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Papers by Leandra Lima

Research paper thumbnail of Percepção subjetiva do esforço em testes de carga máxima em octogenários

Research paper thumbnail of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício ENTRE PESO CORPORAL E A CARGA EM DIFERENTES FAIXAS ETÁRIAS DE IDOSAS NO EXERCÍCIO LEG PRESS

ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P... more ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P e sq u i s a e E n si n o e m F i s i o l o gi a do E x e r c í c i o w w w. i b p e f e x. c o m. b r / w w w. r b p f e x. c o m. b r RELAÇÃO

Research paper thumbnail of Comparação Entre a Distância Predita e Obtida No Teste Decaminhada De 6 Minutos Em Idosos

Revista Brasileira De Fisioterapia, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep quality and blood pressure in the elderly undergoing aerobic and resistance training

Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Relação entre peso corporal e a carga em diferentes faixas etárias de idosas no exercício Leg Press

Introducao: A incapacidade funcional aumenta o numero de doencas cronicas e reduz a autonomia no ... more Introducao: A incapacidade funcional aumenta o numero de doencas cronicas e reduz a autonomia no envelhecimento. O exercicio fisico (EF) promove melhora na capacidade funcional (CF) fisica e o treinamento resistido (TR) deve ser o preferido por aprimorar com excelencia a CF necessaria a realizacao das tarefas do dia-a-dia. O padrao ouro para prescricao do TR e o teste de uma repeticao maxima (1RM). A possibilidade de correlacionar o desempenho no teste de 1RM com variaveis antropometricas possibilitaria encontrar estimativas de 1RM, sendo util na escolha e classificacao da carga obtida no teste. Objetivo: avaliar o indice de forca muscular relativa (IFMR) para Leg Press em idosas de diferentes faixas etarias. Metodos: 49 idosas, 14 sexagenarias (64,36±2,8anos) com indice de massa corporal (IMC) de 27,6±4,2 Kg/m 2 , 10 setuagenarias (72,8±2,2 anos) com IMC de 27,3±4,8 Kg/m 2 e 25 octogenarias 83,16±3,3 anos e IMC de 25,6±4,2 Kg/m 2 foram submetidas ao teste de 1RM e o valor do IFMR f...

Research paper thumbnail of Associação Do Desempenho Funcional e Da Força Muscular Em Idosos De Uma Comunidade

Revista Brasileira De Fisioterapia, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of life in elderly hypertensive patients: effect of exercise training

Research paper thumbnail of Combined aerobic and resistance training: are there additional benefits for older hypertensive adults?

Clinics, 2017

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance... more The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance training to those of isolated aerobic training on blood pressure, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive older adults. METHOD: Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to the aerobic group, resistance and aerobic group, and control group. Before and after 10 weeks, the following data were obtained: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure data, abdominal circumference, waist circumference, body mass index, lean mass, fat mass, and insulin sensitivity. The study was conducted with 3 training sessions per week. RESULTS: Comparison revealed significant reductions in the body mass index, abdominal and waist circumferences, and ambulatory blood pressure (24-hour, wakefulness and sleep systolic/diastolic blood pressures) in both the aerobic group and the resistance and aerobic (combined) group. The fat mass only changed in the combined group. There was no difference in the insulin sensitivity in any group. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment and aerobic treatment alone were equally effective in reducing the blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal and waist circumferences, although the addition of the resistance component also helped reduce the fat mass.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of different types of exercise on sleep quality of elderly subjects

Sleep Medicine, 2016

Objective/background: There are still many gaps i n r e s e a r c h concerning the effect of diff... more Objective/background: There are still many gaps i n r e s e a r c h concerning the effect of different physical training modalities on sleep quality in the elderly population. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare the quality of sleep of hypertensive elderly subjects submitted to two types of training, (ie, aerobic exercise alone or combined aerobic and resistance training). Patients/Methods: Participants aged 60 to 75 years were randomized to three groups: aerobic group (AG), combined aerobic and resistance group (ARG), and control untrained group (CG). Training lasted 10 consecutive weeks with 30 uninterrupted sessions. The actigraph (Actiwatch Minimitter Company, INC-Sunriver, OR, USA) was placed on the non-dominant wrist and activities were monitored continuously while being recorded at one minute intervals. The participants kept the device for a period of 96 hours before the first and last training sessions. Results: There was a reduction of sleep fragmentation index of 18.9 for AG and 13 for ARG (p ˂0.01) and the sleep efficacy was improved in the exercise groups, with a 5.6% increase for AG (p=0.02) and a 6.1% increase for ARG (p=0.01). After training, percentage of minutes motionless was increased by 8.2% for AG and by 6.9% for ARG (p˂0.01), indicating improved sleep quality. A reduction in total activity score during sleep was observed for AG and ARG (p˂0.01). Conclusions: The two types of exercise performed for 10 weeks similarly improved sleep quality, thus reducing the fragmentation index, the percentage of minutes in motion and total activity score, and increasing sleep efficacy.

