Laurie Balistrieri - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Laurie Balistrieri
A study of porewater in water saturated sediments of levee banks and marshes in the lower
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey e... more This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS.
A case study on drainage from polymetallic vein deposits in the world-class Coeur d’Alene mining ... more A case study on drainage from polymetallic vein deposits in the world-class Coeur d’Alene mining district in northern Idaho is presented. The initial discussion focuses on our conceptual geoenvironmental model for these deposits, and then proceeds to examine the composition of waters, particularly those draining from adits and tailings piles within the district. The relative importance of the amount of reacting pyrite and carbonate minerals on drainage composition is discussed from a theoretical viewpoint and then compared with observed compositions from the district. Comparisons of drainage composition and reacting pyrite to carbonate ratios are made with diverse types of ore deposits, including polymetallic vein deposits, in Colorado and with polymetallic vein deposits in Nevada. The results indicate that drainage from polymetallic vein deposits has highly variable pH (i.e., acidic to basic) and concentrations of sulfate, metals, and arsenic. These observations are largely due to ...
Open-File Report, 1998
, and June 1997. Data include temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, flow, ... more , and June 1997. Data include temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, flow, and total acid soluble and dissolved (<0.45 \im) major and trace ion concentrations for 11 adits and 5 tailings deposits. Interpretations of these data will be discussed in other publications. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey are in the process of developing a comprehensive geochemical database for waters draining different types of ore deposits. The intent is to use this database to predict the effects of mineralized deposits on water quality (Plumlee and others, 1993). Our work to characterize the geochemistry of waters draining from adits and beneath tailings piles in the Coeur d'Alene mining district is part of that effort. Our other motivation is to provide unbiased information about point sources of metals to surface and groundwater in the district and to understand the fundamental processes controlling the composition of such drainage. This information is necessary for directing ongoing and prioritizing future remediation activities in the basin. STUDY AREA The Coeur d'Alene mining district is located in the north central Bitterroot Range in northern Idaho and western Montana (fig. 1). Total production from this area indicates that this district ranks as one of the world's largest producers of silver (Ag) and one of the United States' major producers of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Information about the geology and genesis of ore deposits in the Coeur d'Alene district is found in Fryklund (1964), Hobbs and others (1965),
Open-File Report, 1996
This report presents the approaches used for determining dissolved fluxes across the sediment-wat... more This report presents the approaches used for determining dissolved fluxes across the sediment-water interface, field sampling and laboratory methods, analytical results, and results of flux calculations. In addition, there are discussions addressing the direction and magnitude of dissolved copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) fluxes in Terrace Reservoir, the significance of those fluxes relative to transport of dissolved metal by inflowing or outflowing Alamosa River water, and the influence of sorption of dissolved metal by iron oxyhydroxide surfaces and pH variations within the reservoir on the direction and magnitude of those fluxes.
Circular, 2013
The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in t... more The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in the USGS Science Strategy and together cover the scope of USGS science activities. In 2010, I also commissioned seven Science Strategy Planning Teams (SSPTs) to draft science strategies for each USGS mission area. Although the existing Bureau Science Strategy could be a starting point for this exercise, the SSPTs had to go well beyond the scope of the existing document. What is of value and enduring from the work of the programs that existed under the former science disciplines needed to be reframed and reinterpreted under the new organization of the science mission areas. In addition, new opportunities for research directions have emerged in the five years since the Bureau Science Strategy was drafted, and exciting possibilities for cooperating and collaborating in new ways are enabled by the new mission focus of the organization. Scientists from across the Bureau were selected for these SSPTs for their experience in strategic planning, broad range of experience and expertise, and knowledge of stakeholder needs and relationships. Each SSPT was charged with developing a long-term (10-year) science strategy that encompasses the portfolio of USGS science in the respective mission area. Each science strategy will reinforce others because scientific knowledge inherently has significance to multiple issues. Leadership of the USGS and the Department of the Interior will use the science vision and priorities developed in these strategies for program guidance, implementation planning, accountability reporting, and resource allocation. These strategies will guide science and technology investment and workforce and human capital strategies. They will inform our partners regarding opportunities for communication, collaboration, and coordination. The USGS has taken a significant step toward demonstrating that we are ready to collaborate on the most pressing natural science issues of our day and the future. I believe a leadership aligned to support these issue-based science directions and equipped with the guidance provided in these new science strategies in the capable hands of our scientists will create a new era for USGS of which we can all be proud.
