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Papers by Lauro Santos

Rev. SOBECC, 2004

Base de dados : BDENF. Pesquisa : 14040 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refin... more Base de dados : BDENF. Pesquisa : 14040 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, BDENF, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. experimental, Documentos relacionados. Id: 14040. ...

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2013

The Journal of hospital infection, Jan 23, 2017

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) challenge public health in developing countries such as ... more Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) challenge public health in developing countries such as Brazil, which harbour social inequalities and variations in the complexity of healthcare and regional development. To describe the prevalence of HCAIs in hospitals in a sample of hospitals in Brazil. A prevalence survey conducted in 2011-13 enrolled 152 hospitals from the five macro-regions in Brazil. Hospitals were classified as large (≥200 beds), medium (50-199 beds) or small sized (<50 beds). Settings were randomly selected from a governmental database, except for 11 reference university hospitals. All patients with >48 h of admission to the study hospitals at the time of the survey were included. Trained epidemiologist nurses visited each hospital and collected data on HCAIs, subjects' demographics, and invasive procedures. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used for data analysis. The overall HCAI prevalence was 10.8%. Most frequent infection sites were pneumonia ...

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 1989

Considerando a infecção de ferida cirúrgica como uma freqüente causa de infecção hospitalar, o pr... more Considerando a infecção de ferida cirúrgica como uma freqüente causa de infecção hospitalar, o presente estudo relata um levantamento feito a partir de 45 casos deste tipo de infecção no Hospital Universitário da UFPb, tendo como finalidade investigar o prolongamento do tempo de internação do paciente com infecção de ferida cirúrgica. Identificouse a etiologia bacteriana destas infecções, determinando-se também o padrão de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos com finalidade de propor medidas de prevenção e controle destas infecções, com a participação efetiva do enfermeiro.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2013

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 2017

Staphylococcus aureus is considered a major pathogen in veterinary and human medicine, and the em... more Staphylococcus aureus is considered a major pathogen in veterinary and human medicine, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, such as livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus, means that reliable, inexpensive, and fast methods are required to identify S. aureus obtained from animal sources. We tested the accuracy of a PCR targeting the genes femA, nuc, and coa in identifying S. aureus from animals. A total of 157 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry; 18 different Staphylococcus species were identified. Of 68 S. aureus isolates, the genes femA, nuc, and coa were found in 61, 53, and 32 isolates, respectively. Considering MALDI-TOF as the gold standard, the PCR assays targeting all 3 genes showed 100% specificity; the sensitivity values were 89.7, 77.9, and 47.0% for femA, nuc, and coa, respectively. Sensitivity was 100% when femA and nuc markers were targeted simul...

Australasian Medical Journal, 2013

Background Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a threat ... more Background Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a threat to hospital infection control, due to its multi-drug resistance, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Aims This study was carried out to detect MBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates from medical and surgical ICUs, to compare and evaluate different phenotypic methods currently in use and to determine antibiograms. Method A prospective study was undertaken to detect MBLs in P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from various clinical samples. A total of 49 strains were recovered from patients admitted in inpatient wards and ICUs, and screened for imipenem resistance by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Detection of MBLs was further done by imipenem-EDTA disk synergy test and combined disk test. Results Out of 49 isolates, 11 isolates (22.4 per cent) were imipenem resistant. All 11 imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains, when further tested, were positive for MBL production by combined disk test, but, only eight showed positive results by imipenem-EDTA disk synergy test. Conclusion MBL production was the main resistance mechanism in the 11 carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates collected, with multidrug resistance associating significantly with MBL production in P. aeruginosa from our institution.

American Journal of Infection Control, 2016

Conclusion: This study highlights the need for public health strategies aiming to improve the str... more Conclusion: This study highlights the need for public health strategies aiming to improve the structure for HAI prevention in Brazilian hospitals.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2009