Research paper thumbnail of One repetition maximum test in octogenarian: evaluation of blood pressure

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, Jan 31, 2016

The gold standard for resistance training prescription is the one repetition maximum strengthtest... more The gold standard for resistance training prescription is the one repetition maximum strengthtest (1RM). However, there are fears that, by making maximum effort, octogenarian may elevate their blood pressure (BP). Forty subjects (25 women) aged 83.3 ± 3.2 years underwent two days of office BP measurements (V1 and V2). On the 1RM test day, measurements were performed before (BASAL) and after (POST) test. 1RM tests were performed in the Seated Chest Press (SCP), Leg Press (LP) and Seated Back Row (SBR), with BP measurements immediately after (1RM) and one minute after(1RM(1')) each exercise. Maximum systolic BP (SBP) in the SCP was 137 mmHg in 1RM, with no difference compared to V1 (p=0.29). In LP, maximum SBP was 143 mmHg in 1RM(1'), but BP came down quickly, with SBP in POST equal to V1 (p=0.95). There were differences over time in SBR (p <0.01), but SBP in 1RM and in 1RM(1') was similar to V1 (p=0.20). There was a small difference in diastolic BP over time. There was...

Research paper thumbnail of Blood pressure of employees undergoing aerobic training during working hours

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2015

Relaxation treatment in hypertensive: blood pressure lowering depends on anti-hypertensive medica... more Relaxation treatment in hypertensive: blood pressure lowering depends on anti-hypertensive medication status Kimberly C. Blom, Brian Baker, Alex Kiss, Tavis Campbell, Susan Abbey, Milena Gosk, Nancy J. Perkins, Sheldon W. Tobe. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Sunnybrook Hospital University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Hospital University of Toronto and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Western University, London, ON, Canada

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of aerobic training and aerobic and resistance training on the inflammatory status of hypertensive older adults

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2015

There is a relationship between high levels of inflammatory markers and low adhesion to the pract... more There is a relationship between high levels of inflammatory markers and low adhesion to the practice of physical activity in the older population. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of two types of exercise programs, i.e., aerobic training and aerobic plus resistance training on the plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) of elderly hypertensive subjects. Hypertensive older volunteers in use of antihypertensive drugs were randomized to three groups: aerobic group (AG), resistance and aerobic group (RAG) and control group (CG). Training lasted 10 weeks, with sessions held three times a week. Blood samples were collected before training and 24 h after completion of the 30 sessions for the determination of serum IL-6 and TNF-a levels. Body mass index was obtained before and after 10 weeks. After intervention, BMI values were lower in AG and RAG compared to CG (p \ 0.001), IL-6 was reduced in AG compared to CG (p = 0.04), and TNF-a levels were lower only in RAG compared to CG (p = 0.01). Concluding, both types of training were effective in reducing BMI values in hypertensive older subjects. Aerobic exercise produced the reduction of plasma IL-6 levels. However, the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise, which would be more indicated for the prevention of loss of functionality with aging, showed lower TNF-a mediator after training than control group and a greater fall of TNF-a levels associated to higher BMI reduction.

Research paper thumbnail of Aspectos controversos no tratamento da hipertensão no idoso: fragilidade, distúrbios cognitivos e octogenários Controversial aspects of the hypertension treatment in the elderly: frailty, cognitive disorders and octogenarians

RESUMO Existem aspectos ainda controversos no tratamento da hipertensão arterial de idosos, entre... more RESUMO Existem aspectos ainda controversos no tratamento da hipertensão arterial de idosos, entre eles a abordagem do idoso frágil e do indivíduo com risco de demência ou dementado, além dos octogenários. O diagnóstico e o tratamento da hipertensão, bem como o adequado controle de outros fatores de risco cardiovascular, fazem parte da prevenção da síndrome da fragilidade. Por outro lado, verifica-se a elevação da mortalidade nos idosos com pressão arterial mais baixa, quando há fragilidade intensa ou doenças debilitantes. Há ainda vários aspectos a serem estudados em relação à associação entre o tra- tamento e a redução do declínio cognitivo ou a incidência de demência, bem como na redução da velocidade de progressão do declínio, mas os resultados dos estudos até o momento parecem indicar benefícios. Na população octogenária e nonagenária, o tratamento da hipertensão ainda apresenta aspectos não totalmente definidos, havendo uma tendência ao aumento da mortalidade geral ao lado da m...

