. For the majority of the experts, the precautionary principle was considered fundamental for dealing with uncertain, complex, ambiguous risks, and they felt a precaution-based management and decision-making approach should be in place for controlling NMs. Arguments for why the precautionary principle has not been adopted so far for NM management were expressed, including the systematic stigmatisation of the principle as being unscientific and anti-innovation, a fear of overregulating an otherwise beneficial technology or product and diverging interests, priorities, and decision-making criteria. Based on our findings, we conclude that there is strong support among experts to strengthen the implementation of the precautionary principle in Europe when it comes to nanomaterials.
Mundo nano, Feb 4, 2018
1 En este texto se usarán indistintamente los términos nanomateriales y "nanoformas", este último... more 1 En este texto se usarán indistintamente los términos nanomateriales y "nanoformas", este último se utiliza en la enmienda al reach: Reglamento de registro, evaluación, autorización y restricción de sustancias y preparados químicos, para hacer referencia a: nanomateriales, nanobjetos, nanopartículas, nanofibras, nanotubos y nanoalambres, así como a los agregados y aglomerados de estos materiales incluyendo aquellos que exceden el tamaño de la nanoescala.
Should the precautionary principle be implemented in Europe with regard to nanomaterials? Expert interviews
Journal of Nanoparticle Research
The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussion... more The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussions about nanotechnology and nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated whether European experts on nanotechnology governance and the management of nanomaterials (NMs) believe that more should be done to implement the precautionary principle when it comes to NMs, including why it should/should not be used and why it has/has not been adopted so far. In total, 54 relevant experts were identified using a snowball sampling methodology, and eventually 33 were interviewed. In total, 70% of the stakeholders strongly believed that the precautionary principle should be applied to manage NMs, while fewer than 1% believed that it could be applied for certain NMs and 7% had no opinion in favour of or against it. For the majority of the experts, the precautionary principle was considered fundamental for dealing with uncertain, complex, ambiguous risks, and they felt a precaution-based management and decision-making approach should be in place for controlling NMs. Arguments for why the precautionary principle has not been adopted so far for NM management were expressed, including the systematic stigmatisation of the principle as being unscientific and anti-innovation, a fear of overregulating an otherwise beneficial technology or product and diverging interests, priorities, and decision-making criteria. Based on our findings, we conclude that there is strong support among experts to strengthen the implementation of the precautionary principle in Europe when it comes to nanomaterials.
To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civ... more To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civic agriculture, we conducted interviews with 32 community gardeners from 20 gardens, and with staff from 11 community gardening support non-profit organizations and government agencies. We also conducted observations in the gardens, and reviewed documents written by the gardeners and staff from 13 support organizations and agencies. In addition to sites for production of conventional and ethnic vegetables and herbs, the gardens host numerous social, educational, and cultural events, including neighborhood and church gatherings, holiday parties, children’s activities, school tours, concerts, health fairs, and voter registration drives. In some cases, the gardens also serve to promote community activism. The primary concern of gardeners is secure land tenure in the face of pressures to develop the garden sites for housing. The support organizations and agencies provide help with land tenur...
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2021
El presente texto muestra una serie de recomendaciones orientadas a garantizar la seguridad y sal... more El presente texto muestra una serie de recomendaciones orientadas a garantizar la seguridad y salud socioambiental. Se considera que estas recomendaciones deberían integrarse a una política pública en materia de nanociencia (NC) y nanotecnología (NT). En primera instancia, proponemos una introducción y una justificación del porqué en México es necesario adoptar este tipo de medidas, para, más adelante, hacer una exposición del contexto internacional que es necesario considerar. Por último, se presentan doce recomendaciones, incluyendo argumentos explicativos y algunos ejemplos de otros países.
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2018
Este trabajo constituye un modesto acercamiento y aporte al tema de la regulación de la nanotecno... more Este trabajo constituye un modesto acercamiento y aporte al tema de la regulación de la nanotecnología (nt) y nanomateriales (nm’s) o nanoformas,1 de su producción, comenzando con una revisión de distintos argumentos del porqué es necesario contar con instrumentos normativos y una breve explicación de las distintas formas en que esto puede suceder (obligatorias, voluntarias, horizontales, verticales, locales, nacionales, internacionales). Posteriormente se hace un apretado recuento de dos de los principales marcos regulatorios en la materia, el de la Comunidad Europea y el de los Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Finalmente, también se hace mención de los esfuerzos que en México se realizan en esta área.