RESUMO: "Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) contra bac... more RESUMO: "Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) contra bactérias multiressistentes isoladas de pacientes nosocomial". Os antibióticos permanecem como a principal opção terapêutica para tratar infecções bacterianas, no entanto, existe a desvantagem de aumentarem a resistência bacteriana, e como alternativa, destaca-se a pesquisa de antimicrobianos de origem vegetal. Neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar in vitro a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) (orégano), sobre bactérias multirresistentes isoladas de materiais biológicos. Foram usadas 24 linhagens de bactérias de origem hospitalar, divididas em seis espécies distintas, que foram inibidas pelo óleo essencial no "screening" preliminar, realizado utilizando-se a técnica de difusão em ágar. A CIM foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição, partindo-se de soluções com as concentrações finais: 8 até 0,125% com os seguintes resultados: As quatro amostras (100%) de Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis e MRSA foram inibidas pelo óleo essencial na concentração de 0,125%. Três amostras (75%) de Acinetobacter baumannii por 0,125% e uma amostra (25%) por 0,5%; Klebsiella pneumoniae (75%) por 0,125% e 25% por 0,25%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (75%) por 0,5% e 25% por 0,25%. A CIM variou de 78 a 83%. Concluiu-se com base nos dados obtidos, que não houve diferença na concentração bactericida mínima (0,5%) do referido óleo tanto para os microrganismos Gram positivos quanto para os Gram negativos.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance pose a threat to public health globally. Ant... more The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance pose a threat to public health globally. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes can disseminate among environments, animals and humans. Therefore, investigation into potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria is of great importance to the understanding of putative transmission routes of resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This study aimed to report the occurrence of Escherichia coli harboring the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing gene (blaKPC) in Psittaciformes rescued from wildlife trafficking in Paraíba State, Brazil. Cloacal swabs were collected from thirty birds and cultured by conventional microbiology using MacConkey and serum tryptone glucose glycerol (STGG) media supplemented with selective antimicrobials. E. coli isolates (n = 43) were identified by phenotypic tests and confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by means of Kirby–Bauer test. All isolates were ...

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1996

To investigate the clonal diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated at João Pessoa, Sta... more To investigate the clonal diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated at João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil, digested genomic DNA were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in nine methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and three methicillin-sensitive strains (MSSA), selected among 67 isolates based on their antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiology. The isolates were obtained between April and November 1992 from the Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba, located in João Pessoa. Two MRSA isolates from the Oswaldo Cruz Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, including an epidemic strain previously detected from different hospitals at the country were used as control. Five different patterns, were demonstrated by MRSA isolated in João Pessoa and these patterns were described in several epidemiologically unrelated hospitals in São Paulo. Our results suggest the interstate dissemination of a MRSA clone in João Pessoa which is similar to that described in other cities of Brazil.

Antimicrobial efficacy in vivo is not exclusively defined by the activity of an antibiotic as det... more Antimicrobial efficacy in vivo is not exclusively defined by the activity of an antibiotic as determined in the in vitro susceptibility test. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials and all phenomena occurring between antimicrobial agents and microorganisms is imperative. The pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters most often used in studies of antibiotic effect include the following relationships: the maximum free concentration (fCmax) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio, the free area under the curve (fAUC/MIC) ratio and the duration of time the free concentration exceeds the MIC (fT>MIC). Utilization of known pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic surrogate relationships should help to optimize treatment outcome, especially in the face of emerging resistance among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical studies in the field of antibacterial PD are still relatively scarce, and much information is needed to enable relevant dosing strate...

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2007

Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 208) were collected from an 810-bed hospital in Connectic... more Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 208) were collected from an 810-bed hospital in Connecticut, USA. A model employing the pharmacokinetic properties of meropenem, susceptibility results and Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyse four different dosing regimens of meropenem at pharmacodynamic endpoints. Cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was assessed at bacteriostatic and bactericidal endpoints for the entire population of isolates, as well as for isolates from principal anatomical sites. CFR was also evaluated at endpoints shown to suppress emergence of resistance in 'susceptible' P. aeruginosa with either monotherapy or combination therapy. The bacteriostatic ⁄ bactericidal CFR of meropenem 1 g every 8 h (q8h), 2 g q8h, 1 g q8h infused over 3 h (3-h INF), and 2 g q8h 3-h INF were 76% ⁄ 73%, 80% ⁄ 76%, 77% ⁄ 75% and 79% ⁄ 78%, respectively. At the monotherapeutic suppressive endpoint, CFRs against susceptible isolates were 21%, 35%, 32% and 50%, respectively. When combination therapy with an aminoglycoside was simulated, the CFRs for the same regimens were 50%, 64%, 65% and 79%, respectively. Bactericidal CFRs for all regimens against wound isolates were significantly higher (p <0.03 for each regimen) than CFRs for the entire population. Meropenem 2 g q8h with a 3-h infusion in combination with an aminoglycoside provides the greatest likelihood of P. aeruginosa coverage, and may help to prevent development of resistance, although local MIC data are essential to inform therapeutic decisions.