Research paper thumbnail of Medical outcomes short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire in elderly hypertensive patients: effect of exercise training

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of an exercise program on blood pressure, body mass index and abdominal circumference in elderly hypertensive patients

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2014

The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto-Univers... more The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto-University of S~ao Paulo Brazil. Objectives: To investigate and compare the effects of ten weeks of isolated aerobic and aerobic exercise associated with resistance exercise in blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC) older individuals with treated hypertension. Methods: 90 elderly volunteers aged from 65 to 75 years, on regular use of antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or calcium channel blockers (diidropiridinic)) were selected. We excluded those with diabetes, BP greater than 160/100 mmHg, use of medications beta-blockers, obese grade II and III. Of the 90 seniors, 44 were able to perform the study protocols. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups : G1 (aerobic training, n 1⁄4 15 ), G2 ( aerobic training with anaerobic, n 1⁄4 15 ) and G3 (control, n 1⁄4 14 ). The aerobic sessions were held three times per week at intensity between 50% to 80% of maximum heart rate obtained by the maximum exercise test. The maximum load work was calculated by one-repetition maximum (1RM) and they exercised at 50 to 60% of 1RM. The ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM Space Labs Medical , 90207 ) was installed in the left arm, lasting for 24 hours, in before and after 10 weeks. The measurements of weight, height and abdominal circumference before and after training were also obtained. Statistics: We used the linear regression model with mixed effects and the Pearson correlation test. Results: Mean age was 68.5 5.1 years, with no diferences between groups (p 1⁄4 0:44), with a predominance of women (84 %) in the three groups (p 1⁄4 0:32 ). After 10 weeks of training, systolic BP (SBP) was reduced of 4.2 mmHg and 7.7 mmHg for G1 and G2, respectively. G3 had an increase of 5.7 mmHg during the 10 weeks. . Basal diastolic BP (DBP) was 75.4 mmHg in G1 , 75.8 mmHg in G2 and 72.8 mmHg in G3 , modifying these values to 72 mmHg, 72 mmHg and 73.7 mmHg, respectively. BMI values were reduced in G1 (p1⁄40.01) , G2 (p1⁄40.01) and increased in G3 (p1⁄40.01). Similarly, measures the abdominal circumference decreased in G1 (p <0.01) and G2 (p < 0.01), while the values of G3 tended to increase at the end of observation (p1⁄40.07). BMI values were correlated with: SBP 24 (p < 0.01, rho 0.6); waking SBP (p<0.001, rho 0.7) ;sleep SBP (p<0.001, rho 0.6 ); DBP 24 (p1⁄40.001; rho 0.47), DBP wake / sleep (p<0.001; 0:56 rho / p1⁄40.001, rho 0:45 ) and fat mass (p<.001, rho 0.74) . Conclusion: Ten weeks of isolated aerobic training and combined aerobic and resistance training were equally effective in reducing BP, in decreased abdominal circumference and body mass index. The weight loss achieved with the training may have influenced the drop in blood pressure.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of blood pressure at different moments in the one-repetition maximum test in octogenarian individuals

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a single session of aerobic walking exercise on arterial pressure in community-living elderly individuals