Open-File Report, 2012
The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in t... more The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in the USGS Science Strategy and together cover the scope of USGS science activities. In 2010, I also commissioned seven Strategic Science Planning Teams (SSPTs) to draft science strategies for each USGS mission area. Although the existing Bureau Science Strategy could be a starting point for this exercise, the SSPTs had to go well beyond the scope of the existing document. What is of value and enduring from the work of the programs that existed under the former science disciplines needed to be reframed and reinterpreted under the new organization of the science mission areas. In addition, new opportunities for research directions have emerged in the five years since the Bureau Science Strategy was drafted, and exciting possibilities for cooperating and collaborating in new ways are enabled by the new mission focus of the organization. Scientists from across the Bureau were selected for these SSPTs for their experience in strategic planning, broad range of experience and expertise, and knowledge of stakeholder needs and relationships. Each SSPT was charged with developing a long-term (10-year) science strategy that encompasses the portfolio of USGS science in the respective mission area. Each science strategy will reinforce others because scientific knowledge inherently has significance to multiple issues. Leadership of the USGS and the Department of the Interior will use the science vision and priorities developed in these strategies for program guidance, implementation planning, accountability reporting, and resource allocation. These strategies will guide science and technology investment and workforce and human capital strategies. They will inform our partners regarding opportunities for communication, collaboration, and coordination. The USGS has taken a significant step toward demonstrating that we are ready to collaborate on the most pressing natural science issues of our day and the future. I believe a leadership aligned to support these issue-based science directions and equipped with the guidance provided in these new science strategies in the capable hands of our scientists will create a new era for USGS of which we can all be proud.
Open-File Report, 1998
This report presents porewater and selected water column data collected from Coeur d'Alene Lake i... more This report presents porewater and selected water column data collected from Coeur d'Alene Lake in September of 1992. Despite probable oxidation of the porewater samples during collection and handling, these data are used to calculate molecular diffusive fluxes of dissolved metals (i.e., Zn, Pb, Cu, and Mn) across the sediment-water interface. While these data and calculations provide preliminary information on benthic metal fluxes in Coeur d'Alene Lake, further work is needed to verify their direction and magnitude. The benthic flux calculations indicate that the sediment is generally a source of dissolved Zn, Cu, Mn, and, possibly, Pb to the overlying water column. These benthic fluxes are compared with two other major sources of metals to Coeur d'Alene Lake-the Coeur d'Alene and St. Joe Rivers. Comparisons indicate that benthic fluxes of Zn, Pb, and Cu are generally less than half of the fluxes of these metals into the lake from the Coeur d'Alene River. However, in a few cases, the calculated benthic metal fluxes exceed the Coeur d'Alene River fluxes. Benthic fluxes of Zn and, possibly, Pb may be greater than the corresponding metal fluxes from the St. Joe River. These results have implications for changes in the relative importance of metal sources to the lake as remediation activities in the Coeur d'Alene River basin proceed.