The Agrarian Question in Guatemala
... Hannah Wittman with Laura Saldivar-Tanaka ... The western highlands, for example, were tar-ge... more ... Hannah Wittman with Laura Saldivar-Tanaka ... The western highlands, for example, were tar-geted as a priority wheat-producing area, and government programs provided high-yielding technology (hybrid seeds, fertilizers, herbicides), extension ...
Agriculture And Human Values, 2004
To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civ... more To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civic agriculture, we conducted interviews with 32 community gardeners from 20 gardens, and with staff from 11 community gardening support non-profit organizations and government agencies. We also conducted observations in the gardens, and reviewed documents written by the gardeners and staff from 13 support organizations and agencies. In addition to being sites for production of conventional and ethnic vegetables and herbs, the gardens host numerous social, educational, and cultural events, including neighborhood and church gatherings, holiday parties, children's activities, school tours, concerts, health fairs, and voter registration drives. In some cases, the gardens also serve to promote community activism. The primary concern of gardeners is to secure land tenure in the face of pressures to develop the garden sites for housing. The support organizations and agencies provide help with land tenure, as well as with advocacy, organization, and horticultural practices. Although the role of the Latino gardens in community development appears to be more important than their role in open space or agricultural production, the gardens can also be viewed as unique ''participatory landscapes'' that combine aspects of all three movements, as well as provide a connection between immigrants and their cultural heritage.
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2019
El presente artículo revisa algunos de los textos más relevantes que argumentan y opinan sobre la... more El presente artículo revisa algunos de los textos más relevantes que argumentan y opinan sobre las distintas formas voluntarias para vigilar la nanotecnología, conocidas en conjunto como regulación blanda. Así, se expone brevemente en qué consisten sus seis tipos más comunes (registros, etiquetado, códigos de conducta, sistemas de manejo de riesgo, guías y estándares técnicos) y se ejemplifica, dando especial atención a las normas técnicas. Se revisan, asimismo, los principales órganos de estandarización en materia de NT profundizando en el trabajo del Comité Técnico en Nanotecnología de la Organización Internacional de Estandarización, el ISO/TC-229. Posteriormente, se argumenta sobre la importancia de la armonización normativa en esta materia y en el trabajo del Working Programme on Manufacture Nanomaterials (WPMN) de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) y, finalmente, se revisa la discusión en torno a qué tipo de regulación es la deseable cuando se...
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2015
Este artículo presenta información obtenida de una encuesta realizada a investigadores en el área... more Este artículo presenta información obtenida de una encuesta realizada a investigadores en el área de nanotecnología con aplicaciones en el tratamiento de agua en México. Asimismo, analiza lo expresado por los participantes sobre ciertos aspectos que consideramos claves en el desarrollo de esta línea de investigación, como son: las redes de colaboración, el financiamiento, los riesgos relacionados con el uso de nanotecnología (NT) y nanoproductos (NPs) y para el tratamiento de aguas, la postura y opinión del público, y la regulación. Concluye reconociendo la importancia de este campo de investigación y recomendando se amplíe la exploración sobre los posibles efectos toxicológicos de la NPs usadas en este campo; para esto se pueden utilizar metodologías como la evaluación del ciclo de vida. Señala también la importancia de ampliar el foco de la investigación para que ésta sea, no sólo interdisciplinaria, sino multidisciplinaria e incluya aspectos éticos, legales, sociales y medioambie...
