Laurent Ferradini - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Laurent Ferradini

Research paper thumbnail of Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment

The Lancet, 2006

Background The recording of outcomes from large-scale, simplifi ed HAART (highly active antiretro... more Background The recording of outcomes from large-scale, simplifi ed HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa is critical. We aimed to assess the eff ectiveness of such a programme held by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in the Chiradzulu district, Malawi.

Research paper thumbnail of Rearrangement-Enhancing Element Upstream of the Mouse Immunoglobulin Kappa Chain J Cluster

Science, 1996

Transfecton k~t (Pharmngen) In each case the recombnant extracellular vrils (rECV) was purlfled b... more Transfecton k~t (Pharmngen) In each case the recombnant extracellular vrils (rECV) was purlfled by a I t n t n g dluton dot-blot hybr~d~zaton procedure (16) The cells were Infected at 80% confluence w~t h rECV at a m u t~p l c~t y of lnfect~on of 10 and hawested typlcay 72 hours after ~nfect~on. For purlf~caton of recombinant GST-a,, frozen cell pellets were thawed and resuspended In HMDN buffer 120 mM Hepes (pH 7.41, 5 mM MgCI,, 1 mM d~th~othre~tol (DTij, and 100 mM NaCI] contanng Tr~ton X-100 (l?dj or cholate (l?bj and the protease lnhlb~tors aprot~nln and leupept~n. Cells were ysed by sonca-t~o n on Ice, the lysates were centr~fuged at 40,000g, and sedmented materal was d~scarded. The soluble GST fus~on protelns were purlfled by gutathoneagarose aff~n~ty chromatography Purlfled protelns were d~alysed aganst HMDN buffer (pH 7.11) before use In assays. The protease thrombln was used (at a fuson prote1n:protease ratlo of 5 0 : I ) to separate the GST and o, protens by cutt~ng at a thrombn recogn t o n s~te Dgeston was done In HMDN buffer supplemented w~t h 2.5 mM CaCI, at 11°C for 3 hoi~i-s L~berated GST subun~ts and und~gested GST-a, were removed by gutathone-agarose affnty chromatography to y~eld purlfled vd~ld-type a, and aTE203A. 8. C. Van Dop e t a / . J. Bioi. Chem. 259, 23 (I 9811) 9. T H~gashljllna et a/., /bid. 262, 752 (1 987) 10. T. H~gashjma, K. M. Ferguson, M. D. Smgel, A. G G~lman, ibid. p. 757 11. W J. Ph~ll~ps and R A. Cer~one, /bid 263, 15498 (1 988) 12 P. M. Guy, J. G Koand, R. A Cerone, Siochemist~y 29, 6954 (1 990). 13 R. M t t a etal., unp~rbslied results. 14 H. M Rar~ck, (1991). 17 The GTPase actvit~es of retnal o, and the recomblnant u , subun~ts were measured as descr~bed Briefly, the nd~v~dual protelns (100 nM n , . 100 nM retnal py, ) and phosphat~dylchone vescles contan-~n g rhodopsn (12) were assayed for 10 lnln In a total volume of 200 p at rooln temperature. The reactons were done ~n 20 mM sod~um Hepes (pH 7.41, 5 mM MgCI,, 1 m M DTT, and 100 mM NaCI and were n~tiated by the addton of GTP and [y-i2P]GTP to a fnal concentration of 1 kM. After 10 m n , the reactons were quenched by the add~ton of 5 ml of 10% amlnonum molybdate solut~on. The [y-3iP]P, released upon GTP hydroyss was extracted by the addt~on of 5 lnl of a 1 :1 mixture of sobutanol and benzene and quant~tated by q u~d sc~ntlilat~on count~ng. Background hydrolys~s of GTP was lneasured by quantl-tat~ng P release by rhodops~n-conta~nng p~d vesicles and pyT w~thout added oT-GDP, or by lneasurlng the GTPase actv~ty by a,-GDPvdth py, In the absence of rhodops~n-conta~nng p~d vescles.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence Study of Yaws in the Democratic Republic of Congo Using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Method

Research paper thumbnail of High efficacy of lopinavir/r-based second-line antiretroviral treatment after 24 months of follow up at ESTHER/Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2011