Hypertension Research, 2012

Several studies have demonstrated that one exercise session (ES) on a cycloergometer or ergometri... more Several studies have demonstrated that one exercise session (ES) on a cycloergometer or ergometric treadmill causes a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, there are few similar studies on walking, which is the exercise modality most available to the elderly. We investigated the immediate and 24-h effects of walking on BP in independent, community-living elderly individuals. Volunteers participated in a single ES and resting control session (CS). Before and after each session, BP was measured by auscultatory and oscillometric methods. After each session, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted. An accelerometer was installed 48 h before the sessions and left in place for 5 days. The mean volunteer age was 67.7 ± 3.5 years; 11 were hypertensive patients under treatment, and 12 were normotensive. In the total sample, there were immediate 14mm Hg and 12 mm Hg reductions in systolic BP (SBP) after the ES according to the auscultatory and oscillometric methods, respectively. Diastolic BP (DBP) was reduced by 4 mm Hg after the ES according to both methods. SBP during wakefulness and sleep and DBP during wakefulness were lower after the ES than after the CS (Po0.01), when wakefulness and sleep were determined individually (variable-time pattern) using data from the activity monitors and provided by the volunteers. The variable-time pattern was more effective in detecting reductions in BP than the fixed-time pattern.

Research paper thumbnail of Salt and insulin sensitivity after short and prolonged high salt intake in elderly subjects

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2009

Salt sensitivity and insulin resistance are correlated with higher cardiovascular risk. There is ... more Salt sensitivity and insulin resistance are correlated with higher cardiovascular risk. There is no information about changes in salt sensitivity (SS) and insulin sensitivity (IS) after a chronic salt overload in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate these parameters in the elderly. Seventeen volunteers aged 70.5 ± 5.9 years followed a low-salt diet (LSD) for 1 week and a high-salt diet (HSD) for 13 weeks. We evaluated SS after one week (HSD1) and after 13 weeks (HSD13), and subjects' IS and lipids on their usual diet (UD) at HSD1, and at HSD13. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at each visit and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed twice. SS was the same at HSD1 and HSD13. Systolic BP was lower on LSD than on UD (P = 0.01), HSD1 (P < 0.01) and HSD13 (P < 0.01). When systolic and diastolic BP were evaluated by ABPM, they were higher at HSD13 during the 24-h period (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01) and during the wakefulness period (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01) compared to the UD. Total cholesterol was higher (P = 0.04) at HSD13 than at HSD1. Glucose and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were lower at HSD1 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01) than at HSD13. Concluding, the extension of HSD did not change the SS in an elderly group. The higher IS found at HSD1 did not persist after a longer HSD. A chronic HSD increased BP as assessed by ABPM.

Research paper thumbnail of Percepção subjetiva do esforço em testes de carga máxima em octogenários

Research paper thumbnail of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício ENTRE PESO CORPORAL E A CARGA EM DIFERENTES FAIXAS ETÁRIAS DE IDOSAS NO EXERCÍCIO LEG PRESS

ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P... more ISSN 1981-9900 versão eletrônica P e r i ó d i c o do I n s t i t u t o B r a s i l e i r o d e P e sq u i s a e E n si n o e m F i s i o l o gi a do E x e r c í c i o w w w. i b p e f e x. c o m. b r / w w w. r b p f e x. c o m. b r RELAÇÃO

Research paper thumbnail of Comparação Entre a Distância Predita e Obtida No Teste Decaminhada De 6 Minutos Em Idosos

Revista Brasileira De Fisioterapia, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Sleep quality and blood pressure in the elderly undergoing aerobic and resistance training

Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Relação entre peso corporal e a carga em diferentes faixas etárias de idosas no exercício Leg Press

Introducao: A incapacidade funcional aumenta o numero de doencas cronicas e reduz a autonomia no ... more Introducao: A incapacidade funcional aumenta o numero de doencas cronicas e reduz a autonomia no envelhecimento. O exercicio fisico (EF) promove melhora na capacidade funcional (CF) fisica e o treinamento resistido (TR) deve ser o preferido por aprimorar com excelencia a CF necessaria a realizacao das tarefas do dia-a-dia. O padrao ouro para prescricao do TR e o teste de uma repeticao maxima (1RM). A possibilidade de correlacionar o desempenho no teste de 1RM com variaveis antropometricas possibilitaria encontrar estimativas de 1RM, sendo util na escolha e classificacao da carga obtida no teste. Objetivo: avaliar o indice de forca muscular relativa (IFMR) para Leg Press em idosas de diferentes faixas etarias. Metodos: 49 idosas, 14 sexagenarias (64,36±2,8anos) com indice de massa corporal (IMC) de 27,6±4,2 Kg/m 2 , 10 setuagenarias (72,8±2,2 anos) com IMC de 27,3±4,8 Kg/m 2 e 25 octogenarias 83,16±3,3 anos e IMC de 25,6±4,2 Kg/m 2 foram submetidas ao teste de 1RM e o valor do IFMR f...

