Lauren Clatch - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Lauren Clatch

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. 2021. Major: Psychology. Advisors: Eugene Borgida, Ma... more University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. 2021. Major: Psychology. Advisors: Eugene Borgida, Mark Snyder. 1 computer file (PDF); 381 pages.Discounting scholars have studied decisions about monetary rewards, or gains, and found that the probability and delay of the receipt of those gains influence their subjective value. Plea-bargain decisions inherently contain the features of probability and delay in the decision context: Trial’s outcome is uncertain while the plea offer’s outcome is certain, and trial is delayed while the plea offer is relatively immediate. This dissertation’s four studies apply discounting paradigms to plea-bargain decision-making and find that probability of trial conviction and delay until trial influence decision-making. Additionally, Studies 3 and 4 highlight how other situational features, Factual Innocence and Attorney Advice, influence plea decisions. Overall, the person-by-situation approach from personality and social psychology adopted by this dissert...

Albany law review, 2020

is a candidate for a joint degree in law (J.D.) and social psychology (Ph.D.) at the University o... more is a candidate for a joint degree in law (J.D.) and social psychology (Ph.D.) at the University of Minnesota.

Supplemental material, Supp_Materials.5.1.20 for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Pref... more Supplemental material, Supp_Materials.5.1.20 for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Preferences for Non-Monetary Losses by Lauren Clatch and Eugene Borgida in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Supplemental material, Clatch_Online_Appendix for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Pre... more Supplemental material, Clatch_Online_Appendix for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Preferences for Non-Monetary Losses by Lauren Clatch and Eugene Borgida in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2020

Judgment and decision-making research on discounting suggests that when humans are thinking about... more Judgment and decision-making research on discounting suggests that when humans are thinking about gains, they tend to prefer certain and immediate outcomes to uncertain and delayed outcomes. However, discounting has been studied primarily using monetary commodities and, until recently, by testing one feature of the binary forced-choice task at a time: delay, probability, or amount of money received/lost. The present research is the first test of a dual discounting task that combines probability and delay into a single, binary forced-choice task in a non-monetary loss context. The key findings, based on three studies, suggest that delay and probability discounting play a significant role in decisions including non-monetary loss commodities like plea bargaining. Future work should explore the boundary conditions of dual discounting based not only on the nature of the binary choice (probability and delay) but also on the nature of the commodity (amount, valence, and quantifiability).

Phillip Bivens, accused of raping and killing a woman in Mississippi in 1979, was confronted with... more Phillip Bivens, accused of raping and killing a woman in Mississippi in 1979, was confronted with this choice: take the bargain of life in prison, or go to trial and face the death penalty.2 After three decades in prison, Bivens was exonerated in 2010 by DNA tests conducted by the Innocence Project in New Orleans.3 Why would Bivens, who was factually innocent, plead guilty to a crime he did not commit and forgo his constitutional right to a trial? How can this be explained? Bivens’s choice may be deemed rational because his choice was between life, albeit life in prison, and death. But what about defendants confronted with life in prison or twenty years in prison—why would an innocent defendant plead guilty then?

From the Washington University Senior Honors Thesis Abstracts (WUSHTA), Volume 5, Spring 2013. Pu... more From the Washington University Senior Honors Thesis Abstracts (WUSHTA), Volume 5, Spring 2013. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research. Joy Zalis Kiefer, Director of Undergraduate Research / Assistant Dean in the College of Arts & Sciences; E. Holly Tasker, Editor; Kristin Sobotka, Undergraduate Research Coordinator. Mentor: Sandy Hal

Review of Law & Economics, 2021

Legal scholars have long assumed that plea bargains are contracts negotiated between rational act... more Legal scholars have long assumed that plea bargains are contracts negotiated between rational actors who adhere to the dictates of the normative shadow-of-trial model. The two key features that rational actors presumably haggle over in the shadow of trial are the criminal charge (and associated sentence) and the probability of trial conviction. The behavioral economics theory of discounting, however, offers a theoretical foundation for testing the shadow-of-trial model. This article summarizes findings from experimental discounting studies in behavioral economics and psychological science – showing that these paradigms can be successfully applied to the plea-bargaining decision context wherein the likelihood of trial is uncertain and delayed, and the plea bargain is relatively certain and immediate. We suggest that the implications of applying discounting to plea bargaining are three-fold: (1) empirical evidence suggests that the shadow-of-trial model is too narrow; (2) the discount...

Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2020

The law applicable to genomics in the United States is currently in transition and under debate. ... more The law applicable to genomics in the United States is currently in transition and under debate. The rapid evolution of the science, burgeoning clinical research, and growing clinical application pose serious challenges for federal and state law. Although there has been some empirical work in this area, this is the first paper to survey and interview key scientific and legal stakeholders in the field of genomics to help ground identification of the most important legal problems that must be solved to successfully integrate genomics into clinical care. The respondents in this study identified a wide range of interconnected issues, focusing specifically on the need for clear guidelines about how to use these data, fear of liability for those who use these data, and the need to protect patients from use of this information particularly by insurers, while endorsing data sharing. Developing legal strategies to support appropriate use of genomics now and in the future clearly will require...

Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 2018

Rosinski, Weiss, and Clatch | Childhood Adverse Events and Adult Health would have lower physical... more Rosinski, Weiss, and Clatch | Childhood Adverse Events and Adult Health would have lower physical and mental health scores as compared to participants who reported not experiencing any form of adulthood adverse events. Method Procedure This study employed an archival analysis to examine the long-term effects of childhood adverse events on adult physical and mental health while accounting for several potential confounding variables,

Annual Review of Psychology

Contemporary inquiries in psychology and law increasingly cross disciplinary boundaries for inspi... more Contemporary inquiries in psychology and law increasingly cross disciplinary boundaries for inspiration. Our focus is on whether such research is substantive in both directions and whether interdisciplinary psychology-and-law author teams produce more meaningful interdisciplinary work, specifically in decision-making research conducted between 2004 and 2017. We found that interdisciplinary psychology-and-law author teams ( a) produce publications that show more cross-disciplinary integration in methods than single-discipline teams, ( b) produce publications with more conceptual integration in the introduction and discussion than only law author teams, and ( c) elicit more citations than only law or only psychology author teams. When considering a collaborative team approach, we suggest that the disciplinary background of the collaborators is a meaningful indicator of the type of interdisciplinary research to be conducted. We also suggest that it would be beneficial for both psycholo...

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. 2021. Major: Psychology. Advisors: Eugene Borgida, Ma... more University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. 2021. Major: Psychology. Advisors: Eugene Borgida, Mark Snyder. 1 computer file (PDF); 381 pages.Discounting scholars have studied decisions about monetary rewards, or gains, and found that the probability and delay of the receipt of those gains influence their subjective value. Plea-bargain decisions inherently contain the features of probability and delay in the decision context: Trial’s outcome is uncertain while the plea offer’s outcome is certain, and trial is delayed while the plea offer is relatively immediate. This dissertation’s four studies apply discounting paradigms to plea-bargain decision-making and find that probability of trial conviction and delay until trial influence decision-making. Additionally, Studies 3 and 4 highlight how other situational features, Factual Innocence and Attorney Advice, influence plea decisions. Overall, the person-by-situation approach from personality and social psychology adopted by this dissert...

Albany law review, 2020

is a candidate for a joint degree in law (J.D.) and social psychology (Ph.D.) at the University o... more is a candidate for a joint degree in law (J.D.) and social psychology (Ph.D.) at the University of Minnesota.

Supplemental material, Supp_Materials.5.1.20 for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Pref... more Supplemental material, Supp_Materials.5.1.20 for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Preferences for Non-Monetary Losses by Lauren Clatch and Eugene Borgida in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Supplemental material, Clatch_Online_Appendix for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Pre... more Supplemental material, Clatch_Online_Appendix for Plea Bargaining: A Test of Dual Discounting Preferences for Non-Monetary Losses by Lauren Clatch and Eugene Borgida in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2020

Judgment and decision-making research on discounting suggests that when humans are thinking about... more Judgment and decision-making research on discounting suggests that when humans are thinking about gains, they tend to prefer certain and immediate outcomes to uncertain and delayed outcomes. However, discounting has been studied primarily using monetary commodities and, until recently, by testing one feature of the binary forced-choice task at a time: delay, probability, or amount of money received/lost. The present research is the first test of a dual discounting task that combines probability and delay into a single, binary forced-choice task in a non-monetary loss context. The key findings, based on three studies, suggest that delay and probability discounting play a significant role in decisions including non-monetary loss commodities like plea bargaining. Future work should explore the boundary conditions of dual discounting based not only on the nature of the binary choice (probability and delay) but also on the nature of the commodity (amount, valence, and quantifiability).