Background: The number of patients on second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) re... more Background: The number of patients on second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens is increasing in resource-limited settings. We describe the outcomes after 24 months for patients on LPV/r-based second-line regimens followed up by the ESTHER programme in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Research paper thumbnail of No association between human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of HIV-1 Genetic Diversity on Plasma HIV-1 RNA Quantification

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2007

The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 has a major impact on the quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA,... more The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 has a major impact on the quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA, representing an increasingly difficult challenge. A total of 898 plasma specimens positive for HIV-1 RNA by commercial assays (Amplicor v1.5; Roche Diagnostic Systems, Alameda, CA or Versant v3.0; Bayer Diagnostics, Emeryville, CA) were tested using the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA second-generation (G2) real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test: 518 samples containing HIV-1 of known subtype, including 88 from 2 subtype panels and 430 harboring B (n = 266) and non-B (n = 164) group M HIV-1 subtypes from patients followed up in 2002 through 2005 at Necker Hospital (Paris, France), and 380 samples from 10 different countries (Argentina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, France, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Morocco, Thailand, and Zimbabwe). HIV-1 RNA values obtained by G2 real-time PCR were highly correlated with those obtained by the Amplicor v1.5 for B and non-B subtypes (R = 0.892 and 0.892, respectively) and for samples from diverse countries (R = 0.867 and 0.893 for real-time PCR vs. Amplicor v1.5 and real-time PCR vs. Versant v3.0, respectively). Approximately 30% of specimens harboring non-B subtypes were underquantified by at least -0.51 log10 in Amplicor v1.5 versus 5% underquantified in G2 real-time PCR. Discrepant results were also obtained with subtype B samples (14% underquantified by Amplicor v1.5 vs. 7% by G2 real-time PCR). Similar percentages were observed when comparing results obtained with the G2 real-time PCR assay with those obtained using the Versant assay. Addressing HIV-1 diversity, continual monitoring of HIV-1 RNA assays, together with molecular epidemiology studies, is required to improve the accuracy of all HIV RNA assays.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Outcome of Cytomegalovirus Replication in Serum of Cambodian HIV-Infected Patients (2004-2007)

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Weight gain at 3 months of antiretroviral therapy is strongly associated with survival: evidence from two developing countries

AIDS, 2009

Background: In developing countries, access to laboratory tests remains limited, and the use of s... more Background: In developing countries, access to laboratory tests remains limited, and the use of simple tools such as weight to monitor HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy should be evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Tuberculosis after HAART initiation in HIV-positive patients from five countries with a high tuberculosis burden

AIDS, 2006

Background: HAART reduces tuberculosis (TB) incidence in people living with HIV/ AIDS but those s... more Background: HAART reduces tuberculosis (TB) incidence in people living with HIV/ AIDS but those starting HAART may develop active TB or subclinical TB may become apparent in the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Research paper thumbnail of Positive outcomes of HAART at 24 months in HIV-infected patients in Cambodia

AIDS, 2007

Objectives: African and Asian cohort studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of HA... more Objectives: African and Asian cohort studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of HAART in resource-poor settings. The long-term virological outcome and clinico-immunological criteria of success remain important questions. We report the outcomes at 24 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients treated in a Médecins Sans Frontières/Ministry of Health programme in Cambodia.

Research paper thumbnail of Generic fixed-dose combination antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor settings: multicentric observational cohort

AIDS, 2006

on behalf of Médecins Sans Frontieres Background: The use fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a criti... more on behalf of Médecins Sans Frontieres Background: The use fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a critical tool in improving HAART. Studies on the effectiveness of combined lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine (3TC/d4T/NVP) are scarce. Objective: To analyse 6861 patients in a large observational cohort from 21 Médecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) HIV/AIDS programmes taking 3TC/d4T/NVP, with subcohort analyses of patients at 12 and 18 months of treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Response to highly active antiretroviral therapy among severely immuno-compromised HIV-infected patients in Cambodia

AIDS, 2007

Background: HAART efficacy was evaluated in a real-life setting in Phnom Penh (Médecins Sans Fron... more Background: HAART efficacy was evaluated in a real-life setting in Phnom Penh (Médecins Sans Frontières programme) among severely immuno-compromised patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Achieving universal access and moving towards elimination of new HIV infections in Cambodia