Applied Geochemistry, 2015
This paper reviews methods for testing the toxicity of metals associated with freshwater sediment... more This paper reviews methods for testing the toxicity of metals associated with freshwater sediments, linking toxic effects with metal exposure and bioavailability, and developing sediment quality guidelines. The most broadly applicable approach for characterizing metal toxicity is whole-sediment toxicity testing, which attempts to simulate natural exposure conditions in the laboratory. Standard methods for whole-sediment testing can be adapted to test a wide variety of taxa. Chronic sediment tests that characterize effects on multiple endpoints (e.g., survival, growth, and reproduction) can be highly sensitive indicators of adverse effects on resident invertebrate taxa. Methods for testing of aqueous phases (pore water, overlying water, or elutriates) are used less frequently. Analysis of sediment toxicity data focuses on statistical comparisons between responses in sediments from the study area and responses in one or more uncontaminated reference sediments. For large or complex study areas, a greater number of reference sediments is recommended to reliably define the normal range of responses in uncontaminated sediments-the 'reference envelope'. Data on metal concentrations and effects on test organisms across a gradient of contamination may allow development of concentration-response models, which estimate metal concentrations associated with specified levels of toxic effects (e.g. 20% effect concentration or EC20). Comparisons of toxic effects in laboratory tests with measures of impacts on resident benthic invertebrate communities can help document causal relationships between metal contamination and biological effects. Total or total-recoverable metal concentrations in sediments are the most common measure of metal contamination in sediments, but metal concentrations in labile sediment fractions (e.g., determined as part of selective sediment extraction protocols) may better represent metal bioavailability. Metals released by the weak-acid extraction of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), termed simultaneously-extracted metals (SEM), are widely used to estimate the 'potentially-bioavailable' fraction of metals that is not bound to sulfides (i.e., SEM-AVS). Metal concentrations in pore water are widely considered to be direct measures of metal bioavailability, and predictions of toxicity based on pore-water metal concentrations may be further improved by modeling interactions of metals with other pore-water constituents using Biotic Ligand Models. Data from sediment toxicity tests and metal analyses has provided the basis for development of sediment quality guidelines, which estimate thresholds for toxicity of metals in sediments. Empirical guidelines such as Probable Effects Concentrations or (PECs) are based on associations between sediment metal concentrations and occurrence of toxic effects in large datasets. PECs do not model bioavailable metals, but they can be used to estimate the toxicity of metal mixtures using by calculation of probable effect quotients (PEQ = sediment metal concentration/PEC). In contrast, mechanistic guidelines, such as Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) attempt to predict both bioavailability and mixture toxicity. Application of these simple bioavailability models requires more extensive chemical characterization of sediments or pore water, compared to empirical guidelines, but may provide more reliable estimates of metal toxicity across a wide range of sediment types.
Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1981
The adsorption properties of sinking particulate matter in the deep subtropical Atlantic Ocean ar... more The adsorption properties of sinking particulate matter in the deep subtropical Atlantic Ocean are modeled by combining the field observations of trace metal scavenging with theoretical surface chemistry. The treatment yields equilibrium constants that define metal interactions with deep-ocean particles. These equilibrium constants can be compared with those that define metal interactions with typical metal oxides and organic compounds. The comparison indicates that metal-particulate matter interactions closely resemble the interactions between organic compounds and metals. Therefore, it is suggested that the adsorption properties of marine particulate matter are controlled by organic coatings. In addition, quantifying the surface properties of deep-ocean particles provides a means for estimating the scavenging residence times for metals for which the determination has not yet been made.
ACS Symposium Series, 1979
ABSTRACT
Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1988
Abstract Adsorption (surface complexation) has long been considered to be the dominant process in... more Abstract Adsorption (surface complexation) has long been considered to be the dominant process involved in the oceanic scavenging of many trace metals. Much of what we know about metal removal in the ocean (ie rate and extent) is based on measurements of U and ...
Science of The Total Environment, 2014
A new approach that predicts the toxicity of metal mixtures is presented. • The approach is evalu... more A new approach that predicts the toxicity of metal mixtures is presented. • The approach is evaluated using single metal toxicity tests of trout. • Theoretical data sets illustrate differences in toxicity among metal solutions. • Toxicity is predicted at a field site and compared with toxicity test data. • Multiple factors influence the toxicity of metal mixtures.
Limnology and Oceanography, 2010
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982
Continuous in-situ recording of S, T, dissolved 02, pH and turbidity in the Tamar Estuary has dem... more Continuous in-situ recording of S, T, dissolved 02, pH and turbidity in the Tamar Estuary has demonstrated considerable temporal (short-term and seasonal) and geographical variability of these properties. Causes and interrelationships of this variability and their general implications for field investigations are discussed. Nat. Environ. Res. Council, Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res.,
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982
... Chem. 71(3), 550-558. Balistrieri LS and Murray JW (1981) The surface chemistry of goethite (... more ... Chem. 71(3), 550-558. Balistrieri LS and Murray JW (1981) The surface chemistry of goethite (aFeOOH) in major ion seawater. Amer. J. Sei. ... LS Balistrieri and JW Murray, The surface chemistry of goethite (αFeOOH) in major ion seawater, Amer. J. Sci. 281 (1981), pp. 788806. ...