Should the precautionary principle be implemented in Europe with regard to nanomaterials? Expert interviews
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Mar 1, 2021
The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussion... more The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussions about nanotechnology and nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated whether European experts on nanotechnology governance and the management of nanomaterials (NMs) believe that more should be done to implement the precautionary principle when it comes to NMs, including why it should/should not be used and why it has/has not been adopted so far. In total, 54 relevant experts were identified using a snowball sampling methodology, and eventually 33 were interviewed. In total, 70% of the stakeholders strongly believed that the precautionary principle should be applied to manage NMs, while fewer than 1% believed that it could be applied for certain NMs and 7% had no opinion in favour of or against it. For the majority of the experts, the precautionary principle was considered fundamental for dealing with uncertain, complex, ambiguous risks, and they felt a precaution-based management and decision-making approach should be in place for controlling NMs. Arguments for why the precautionary principle has not been adopted so far for NM management were expressed, including the systematic stigmatisation of the principle as being unscientific and anti-innovation, a fear of overregulating an otherwise beneficial technology or product and diverging interests, priorities, and decision-making criteria. Based on our findings, we conclude that there is strong support among experts to strengthen the implementation of the precautionary principle in Europe when it comes to nanomaterials.
Mundo nano, Feb 4, 2018
1 En este texto se usarán indistintamente los términos nanomateriales y "nanoformas", este último... more 1 En este texto se usarán indistintamente los términos nanomateriales y "nanoformas", este último se utiliza en la enmienda al reach: Reglamento de registro, evaluación, autorización y restricción de sustancias y preparados químicos, para hacer referencia a: nanomateriales, nanobjetos, nanopartículas, nanofibras, nanotubos y nanoalambres, así como a los agregados y aglomerados de estos materiales incluyendo aquellos que exceden el tamaño de la nanoescala.
Should the precautionary principle be implemented in Europe with regard to nanomaterials? Expert interviews
Journal of Nanoparticle Research
The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussion... more The precautionary principle finds itself at the forefront of scientific and regulatory discussions about nanotechnology and nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated whether European experts on nanotechnology governance and the management of nanomaterials (NMs) believe that more should be done to implement the precautionary principle when it comes to NMs, including why it should/should not be used and why it has/has not been adopted so far. In total, 54 relevant experts were identified using a snowball sampling methodology, and eventually 33 were interviewed. In total, 70% of the stakeholders strongly believed that the precautionary principle should be applied to manage NMs, while fewer than 1% believed that it could be applied for certain NMs and 7% had no opinion in favour of or against it. For the majority of the experts, the precautionary principle was considered fundamental for dealing with uncertain, complex, ambiguous risks, and they felt a precaution-based management and decision-making approach should be in place for controlling NMs. Arguments for why the precautionary principle has not been adopted so far for NM management were expressed, including the systematic stigmatisation of the principle as being unscientific and anti-innovation, a fear of overregulating an otherwise beneficial technology or product and diverging interests, priorities, and decision-making criteria. Based on our findings, we conclude that there is strong support among experts to strengthen the implementation of the precautionary principle in Europe when it comes to nanomaterials.
To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civ... more To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civic agriculture, we conducted interviews with 32 community gardeners from 20 gardens, and with staff from 11 community gardening support non-profit organizations and government agencies. We also conducted observations in the gardens, and reviewed documents written by the gardeners and staff from 13 support organizations and agencies. In addition to sites for production of conventional and ethnic vegetables and herbs, the gardens host numerous social, educational, and cultural events, including neighborhood and church gatherings, holiday parties, children’s activities, school tours, concerts, health fairs, and voter registration drives. In some cases, the gardens also serve to promote community activism. The primary concern of gardeners is secure land tenure in the face of pressures to develop the garden sites for housing. The support organizations and agencies provide help with land tenur...
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2021
El presente texto muestra una serie de recomendaciones orientadas a garantizar la seguridad y sal... more El presente texto muestra una serie de recomendaciones orientadas a garantizar la seguridad y salud socioambiental. Se considera que estas recomendaciones deberían integrarse a una política pública en materia de nanociencia (NC) y nanotecnología (NT). En primera instancia, proponemos una introducción y una justificación del porqué en México es necesario adoptar este tipo de medidas, para, más adelante, hacer una exposición del contexto internacional que es necesario considerar. Por último, se presentan doce recomendaciones, incluyendo argumentos explicativos y algunos ejemplos de otros países.