Rev. SOBECC, 2004

Base de dados : BDENF. Pesquisa : 14040 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refin... more Base de dados : BDENF. Pesquisa : 14040 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, BDENF, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. experimental, Documentos relacionados. Id: 14040. ...

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2013

The Journal of hospital infection, Jan 23, 2017

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) challenge public health in developing countries such as ... more Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) challenge public health in developing countries such as Brazil, which harbour social inequalities and variations in the complexity of healthcare and regional development. To describe the prevalence of HCAIs in hospitals in a sample of hospitals in Brazil. A prevalence survey conducted in 2011-13 enrolled 152 hospitals from the five macro-regions in Brazil. Hospitals were classified as large (≥200 beds), medium (50-199 beds) or small sized (<50 beds). Settings were randomly selected from a governmental database, except for 11 reference university hospitals. All patients with >48 h of admission to the study hospitals at the time of the survey were included. Trained epidemiologist nurses visited each hospital and collected data on HCAIs, subjects' demographics, and invasive procedures. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used for data analysis. The overall HCAI prevalence was 10.8%. Most frequent infection sites were pneumonia ...

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 1989

Considerando a infecção de ferida cirúrgica como uma freqüente causa de infecção hospitalar, o pr... more Considerando a infecção de ferida cirúrgica como uma freqüente causa de infecção hospitalar, o presente estudo relata um levantamento feito a partir de 45 casos deste tipo de infecção no Hospital Universitário da UFPb, tendo como finalidade investigar o prolongamento do tempo de internação do paciente com infecção de ferida cirúrgica. Identificouse a etiologia bacteriana destas infecções, determinando-se também o padrão de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos com finalidade de propor medidas de prevenção e controle destas infecções, com a participação efetiva do enfermeiro.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2013

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 2017

Staphylococcus aureus is considered a major pathogen in veterinary and human medicine, and the em... more Staphylococcus aureus is considered a major pathogen in veterinary and human medicine, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, such as livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus, means that reliable, inexpensive, and fast methods are required to identify S. aureus obtained from animal sources. We tested the accuracy of a PCR targeting the genes femA, nuc, and coa in identifying S. aureus from animals. A total of 157 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry; 18 different Staphylococcus species were identified. Of 68 S. aureus isolates, the genes femA, nuc, and coa were found in 61, 53, and 32 isolates, respectively. Considering MALDI-TOF as the gold standard, the PCR assays targeting all 3 genes showed 100% specificity; the sensitivity values were 89.7, 77.9, and 47.0% for femA, nuc, and coa, respectively. Sensitivity was 100% when femA and nuc markers were targeted simul...

Australasian Medical Journal, 2013

Background Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a threat ... more Background Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a threat to hospital infection control, due to its multi-drug resistance, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Aims This study was carried out to detect MBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates from medical and surgical ICUs, to compare and evaluate different phenotypic methods currently in use and to determine antibiograms. Method A prospective study was undertaken to detect MBLs in P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from various clinical samples. A total of 49 strains were recovered from patients admitted in inpatient wards and ICUs, and screened for imipenem resistance by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Detection of MBLs was further done by imipenem-EDTA disk synergy test and combined disk test. Results Out of 49 isolates, 11 isolates (22.4 per cent) were imipenem resistant. All 11 imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains, when further tested, were positive for MBL production by combined disk test, but, only eight showed positive results by imipenem-EDTA disk synergy test. Conclusion MBL production was the main resistance mechanism in the 11 carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates collected, with multidrug resistance associating significantly with MBL production in P. aeruginosa from our institution.

American Journal of Infection Control, 2016

Conclusion: This study highlights the need for public health strategies aiming to improve the str... more Conclusion: This study highlights the need for public health strategies aiming to improve the structure for HAI prevention in Brazilian hospitals.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2009