Research paper thumbnail of Associação Do Desempenho Funcional e Da Força Muscular Em Idosos De Uma Comunidade

Revista Brasileira De Fisioterapia, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Quality of life in elderly hypertensive patients: effect of exercise training

Research paper thumbnail of Combined aerobic and resistance training: are there additional benefits for older hypertensive adults?

Clinics, 2017

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance... more The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance training to those of isolated aerobic training on blood pressure, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive older adults. METHOD: Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to the aerobic group, resistance and aerobic group, and control group. Before and after 10 weeks, the following data were obtained: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure data, abdominal circumference, waist circumference, body mass index, lean mass, fat mass, and insulin sensitivity. The study was conducted with 3 training sessions per week. RESULTS: Comparison revealed significant reductions in the body mass index, abdominal and waist circumferences, and ambulatory blood pressure (24-hour, wakefulness and sleep systolic/diastolic blood pressures) in both the aerobic group and the resistance and aerobic (combined) group. The fat mass only changed in the combined group. There was no difference in the insulin sensitivity in any group. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment and aerobic treatment alone were equally effective in reducing the blood pressure, body mass index, and abdominal and waist circumferences, although the addition of the resistance component also helped reduce the fat mass.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of different types of exercise on sleep quality of elderly subjects

Sleep Medicine, 2016

Objective/background: There are still many gaps i n r e s e a r c h concerning the effect of diff... more Objective/background: There are still many gaps i n r e s e a r c h concerning the effect of different physical training modalities on sleep quality in the elderly population. Thus, the objective of the present study was to compare the quality of sleep of hypertensive elderly subjects submitted to two types of training, (ie, aerobic exercise alone or combined aerobic and resistance training). Patients/Methods: Participants aged 60 to 75 years were randomized to three groups: aerobic group (AG), combined aerobic and resistance group (ARG), and control untrained group (CG). Training lasted 10 consecutive weeks with 30 uninterrupted sessions. The actigraph (Actiwatch Minimitter Company, INC-Sunriver, OR, USA) was placed on the non-dominant wrist and activities were monitored continuously while being recorded at one minute intervals. The participants kept the device for a period of 96 hours before the first and last training sessions. Results: There was a reduction of sleep fragmentation index of 18.9 for AG and 13 for ARG (p ˂0.01) and the sleep efficacy was improved in the exercise groups, with a 5.6% increase for AG (p=0.02) and a 6.1% increase for ARG (p=0.01). After training, percentage of minutes motionless was increased by 8.2% for AG and by 6.9% for ARG (p˂0.01), indicating improved sleep quality. A reduction in total activity score during sleep was observed for AG and ARG (p˂0.01). Conclusions: The two types of exercise performed for 10 weeks similarly improved sleep quality, thus reducing the fragmentation index, the percentage of minutes in motion and total activity score, and increasing sleep efficacy.

Research paper thumbnail of One repetition maximum test in octogenarian: evaluation of blood pressure

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, Jan 31, 2016

The gold standard for resistance training prescription is the one repetition maximum strengthtest... more The gold standard for resistance training prescription is the one repetition maximum strengthtest (1RM). However, there are fears that, by making maximum effort, octogenarian may elevate their blood pressure (BP). Forty subjects (25 women) aged 83.3 ± 3.2 years underwent two days of office BP measurements (V1 and V2). On the 1RM test day, measurements were performed before (BASAL) and after (POST) test. 1RM tests were performed in the Seated Chest Press (SCP), Leg Press (LP) and Seated Back Row (SBR), with BP measurements immediately after (1RM) and one minute after(1RM(1')) each exercise. Maximum systolic BP (SBP) in the SCP was 137 mmHg in 1RM, with no difference compared to V1 (p=0.29). In LP, maximum SBP was 143 mmHg in 1RM(1'), but BP came down quickly, with SBP in POST equal to V1 (p=0.95). There were differences over time in SBR (p <0.01), but SBP in 1RM and in 1RM(1') was similar to V1 (p=0.20). There was a small difference in diastolic BP over time. There was...