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2018
Este trabajo constituye un modesto acercamiento y aporte al tema de la regulación de la nanotecno... more Este trabajo constituye un modesto acercamiento y aporte al tema de la regulación de la nanotecnología (nt) y nanomateriales (nm’s) o nanoformas,1 de su producción, comenzando con una revisión de distintos argumentos del porqué es necesario contar con instrumentos normativos y una breve explicación de las distintas formas en que esto puede suceder (obligatorias, voluntarias, horizontales, verticales, locales, nacionales, internacionales). Posteriormente se hace un apretado recuento de dos de los principales marcos regulatorios en la materia, el de la Comunidad Europea y el de los Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Finalmente, también se hace mención de los esfuerzos que en México se realizan en esta área.
The Agrarian Question in Guatemala
... Hannah Wittman with Laura Saldivar-Tanaka ... The western highlands, for example, were tar-ge... more ... Hannah Wittman with Laura Saldivar-Tanaka ... The western highlands, for example, were tar-geted as a priority wheat-producing area, and government programs provided high-yielding technology (hybrid seeds, fertilizers, herbicides), extension ...
Agriculture And Human Values, 2004
To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civ... more To determine the role Latino community gardens play in community development, open space, and civic agriculture, we conducted interviews with 32 community gardeners from 20 gardens, and with staff from 11 community gardening support non-profit organizations and government agencies. We also conducted observations in the gardens, and reviewed documents written by the gardeners and staff from 13 support organizations and agencies. In addition to being sites for production of conventional and ethnic vegetables and herbs, the gardens host numerous social, educational, and cultural events, including neighborhood and church gatherings, holiday parties, children's activities, school tours, concerts, health fairs, and voter registration drives. In some cases, the gardens also serve to promote community activism. The primary concern of gardeners is to secure land tenure in the face of pressures to develop the garden sites for housing. The support organizations and agencies provide help with land tenure, as well as with advocacy, organization, and horticultural practices. Although the role of the Latino gardens in community development appears to be more important than their role in open space or agricultural production, the gardens can also be viewed as unique ''participatory landscapes'' that combine aspects of all three movements, as well as provide a connection between immigrants and their cultural heritage.
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2019
El presente artículo revisa algunos de los textos más relevantes que argumentan y opinan sobre la... more El presente artículo revisa algunos de los textos más relevantes que argumentan y opinan sobre las distintas formas voluntarias para vigilar la nanotecnología, conocidas en conjunto como regulación blanda. Así, se expone brevemente en qué consisten sus seis tipos más comunes (registros, etiquetado, códigos de conducta, sistemas de manejo de riesgo, guías y estándares técnicos) y se ejemplifica, dando especial atención a las normas técnicas. Se revisan, asimismo, los principales órganos de estandarización en materia de NT profundizando en el trabajo del Comité Técnico en Nanotecnología de la Organización Internacional de Estandarización, el ISO/TC-229. Posteriormente, se argumenta sobre la importancia de la armonización normativa en esta materia y en el trabajo del Working Programme on Manufacture Nanomaterials (WPMN) de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) y, finalmente, se revisa la discusión en torno a qué tipo de regulación es la deseable cuando se...
Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, 2015
Este artículo presenta información obtenida de una encuesta realizada a investigadores en el área... more Este artículo presenta información obtenida de una encuesta realizada a investigadores en el área de nanotecnología con aplicaciones en el tratamiento de agua en México. Asimismo, analiza lo expresado por los participantes sobre ciertos aspectos que consideramos claves en el desarrollo de esta línea de investigación, como son: las redes de colaboración, el financiamiento, los riesgos relacionados con el uso de nanotecnología (NT) y nanoproductos (NPs) y para el tratamiento de aguas, la postura y opinión del público, y la regulación. Concluye reconociendo la importancia de este campo de investigación y recomendando se amplíe la exploración sobre los posibles efectos toxicológicos de la NPs usadas en este campo; para esto se pueden utilizar metodologías como la evaluación del ciclo de vida. Señala también la importancia de ampliar el foco de la investigación para que ésta sea, no sólo interdisciplinaria, sino multidisciplinaria e incluya aspectos éticos, legales, sociales y medioambie...