Phillip Bivens, accused of raping and killing a woman in Mississippi in 1979, was confronted with... more Phillip Bivens, accused of raping and killing a woman in Mississippi in 1979, was confronted with this choice: take the bargain of life in prison, or go to trial and face the death penalty.2 After three decades in prison, Bivens was exonerated in 2010 by DNA tests conducted by the Innocence Project in New Orleans.3 Why would Bivens, who was factually innocent, plead guilty to a crime he did not commit and forgo his constitutional right to a trial? How can this be explained? Bivens’s choice may be deemed rational because his choice was between life, albeit life in prison, and death. But what about defendants confronted with life in prison or twenty years in prison—why would an innocent defendant plead guilty then?

From the Washington University Senior Honors Thesis Abstracts (WUSHTA), Volume 5, Spring 2013. Pu... more From the Washington University Senior Honors Thesis Abstracts (WUSHTA), Volume 5, Spring 2013. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research. Joy Zalis Kiefer, Director of Undergraduate Research / Assistant Dean in the College of Arts & Sciences; E. Holly Tasker, Editor; Kristin Sobotka, Undergraduate Research Coordinator. Mentor: Sandy Hal

Review of Law & Economics, 2021

Legal scholars have long assumed that plea bargains are contracts negotiated between rational act... more Legal scholars have long assumed that plea bargains are contracts negotiated between rational actors who adhere to the dictates of the normative shadow-of-trial model. The two key features that rational actors presumably haggle over in the shadow of trial are the criminal charge (and associated sentence) and the probability of trial conviction. The behavioral economics theory of discounting, however, offers a theoretical foundation for testing the shadow-of-trial model. This article summarizes findings from experimental discounting studies in behavioral economics and psychological science – showing that these paradigms can be successfully applied to the plea-bargaining decision context wherein the likelihood of trial is uncertain and delayed, and the plea bargain is relatively certain and immediate. We suggest that the implications of applying discounting to plea bargaining are three-fold: (1) empirical evidence suggests that the shadow-of-trial model is too narrow; (2) the discount...

Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2020

The law applicable to genomics in the United States is currently in transition and under debate. ... more The law applicable to genomics in the United States is currently in transition and under debate. The rapid evolution of the science, burgeoning clinical research, and growing clinical application pose serious challenges for federal and state law. Although there has been some empirical work in this area, this is the first paper to survey and interview key scientific and legal stakeholders in the field of genomics to help ground identification of the most important legal problems that must be solved to successfully integrate genomics into clinical care. The respondents in this study identified a wide range of interconnected issues, focusing specifically on the need for clear guidelines about how to use these data, fear of liability for those who use these data, and the need to protect patients from use of this information particularly by insurers, while endorsing data sharing. Developing legal strategies to support appropriate use of genomics now and in the future clearly will require...

Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 2018

Rosinski, Weiss, and Clatch | Childhood Adverse Events and Adult Health would have lower physical... more Rosinski, Weiss, and Clatch | Childhood Adverse Events and Adult Health would have lower physical and mental health scores as compared to participants who reported not experiencing any form of adulthood adverse events. Method Procedure This study employed an archival analysis to examine the long-term effects of childhood adverse events on adult physical and mental health while accounting for several potential confounding variables,

Annual Review of Psychology

Contemporary inquiries in psychology and law increasingly cross disciplinary boundaries for inspi... more Contemporary inquiries in psychology and law increasingly cross disciplinary boundaries for inspiration. Our focus is on whether such research is substantive in both directions and whether interdisciplinary psychology-and-law author teams produce more meaningful interdisciplinary work, specifically in decision-making research conducted between 2004 and 2017. We found that interdisciplinary psychology-and-law author teams ( a) produce publications that show more cross-disciplinary integration in methods than single-discipline teams, ( b) produce publications with more conceptual integration in the introduction and discussion than only law author teams, and ( c) elicit more citations than only law or only psychology author teams. When considering a collaborative team approach, we suggest that the disciplinary background of the collaborators is a meaningful indicator of the type of interdisciplinary research to be conducted. We also suggest that it would be beneficial for both psycholo...