Research paper thumbnail of Blood pressure of employees undergoing aerobic training during working hours

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2015

Relaxation treatment in hypertensive: blood pressure lowering depends on anti-hypertensive medica... more Relaxation treatment in hypertensive: blood pressure lowering depends on anti-hypertensive medication status Kimberly C. Blom, Brian Baker, Alex Kiss, Tavis Campbell, Susan Abbey, Milena Gosk, Nancy J. Perkins, Sheldon W. Tobe. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Sunnybrook Hospital University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Hospital University of Toronto and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Western University, London, ON, Canada

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of aerobic training and aerobic and resistance training on the inflammatory status of hypertensive older adults

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2015

There is a relationship between high levels of inflammatory markers and low adhesion to the pract... more There is a relationship between high levels of inflammatory markers and low adhesion to the practice of physical activity in the older population. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of two types of exercise programs, i.e., aerobic training and aerobic plus resistance training on the plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) of elderly hypertensive subjects. Hypertensive older volunteers in use of antihypertensive drugs were randomized to three groups: aerobic group (AG), resistance and aerobic group (RAG) and control group (CG). Training lasted 10 weeks, with sessions held three times a week. Blood samples were collected before training and 24 h after completion of the 30 sessions for the determination of serum IL-6 and TNF-a levels. Body mass index was obtained before and after 10 weeks. After intervention, BMI values were lower in AG and RAG compared to CG (p \ 0.001), IL-6 was reduced in AG compared to CG (p = 0.04), and TNF-a levels were lower only in RAG compared to CG (p = 0.01). Concluding, both types of training were effective in reducing BMI values in hypertensive older subjects. Aerobic exercise produced the reduction of plasma IL-6 levels. However, the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise, which would be more indicated for the prevention of loss of functionality with aging, showed lower TNF-a mediator after training than control group and a greater fall of TNF-a levels associated to higher BMI reduction.

Research paper thumbnail of Aspectos controversos no tratamento da hipertensão no idoso: fragilidade, distúrbios cognitivos e octogenários Controversial aspects of the hypertension treatment in the elderly: frailty, cognitive disorders and octogenarians

RESUMO Existem aspectos ainda controversos no tratamento da hipertensão arterial de idosos, entre... more RESUMO Existem aspectos ainda controversos no tratamento da hipertensão arterial de idosos, entre eles a abordagem do idoso frágil e do indivíduo com risco de demência ou dementado, além dos octogenários. O diagnóstico e o tratamento da hipertensão, bem como o adequado controle de outros fatores de risco cardiovascular, fazem parte da prevenção da síndrome da fragilidade. Por outro lado, verifica-se a elevação da mortalidade nos idosos com pressão arterial mais baixa, quando há fragilidade intensa ou doenças debilitantes. Há ainda vários aspectos a serem estudados em relação à associação entre o tra- tamento e a redução do declínio cognitivo ou a incidência de demência, bem como na redução da velocidade de progressão do declínio, mas os resultados dos estudos até o momento parecem indicar benefícios. Na população octogenária e nonagenária, o tratamento da hipertensão ainda apresenta aspectos não totalmente definidos, havendo uma tendência ao aumento da mortalidade geral ao lado da m...

Research paper thumbnail of Medical outcomes short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire in elderly hypertensive patients: effect of exercise training

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of an exercise program on blood pressure, body mass index and abdominal circumference in elderly hypertensive patients