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2014

Introduction: In the mid-1990s, Cambodia faced one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Asia. ... more Introduction: In the mid-1990s, Cambodia faced one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Asia. For its achievement in reversing this trend, and achieving universal access to HIV treatment, the country received a United Nations millennium development goal award in 2010. This article reviews Cambodia's response to HIV over the past two decades and discusses its current efforts towards elimination of new HIV infections. Methods: A literature review of published and unpublished documents, including programme data and presentations, was conducted. Results and discussion: Cambodia classifies its response to one of the most serious HIV epidemics in Asia into three phases. In Phase I (1991Á2000), when adult HIV prevalence peaked at 1.7% and incidence exceeded 20,000 cases, a nationwide HIV prevention programme targeted brothel-based sex work. Voluntary confidential counselling and testing and home-based care were introduced, and peer support groups of people living with HIV emerged. Phase II (2001Á2011) observed a steady decline in adult prevalence to 0.8% and incidence to 1600 cases by 2011, and was characterized by: expanding antiretroviral treatment (coverage reaching more than 80%) and continuum of care; linking with tuberculosis and maternal and child health services; accelerated prevention among key populations, including entertainment establishment-based sex workers, men having sex with men, transgender persons, and people who inject drugs; engagement of health workers to deliver quality services; and strengthening health service delivery systems. The third phase (2012Á2020) aims to attain zero new infections by 2020 through: sharpening responses to key populations at higher risk; maximizing access to community and facility-based testing and retention in prevention and care; and accelerating the transition from vertical approaches to linked/integrated approaches. Conclusions: Cambodia has tailored its prevention strategy to its own epidemic, established systematic linkages across different services and communities, and achieved nearly universal coverage of HIV services nationwide. Still, the programme must continually (re)prioritize the most effective and efficient interventions, strengthen synergies between programmes, contribute to health system strengthening, and increase domestic funding so that the gains of the previous two decades are sustained, and the goal of zero new infections is reached.

Research paper thumbnail of Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment

The Lancet, 2006

Background The recording of outcomes from large-scale, simplifi ed HAART (highly active antiretro... more Background The recording of outcomes from large-scale, simplifi ed HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa is critical. We aimed to assess the eff ectiveness of such a programme held by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in the Chiradzulu district, Malawi.

Research paper thumbnail of Rearrangement-Enhancing Element Upstream of the Mouse Immunoglobulin Kappa Chain J Cluster