A study of porewater in water saturated sediments of levee banks and marshes in the lower
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey e... more This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS.
A case study on drainage from polymetallic vein deposits in the world-class Coeur d’Alene mining ... more A case study on drainage from polymetallic vein deposits in the world-class Coeur d’Alene mining district in northern Idaho is presented. The initial discussion focuses on our conceptual geoenvironmental model for these deposits, and then proceeds to examine the composition of waters, particularly those draining from adits and tailings piles within the district. The relative importance of the amount of reacting pyrite and carbonate minerals on drainage composition is discussed from a theoretical viewpoint and then compared with observed compositions from the district. Comparisons of drainage composition and reacting pyrite to carbonate ratios are made with diverse types of ore deposits, including polymetallic vein deposits, in Colorado and with polymetallic vein deposits in Nevada. The results indicate that drainage from polymetallic vein deposits has highly variable pH (i.e., acidic to basic) and concentrations of sulfate, metals, and arsenic. These observations are largely due to ...
Open-File Report, 1998
, and June 1997. Data include temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, flow, ... more , and June 1997. Data include temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, flow, and total acid soluble and dissolved (<0.45 \im) major and trace ion concentrations for 11 adits and 5 tailings deposits. Interpretations of these data will be discussed in other publications. Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey are in the process of developing a comprehensive geochemical database for waters draining different types of ore deposits. The intent is to use this database to predict the effects of mineralized deposits on water quality (Plumlee and others, 1993). Our work to characterize the geochemistry of waters draining from adits and beneath tailings piles in the Coeur d'Alene mining district is part of that effort. Our other motivation is to provide unbiased information about point sources of metals to surface and groundwater in the district and to understand the fundamental processes controlling the composition of such drainage. This information is necessary for directing ongoing and prioritizing future remediation activities in the basin. STUDY AREA The Coeur d'Alene mining district is located in the north central Bitterroot Range in northern Idaho and western Montana (fig. 1). Total production from this area indicates that this district ranks as one of the world's largest producers of silver (Ag) and one of the United States' major producers of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Information about the geology and genesis of ore deposits in the Coeur d'Alene district is found in Fryklund (1964), Hobbs and others (1965),
Open-File Report, 1996
This report presents the approaches used for determining dissolved fluxes across the sediment-wat... more This report presents the approaches used for determining dissolved fluxes across the sediment-water interface, field sampling and laboratory methods, analytical results, and results of flux calculations. In addition, there are discussions addressing the direction and magnitude of dissolved copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) fluxes in Terrace Reservoir, the significance of those fluxes relative to transport of dissolved metal by inflowing or outflowing Alamosa River water, and the influence of sorption of dissolved metal by iron oxyhydroxide surfaces and pH variations within the reservoir on the direction and magnitude of those fluxes.
Circular, 2013
The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in t... more The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in the USGS Science Strategy and together cover the scope of USGS science activities. In 2010, I also commissioned seven Science Strategy Planning Teams (SSPTs) to draft science strategies for each USGS mission area. Although the existing Bureau Science Strategy could be a starting point for this exercise, the SSPTs had to go well beyond the scope of the existing document. What is of value and enduring from the work of the programs that existed under the former science disciplines needed to be reframed and reinterpreted under the new organization of the science mission areas. In addition, new opportunities for research directions have emerged in the five years since the Bureau Science Strategy was drafted, and exciting possibilities for cooperating and collaborating in new ways are enabled by the new mission focus of the organization. Scientists from across the Bureau were selected for these SSPTs for their experience in strategic planning, broad range of experience and expertise, and knowledge of stakeholder needs and relationships. Each SSPT was charged with developing a long-term (10-year) science strategy that encompasses the portfolio of USGS science in the respective mission area. Each science strategy will reinforce others because scientific knowledge inherently has significance to multiple issues. Leadership of the USGS and the Department of the Interior will use the science vision and priorities developed in these strategies for program guidance, implementation planning, accountability reporting, and resource allocation. These strategies will guide science and technology investment and workforce and human capital strategies. They will inform our partners regarding opportunities for communication, collaboration, and coordination. The USGS has taken a significant step toward demonstrating that we are ready to collaborate on the most pressing natural science issues of our day and the future. I believe a leadership aligned to support these issue-based science directions and equipped with the guidance provided in these new science strategies in the capable hands of our scientists will create a new era for USGS of which we can all be proud.