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2014

The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto-Univers... more The study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto-University of S~ao Paulo Brazil. Objectives: To investigate and compare the effects of ten weeks of isolated aerobic and aerobic exercise associated with resistance exercise in blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC) older individuals with treated hypertension. Methods: 90 elderly volunteers aged from 65 to 75 years, on regular use of antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or calcium channel blockers (diidropiridinic)) were selected. We excluded those with diabetes, BP greater than 160/100 mmHg, use of medications beta-blockers, obese grade II and III. Of the 90 seniors, 44 were able to perform the study protocols. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups : G1 (aerobic training, n 1⁄4 15 ), G2 ( aerobic training with anaerobic, n 1⁄4 15 ) and G3 (control, n 1⁄4 14 ). The aerobic sessions were held three times per week at intensity between 50% to 80% of maximum heart rate obtained by the maximum exercise test. The maximum load work was calculated by one-repetition maximum (1RM) and they exercised at 50 to 60% of 1RM. The ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM Space Labs Medical , 90207 ) was installed in the left arm, lasting for 24 hours, in before and after 10 weeks. The measurements of weight, height and abdominal circumference before and after training were also obtained. Statistics: We used the linear regression model with mixed effects and the Pearson correlation test. Results: Mean age was 68.5 5.1 years, with no diferences between groups (p 1⁄4 0:44), with a predominance of women (84 %) in the three groups (p 1⁄4 0:32 ). After 10 weeks of training, systolic BP (SBP) was reduced of 4.2 mmHg and 7.7 mmHg for G1 and G2, respectively. G3 had an increase of 5.7 mmHg during the 10 weeks. . Basal diastolic BP (DBP) was 75.4 mmHg in G1 , 75.8 mmHg in G2 and 72.8 mmHg in G3 , modifying these values to 72 mmHg, 72 mmHg and 73.7 mmHg, respectively. BMI values were reduced in G1 (p1⁄40.01) , G2 (p1⁄40.01) and increased in G3 (p1⁄40.01). Similarly, measures the abdominal circumference decreased in G1 (p <0.01) and G2 (p < 0.01), while the values of G3 tended to increase at the end of observation (p1⁄40.07). BMI values were correlated with: SBP 24 (p < 0.01, rho 0.6); waking SBP (p<0.001, rho 0.7) ;sleep SBP (p<0.001, rho 0.6 ); DBP 24 (p1⁄40.001; rho 0.47), DBP wake / sleep (p<0.001; 0:56 rho / p1⁄40.001, rho 0:45 ) and fat mass (p<.001, rho 0.74) . Conclusion: Ten weeks of isolated aerobic training and combined aerobic and resistance training were equally effective in reducing BP, in decreased abdominal circumference and body mass index. The weight loss achieved with the training may have influenced the drop in blood pressure.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of blood pressure at different moments in the one-repetition maximum test in octogenarian individuals

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a single session of aerobic walking exercise on arterial pressure in community-living elderly individuals

Hypertension Research, 2012

Several studies have demonstrated that one exercise session (ES) on a cycloergometer or ergometri... more Several studies have demonstrated that one exercise session (ES) on a cycloergometer or ergometric treadmill causes a reduction in blood pressure (BP). However, there are few similar studies on walking, which is the exercise modality most available to the elderly. We investigated the immediate and 24-h effects of walking on BP in independent, community-living elderly individuals. Volunteers participated in a single ES and resting control session (CS). Before and after each session, BP was measured by auscultatory and oscillometric methods. After each session, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted. An accelerometer was installed 48 h before the sessions and left in place for 5 days. The mean volunteer age was 67.7 ± 3.5 years; 11 were hypertensive patients under treatment, and 12 were normotensive. In the total sample, there were immediate 14mm Hg and 12 mm Hg reductions in systolic BP (SBP) after the ES according to the auscultatory and oscillometric methods, respectively. Diastolic BP (DBP) was reduced by 4 mm Hg after the ES according to both methods. SBP during wakefulness and sleep and DBP during wakefulness were lower after the ES than after the CS (Po0.01), when wakefulness and sleep were determined individually (variable-time pattern) using data from the activity monitors and provided by the volunteers. The variable-time pattern was more effective in detecting reductions in BP than the fixed-time pattern.

Research paper thumbnail of Salt and insulin sensitivity after short and prolonged high salt intake in elderly subjects

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2009

Salt sensitivity and insulin resistance are correlated with higher cardiovascular risk. There is ... more Salt sensitivity and insulin resistance are correlated with higher cardiovascular risk. There is no information about changes in salt sensitivity (SS) and insulin sensitivity (IS) after a chronic salt overload in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate these parameters in the elderly. Seventeen volunteers aged 70.5 ± 5.9 years followed a low-salt diet (LSD) for 1 week and a high-salt diet (HSD) for 13 weeks. We evaluated SS after one week (HSD1) and after 13 weeks (HSD13), and subjects' IS and lipids on their usual diet (UD) at HSD1, and at HSD13. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at each visit and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed twice. SS was the same at HSD1 and HSD13. Systolic BP was lower on LSD than on UD (P = 0.01), HSD1 (P < 0.01) and HSD13 (P < 0.01). When systolic and diastolic BP were evaluated by ABPM, they were higher at HSD13 during the 24-h period (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01) and during the wakefulness period (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01) compared to the UD. Total cholesterol was higher (P = 0.04) at HSD13 than at HSD1. Glucose and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were lower at HSD1 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01) than at HSD13. Concluding, the extension of HSD did not change the SS in an elderly group. The higher IS found at HSD1 did not persist after a longer HSD. A chronic HSD increased BP as assessed by ABPM.