Science, 1996

Transfecton k~t (Pharmngen) In each case the recombnant extracellular vrils (rECV) was purlfled b... more Transfecton k~t (Pharmngen) In each case the recombnant extracellular vrils (rECV) was purlfled by a I t n t n g dluton dot-blot hybr~d~zaton procedure (16) The cells were Infected at 80% confluence w~t h rECV at a m u t~p l c~t y of lnfect~on of 10 and hawested typlcay 72 hours after ~nfect~on. For purlf~caton of recombinant GST-a,, frozen cell pellets were thawed and resuspended In HMDN buffer 120 mM Hepes (pH 7.41, 5 mM MgCI,, 1 mM d~th~othre~tol (DTij, and 100 mM NaCI] contanng Tr~ton X-100 (l?dj or cholate (l?bj and the protease lnhlb~tors aprot~nln and leupept~n. Cells were ysed by sonca-t~o n on Ice, the lysates were centr~fuged at 40,000g, and sedmented materal was d~scarded. The soluble GST fus~on protelns were purlfled by gutathoneagarose aff~n~ty chromatography Purlfled protelns were d~alysed aganst HMDN buffer (pH 7.11) before use In assays. The protease thrombln was used (at a fuson prote1n:protease ratlo of 5 0 : I ) to separate the GST and o, protens by cutt~ng at a thrombn recogn t o n s~te Dgeston was done In HMDN buffer supplemented w~t h 2.5 mM CaCI, at 11°C for 3 hoi~i-s L~berated GST subun~ts and und~gested GST-a, were removed by gutathone-agarose affnty chromatography to y~eld purlfled vd~ld-type a, and aTE203A. 8. C. Van Dop e t a / . J. Bioi. Chem. 259, 23 (I 9811) 9. T H~gashljllna et a/., /bid. 262, 752 (1 987) 10. T. H~gashjma, K. M. Ferguson, M. D. Smgel, A. G G~lman, ibid. p. 757 11. W J. Ph~ll~ps and R A. Cer~one, /bid 263, 15498 (1 988) 12 P. M. Guy, J. G Koand, R. A Cerone, Siochemist~y 29, 6954 (1 990). 13 R. M t t a etal., unp~rbslied results. 14 H. M Rar~ck, (1991). 17 The GTPase actvit~es of retnal o, and the recomblnant u , subun~ts were measured as descr~bed Briefly, the nd~v~dual protelns (100 nM n , . 100 nM retnal py, ) and phosphat~dylchone vescles contan-~n g rhodopsn (12) were assayed for 10 lnln In a total volume of 200 p at rooln temperature. The reactons were done ~n 20 mM sod~um Hepes (pH 7.41, 5 mM MgCI,, 1 m M DTT, and 100 mM NaCI and were n~tiated by the addton of GTP and [y-i2P]GTP to a fnal concentration of 1 kM. After 10 m n , the reactons were quenched by the add~ton of 5 ml of 10% amlnonum molybdate solut~on. The [y-3iP]P, released upon GTP hydroyss was extracted by the addt~on of 5 lnl of a 1 :1 mixture of sobutanol and benzene and quant~tated by q u~d sc~ntlilat~on count~ng. Background hydrolys~s of GTP was lneasured by quantl-tat~ng P release by rhodops~n-conta~nng p~d vesicles and pyT w~thout added oT-GDP, or by lneasurlng the GTPase actv~ty by a,-GDPvdth py, In the absence of rhodops~n-conta~nng p~d vescles.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence Study of Yaws in the Democratic Republic of Congo Using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Method

Research paper thumbnail of High efficacy of lopinavir/r-based second-line antiretroviral treatment after 24 months of follow up at ESTHER/Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2011

Background: The number of patients on second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) re... more Background: The number of patients on second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens is increasing in resource-limited settings. We describe the outcomes after 24 months for patients on LPV/r-based second-line regimens followed up by the ESTHER programme in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Research paper thumbnail of No association between human herpesvirus 6 reactivation and cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of HIV-1 Genetic Diversity on Plasma HIV-1 RNA Quantification

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2007

The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 has a major impact on the quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA,... more The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 has a major impact on the quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA, representing an increasingly difficult challenge. A total of 898 plasma specimens positive for HIV-1 RNA by commercial assays (Amplicor v1.5; Roche Diagnostic Systems, Alameda, CA or Versant v3.0; Bayer Diagnostics, Emeryville, CA) were tested using the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA second-generation (G2) real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test: 518 samples containing HIV-1 of known subtype, including 88 from 2 subtype panels and 430 harboring B (n = 266) and non-B (n = 164) group M HIV-1 subtypes from patients followed up in 2002 through 2005 at Necker Hospital (Paris, France), and 380 samples from 10 different countries (Argentina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, France, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Morocco, Thailand, and Zimbabwe). HIV-1 RNA values obtained by G2 real-time PCR were highly correlated with those obtained by the Amplicor v1.5 for B and non-B subtypes (R = 0.892 and 0.892, respectively) and for samples from diverse countries (R = 0.867 and 0.893 for real-time PCR vs. Amplicor v1.5 and real-time PCR vs. Versant v3.0, respectively). Approximately 30% of specimens harboring non-B subtypes were underquantified by at least -0.51 log10 in Amplicor v1.5 versus 5% underquantified in G2 real-time PCR. Discrepant results were also obtained with subtype B samples (14% underquantified by Amplicor v1.5 vs. 7% by G2 real-time PCR). Similar percentages were observed when comparing results obtained with the G2 real-time PCR assay with those obtained using the Versant assay. Addressing HIV-1 diversity, continual monitoring of HIV-1 RNA assays, together with molecular epidemiology studies, is required to improve the accuracy of all HIV RNA assays.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Outcome of Cytomegalovirus Replication in Serum of Cambodian HIV-Infected Patients (2004-2007)

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Weight gain at 3 months of antiretroviral therapy is strongly associated with survival: evidence from two developing countries

AIDS, 2009

Background: In developing countries, access to laboratory tests remains limited, and the use of s... more Background: In developing countries, access to laboratory tests remains limited, and the use of simple tools such as weight to monitor HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy should be evaluated.