Open-File Report, 2012
The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in t... more The scope of each of these new mission areas is broader than the science directions outlined in the USGS Science Strategy and together cover the scope of USGS science activities. In 2010, I also commissioned seven Strategic Science Planning Teams (SSPTs) to draft science strategies for each USGS mission area. Although the existing Bureau Science Strategy could be a starting point for this exercise, the SSPTs had to go well beyond the scope of the existing document. What is of value and enduring from the work of the programs that existed under the former science disciplines needed to be reframed and reinterpreted under the new organization of the science mission areas. In addition, new opportunities for research directions have emerged in the five years since the Bureau Science Strategy was drafted, and exciting possibilities for cooperating and collaborating in new ways are enabled by the new mission focus of the organization. Scientists from across the Bureau were selected for these SSPTs for their experience in strategic planning, broad range of experience and expertise, and knowledge of stakeholder needs and relationships. Each SSPT was charged with developing a long-term (10-year) science strategy that encompasses the portfolio of USGS science in the respective mission area. Each science strategy will reinforce others because scientific knowledge inherently has significance to multiple issues. Leadership of the USGS and the Department of the Interior will use the science vision and priorities developed in these strategies for program guidance, implementation planning, accountability reporting, and resource allocation. These strategies will guide science and technology investment and workforce and human capital strategies. They will inform our partners regarding opportunities for communication, collaboration, and coordination. The USGS has taken a significant step toward demonstrating that we are ready to collaborate on the most pressing natural science issues of our day and the future. I believe a leadership aligned to support these issue-based science directions and equipped with the guidance provided in these new science strategies in the capable hands of our scientists will create a new era for USGS of which we can all be proud.
Open-File Report, 1998
This report presents porewater and selected water column data collected from Coeur d'Alene Lake i... more This report presents porewater and selected water column data collected from Coeur d'Alene Lake in September of 1992. Despite probable oxidation of the porewater samples during collection and handling, these data are used to calculate molecular diffusive fluxes of dissolved metals (i.e., Zn, Pb, Cu, and Mn) across the sediment-water interface. While these data and calculations provide preliminary information on benthic metal fluxes in Coeur d'Alene Lake, further work is needed to verify their direction and magnitude. The benthic flux calculations indicate that the sediment is generally a source of dissolved Zn, Cu, Mn, and, possibly, Pb to the overlying water column. These benthic fluxes are compared with two other major sources of metals to Coeur d'Alene Lake-the Coeur d'Alene and St. Joe Rivers. Comparisons indicate that benthic fluxes of Zn, Pb, and Cu are generally less than half of the fluxes of these metals into the lake from the Coeur d'Alene River. However, in a few cases, the calculated benthic metal fluxes exceed the Coeur d'Alene River fluxes. Benthic fluxes of Zn and, possibly, Pb may be greater than the corresponding metal fluxes from the St. Joe River. These results have implications for changes in the relative importance of metal sources to the lake as remediation activities in the Coeur d'Alene River basin proceed.