RESUMO: "Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) contra bac... more RESUMO: "Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) contra bactérias multiressistentes isoladas de pacientes nosocomial". Os antibióticos permanecem como a principal opção terapêutica para tratar infecções bacterianas, no entanto, existe a desvantagem de aumentarem a resistência bacteriana, e como alternativa, destaca-se a pesquisa de antimicrobianos de origem vegetal. Neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar in vitro a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) (orégano), sobre bactérias multirresistentes isoladas de materiais biológicos. Foram usadas 24 linhagens de bactérias de origem hospitalar, divididas em seis espécies distintas, que foram inibidas pelo óleo essencial no "screening" preliminar, realizado utilizando-se a técnica de difusão em ágar. A CIM foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição, partindo-se de soluções com as concentrações finais: 8 até 0,125% com os seguintes resultados: As quatro amostras (100%) de Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis e MRSA foram inibidas pelo óleo essencial na concentração de 0,125%. Três amostras (75%) de Acinetobacter baumannii por 0,125% e uma amostra (25%) por 0,5%; Klebsiella pneumoniae (75%) por 0,125% e 25% por 0,25%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (75%) por 0,5% e 25% por 0,25%. A CIM variou de 78 a 83%. Concluiu-se com base nos dados obtidos, que não houve diferença na concentração bactericida mínima (0,5%) do referido óleo tanto para os microrganismos Gram positivos quanto para os Gram negativos.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance pose a threat to public health globally. Ant... more The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance pose a threat to public health globally. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes can disseminate among environments, animals and humans. Therefore, investigation into potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria is of great importance to the understanding of putative transmission routes of resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This study aimed to report the occurrence of Escherichia coli harboring the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing gene (blaKPC) in Psittaciformes rescued from wildlife trafficking in Paraíba State, Brazil. Cloacal swabs were collected from thirty birds and cultured by conventional microbiology using MacConkey and serum tryptone glucose glycerol (STGG) media supplemented with selective antimicrobials. E. coli isolates (n = 43) were identified by phenotypic tests and confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by means of Kirby–Bauer test. All isolates were ...

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1996

To investigate the clonal diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated at João Pessoa, Sta... more To investigate the clonal diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated at João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil, digested genomic DNA were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in nine methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and three methicillin-sensitive strains (MSSA), selected among 67 isolates based on their antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiology. The isolates were obtained between April and November 1992 from the Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba, located in João Pessoa. Two MRSA isolates from the Oswaldo Cruz Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, including an epidemic strain previously detected from different hospitals at the country were used as control. Five different patterns, were demonstrated by MRSA isolated in João Pessoa and these patterns were described in several epidemiologically unrelated hospitals in São Paulo. Our results suggest the interstate dissemination of a MRSA clone in João Pessoa which is similar to that described in other cities of Brazil.

Antimicrobial efficacy in vivo is not exclusively defined by the activity of an antibiotic as det... more Antimicrobial efficacy in vivo is not exclusively defined by the activity of an antibiotic as determined in the in vitro susceptibility test. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials and all phenomena occurring between antimicrobial agents and microorganisms is imperative. The pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters most often used in studies of antibiotic effect include the following relationships: the maximum free concentration (fCmax) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio, the free area under the curve (fAUC/MIC) ratio and the duration of time the free concentration exceeds the MIC (fT>MIC). Utilization of known pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic surrogate relationships should help to optimize treatment outcome, especially in the face of emerging resistance among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical studies in the field of antibacterial PD are still relatively scarce, and much information is needed to enable relevant dosing strate...

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2007

Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 208) were collected from an 810-bed hospital in Connectic... more Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 208) were collected from an 810-bed hospital in Connecticut, USA. A model employing the pharmacokinetic properties of meropenem, susceptibility results and Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyse four different dosing regimens of meropenem at pharmacodynamic endpoints. Cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was assessed at bacteriostatic and bactericidal endpoints for the entire population of isolates, as well as for isolates from principal anatomical sites. CFR was also evaluated at endpoints shown to suppress emergence of resistance in 'susceptible' P. aeruginosa with either monotherapy or combination therapy. The bacteriostatic ⁄ bactericidal CFR of meropenem 1 g every 8 h (q8h), 2 g q8h, 1 g q8h infused over 3 h (3-h INF), and 2 g q8h 3-h INF were 76% ⁄ 73%, 80% ⁄ 76%, 77% ⁄ 75% and 79% ⁄ 78%, respectively. At the monotherapeutic suppressive endpoint, CFRs against susceptible isolates were 21%, 35%, 32% and 50%, respectively. When combination therapy with an aminoglycoside was simulated, the CFRs for the same regimens were 50%, 64%, 65% and 79%, respectively. Bactericidal CFRs for all regimens against wound isolates were significantly higher (p <0.03 for each regimen) than CFRs for the entire population. Meropenem 2 g q8h with a 3-h infusion in combination with an aminoglycoside provides the greatest likelihood of P. aeruginosa coverage, and may help to prevent development of resistance, although local MIC data are essential to inform therapeutic decisions.