Research paper thumbnail of Tuberculosis after HAART initiation in HIV-positive patients from five countries with a high tuberculosis burden

AIDS, 2006

Background: HAART reduces tuberculosis (TB) incidence in people living with HIV/ AIDS but those s... more Background: HAART reduces tuberculosis (TB) incidence in people living with HIV/ AIDS but those starting HAART may develop active TB or subclinical TB may become apparent in the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Research paper thumbnail of Positive outcomes of HAART at 24 months in HIV-infected patients in Cambodia

AIDS, 2007

Objectives: African and Asian cohort studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of HA... more Objectives: African and Asian cohort studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of HAART in resource-poor settings. The long-term virological outcome and clinico-immunological criteria of success remain important questions. We report the outcomes at 24 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients treated in a Médecins Sans Frontières/Ministry of Health programme in Cambodia.

Research paper thumbnail of Generic fixed-dose combination antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor settings: multicentric observational cohort

AIDS, 2006

on behalf of Médecins Sans Frontieres Background: The use fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a criti... more on behalf of Médecins Sans Frontieres Background: The use fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a critical tool in improving HAART. Studies on the effectiveness of combined lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine (3TC/d4T/NVP) are scarce. Objective: To analyse 6861 patients in a large observational cohort from 21 Médecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) HIV/AIDS programmes taking 3TC/d4T/NVP, with subcohort analyses of patients at 12 and 18 months of treatment.

Research paper thumbnail of Response to highly active antiretroviral therapy among severely immuno-compromised HIV-infected patients in Cambodia

AIDS, 2007

Background: HAART efficacy was evaluated in a real-life setting in Phnom Penh (Médecins Sans Fron... more Background: HAART efficacy was evaluated in a real-life setting in Phnom Penh (Médecins Sans Frontières programme) among severely immuno-compromised patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Achieving universal access and moving towards elimination of new HIV infections in Cambodia

Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2014

Introduction: In the mid-1990s, Cambodia faced one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Asia. ... more Introduction: In the mid-1990s, Cambodia faced one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in Asia. For its achievement in reversing this trend, and achieving universal access to HIV treatment, the country received a United Nations millennium development goal award in 2010. This article reviews Cambodia's response to HIV over the past two decades and discusses its current efforts towards elimination of new HIV infections. Methods: A literature review of published and unpublished documents, including programme data and presentations, was conducted. Results and discussion: Cambodia classifies its response to one of the most serious HIV epidemics in Asia into three phases. In Phase I (1991Á2000), when adult HIV prevalence peaked at 1.7% and incidence exceeded 20,000 cases, a nationwide HIV prevention programme targeted brothel-based sex work. Voluntary confidential counselling and testing and home-based care were introduced, and peer support groups of people living with HIV emerged. Phase II (2001Á2011) observed a steady decline in adult prevalence to 0.8% and incidence to 1600 cases by 2011, and was characterized by: expanding antiretroviral treatment (coverage reaching more than 80%) and continuum of care; linking with tuberculosis and maternal and child health services; accelerated prevention among key populations, including entertainment establishment-based sex workers, men having sex with men, transgender persons, and people who inject drugs; engagement of health workers to deliver quality services; and strengthening health service delivery systems. The third phase (2012Á2020) aims to attain zero new infections by 2020 through: sharpening responses to key populations at higher risk; maximizing access to community and facility-based testing and retention in prevention and care; and accelerating the transition from vertical approaches to linked/integrated approaches. Conclusions: Cambodia has tailored its prevention strategy to its own epidemic, established systematic linkages across different services and communities, and achieved nearly universal coverage of HIV services nationwide. Still, the programme must continually (re)prioritize the most effective and efficient interventions, strengthen synergies between programmes, contribute to health system strengthening, and increase domestic funding so that the gains of the previous two decades are sustained, and the goal of zero new infections is reached.