Applied Geochemistry, 2015
This paper reviews methods for testing the toxicity of metals associated with freshwater sediment... more This paper reviews methods for testing the toxicity of metals associated with freshwater sediments, linking toxic effects with metal exposure and bioavailability, and developing sediment quality guidelines. The most broadly applicable approach for characterizing metal toxicity is whole-sediment toxicity testing, which attempts to simulate natural exposure conditions in the laboratory. Standard methods for whole-sediment testing can be adapted to test a wide variety of taxa. Chronic sediment tests that characterize effects on multiple endpoints (e.g., survival, growth, and reproduction) can be highly sensitive indicators of adverse effects on resident invertebrate taxa. Methods for testing of aqueous phases (pore water, overlying water, or elutriates) are used less frequently. Analysis of sediment toxicity data focuses on statistical comparisons between responses in sediments from the study area and responses in one or more uncontaminated reference sediments. For large or complex study areas, a greater number of reference sediments is recommended to reliably define the normal range of responses in uncontaminated sediments-the 'reference envelope'. Data on metal concentrations and effects on test organisms across a gradient of contamination may allow development of concentration-response models, which estimate metal concentrations associated with specified levels of toxic effects (e.g. 20% effect concentration or EC20). Comparisons of toxic effects in laboratory tests with measures of impacts on resident benthic invertebrate communities can help document causal relationships between metal contamination and biological effects. Total or total-recoverable metal concentrations in sediments are the most common measure of metal contamination in sediments, but metal concentrations in labile sediment fractions (e.g., determined as part of selective sediment extraction protocols) may better represent metal bioavailability. Metals released by the weak-acid extraction of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), termed simultaneously-extracted metals (SEM), are widely used to estimate the 'potentially-bioavailable' fraction of metals that is not bound to sulfides (i.e., SEM-AVS). Metal concentrations in pore water are widely considered to be direct measures of metal bioavailability, and predictions of toxicity based on pore-water metal concentrations may be further improved by modeling interactions of metals with other pore-water constituents using Biotic Ligand Models. Data from sediment toxicity tests and metal analyses has provided the basis for development of sediment quality guidelines, which estimate thresholds for toxicity of metals in sediments. Empirical guidelines such as Probable Effects Concentrations or (PECs) are based on associations between sediment metal concentrations and occurrence of toxic effects in large datasets. PECs do not model bioavailable metals, but they can be used to estimate the toxicity of metal mixtures using by calculation of probable effect quotients (PEQ = sediment metal concentration/PEC). In contrast, mechanistic guidelines, such as Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) attempt to predict both bioavailability and mixture toxicity. Application of these simple bioavailability models requires more extensive chemical characterization of sediments or pore water, compared to empirical guidelines, but may provide more reliable estimates of metal toxicity across a wide range of sediment types.
Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1981
The adsorption properties of sinking particulate matter in the deep subtropical Atlantic Ocean ar... more The adsorption properties of sinking particulate matter in the deep subtropical Atlantic Ocean are modeled by combining the field observations of trace metal scavenging with theoretical surface chemistry. The treatment yields equilibrium constants that define metal interactions with deep-ocean particles. These equilibrium constants can be compared with those that define metal interactions with typical metal oxides and organic compounds. The comparison indicates that metal-particulate matter interactions closely resemble the interactions between organic compounds and metals. Therefore, it is suggested that the adsorption properties of marine particulate matter are controlled by organic coatings. In addition, quantifying the surface properties of deep-ocean particles provides a means for estimating the scavenging residence times for metals for which the determination has not yet been made.
ACS Symposium Series, 1979
ABSTRACT
Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1988
Abstract Adsorption (surface complexation) has long been considered to be the dominant process in... more Abstract Adsorption (surface complexation) has long been considered to be the dominant process involved in the oceanic scavenging of many trace metals. Much of what we know about metal removal in the ocean (ie rate and extent) is based on measurements of U and ...
Science of The Total Environment, 2014
A new approach that predicts the toxicity of metal mixtures is presented. • The approach is evalu... more A new approach that predicts the toxicity of metal mixtures is presented. • The approach is evaluated using single metal toxicity tests of trout. • Theoretical data sets illustrate differences in toxicity among metal solutions. • Toxicity is predicted at a field site and compared with toxicity test data. • Multiple factors influence the toxicity of metal mixtures.
Limnology and Oceanography, 2010
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982
Continuous in-situ recording of S, T, dissolved 02, pH and turbidity in the Tamar Estuary has dem... more Continuous in-situ recording of S, T, dissolved 02, pH and turbidity in the Tamar Estuary has demonstrated considerable temporal (short-term and seasonal) and geographical variability of these properties. Causes and interrelationships of this variability and their general implications for field investigations are discussed. Nat. Environ. Res. Council, Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res.,
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1982
... Chem. 71(3), 550-558. Balistrieri LS and Murray JW (1981) The surface chemistry of goethite (... more ... Chem. 71(3), 550-558. Balistrieri LS and Murray JW (1981) The surface chemistry of goethite (aFeOOH) in major ion seawater. Amer. J. Sei. ... LS Balistrieri and JW Murray, The surface chemistry of goethite (αFeOOH) in major ion seawater, Amer. J. Sci. 281 (1981), pp. 788806. ...