Leif Kullman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Leif Kullman

Research paper thumbnail of Subalpine ”pinification”: Early signs of a pending and distinct biogeographic shift in the Swedish Scandes: Review and updates

International Journal of Science and Research Archive, Nov 29, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Transformation of alpine and subalpine vegetation in a potentially warmer future, the Anthropocene era. Tentative projections based on long-term observations and paleovegetation records

Abstract Predicted global warming as a consequence of rising atmospheric concentrations of greenh... more Abstract Predicted global warming as a consequence of rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases is anticipated to force reorganization of alpinoboreal ecosystems. On these premises, the objective of this paper is to make tentative projections of subalpine/ ...

Research paper thumbnail of Computerized registration of epidemiological data from intraoral radiographs

PubMed, 1985

Software was developed for graphic registration of epidemiological dental data from intraoral rad... more Software was developed for graphic registration of epidemiological dental data from intraoral radiographs. The measured variables included marginal bone level in relation to tooth and root length as well as proximal caries and restoration areas. Caries and peridontitis progress nowadays slowly in large populations. Registration methods must, therefore, offer high precision. The hard and software were first tested. After that the method's reliability or precision was studied. The precision of measuring marginal bone level as a per cent of total tooth or root length was found to vary between 0.3-4.3. The corresponding precision of measuring a caries area in relation to the whole crown area was 1.4%. Precision was also divided into its components and analysed in more detail. All registered tooth variables except the angle between the proximal marginal bone and the root surface gave satisfactory results indicating good reliability.

Research paper thumbnail of International co-operation in a dental identification

PubMed, Jun 1, 1992

A case of international identification of an unknown male, where the teeth were essential in esta... more A case of international identification of an unknown male, where the teeth were essential in establishing identity is described. A noteworthy aspect of the procedure was the teamwork between the police and other authorities, and the forensic odontologist and medical examiners in Albania and Sweden. In Albania a forensic medical examiner handled the dental examination, since forensic odontology is not yet acknowledged. The importance of having dental and medical ante-mortem registers for missing persons in every country is stressed. This is best administered in co-operation with the police authorities.

Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for dental radiography immediately after a dento-alveolar trauma, a systematic literature review

Dental Traumatology, Dec 12, 2011

– The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific pap... more – The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific papers, guidelines, and recommendations in dental literature regarding which radiographs should be prescribed after a dento‐alveolar trauma. We know from earlier that guidelines and recommendations are available in general in dental traumatology. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has earlier developed guidelines for the management of dental trauma cases in general. There are also recommendations about useful intraoral radiographic methods when caries and periodontal disease are studied. An additional objective was to provide some guidelines for general practitioners about the most accurate radiographic examination immediately after a dento‐alveolar trauma using intraoral radiographs or a common extraoral imaging method. Because radiographs are an important diagnostic tool for establishing a correct differential diagnosis after a trauma, radiographic guidelines and recommendations are of importance to be able to start the correct treatment. PubMed Central, Cochrane and World Wide Web were searched and the identified existing guidelines for different intraoral radiographic methods in dentistry were analyzed and found to be very few. Those that were identified were in general not so detailed and specific. In conclusion, we found an explicit need for more detailed guidelines regarding which intraoral and other dental radiographs should be prescribed initially in dental traumatology.

Research paper thumbnail of Ecological Change in the Rockies

Journal of Biogeography, Sep 1, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of The Accuracy of Measuring Tooth Lengths from Intraoral Radiographs using Computerized Registration

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Jun 1, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Radiographic Evaluation of Third Mandibular Molar Development as an Age Indicator in a Swedish Population

Madridge Journal of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of stoichiometry on electrochromic cerium-titanium oxide compounds

Research paper thumbnail of Value of the frontal sinus in identification of unknown persons

The Journal of forensic odonto-stomatology, 1990

The reliability of comparing ante- and post-mortem radiographs of the frontal sinus as an identif... more The reliability of comparing ante- and post-mortem radiographs of the frontal sinus as an identification medium for unknown corpses was tested by means of two radiographs each of 99 individuals. Three independent observers attempted to blind match each pair of radiographs. The results were almost 100% successful and showed that the radiographic image of the frontal sinus, even with varying beam angulation and radiological inexperience of observer is an effective identification medium.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy and precision in some dental radiographic methods. A methodological study with special considerations in age estimation in juveniles

Swedish dental journal. Supplement, 1995

A computer method enabling metric measuring in radiographs has been presented. The measurements a... more A computer method enabling metric measuring in radiographs has been presented. The measurements are time saving and precise and accurate measurements can be made. The statistical analysis can be performed based on a ratio scale, allowing more reliable and conclusive statistics. The most useful field for the presented method is offered in epidemiology where great materials are being handled. Since small changes can be studied, the method can be useful in studying marginal bone level changes in large populations. Or marginal bone levels around implants. In age estimation the digitizer method has no direct valuable application during adolescence, when the lower third molar is used. Here the present series of studies showed the traditional age estimation method and the digitizer method to be fairly unprecise with rather large systematic error. The skeletal age estimation method according to Greulich and Pyle was found to be more accurate and useful during the ages 14 up to 18 years. In ...

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochromic devices embodying W oxide/Ni oxide tandem films

Journal of Applied Physics, 2001

Six-layer electrochromic devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOxHy/WO3/ZrP-electrolyte/WO3/ITO wer... more Six-layer electrochromic devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOxHy/WO3/ZrP-electrolyte/WO3/ITO were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and lamination. The WO3 layer between the acidic ZrP-based electrolyte and the NiOxHy layer served as optically passive protective layer. The optical inactivity of the protective layer could be understood from arguments based on electron density of states.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of two dental and one skeletal age estimation method in Swedish adolescents

Forensic Science International, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for dental radiography immediately after a dento‐alveolar trauma, a systematic literature review

Dental Traumatology, 2011

– The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific pap... more – The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific papers, guidelines, and recommendations in dental literature regarding which radiographs should be prescribed after a dento‐alveolar trauma. We know from earlier that guidelines and recommendations are available in general in dental traumatology. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has earlier developed guidelines for the management of dental trauma cases in general. There are also recommendations about useful intraoral radiographic methods when caries and periodontal disease are studied. An additional objective was to provide some guidelines for general practitioners about the most accurate radiographic examination immediately after a dento‐alveolar trauma using intraoral radiographs or a common extraoral imaging method. Because radiographs are an important diagnostic tool for establishing a correct differential diagnosis after a trauma, radiographic guidelines and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of single‐tooth restorations on ITI dental implants. A prospective study of 29 patients

Clinical Oral Implants Research, 1999

From January 1992 to March 1997, a total of 30 ITI hollow cylinder implants were installed to rep... more From January 1992 to March 1997, a total of 30 ITI hollow cylinder implants were installed to replace lost single maxillary incisor teeth. Conical abutments with cemented all‐ceramic crowns were used in 10 cases and the Octa‐abutment with screw‐retained metallo‐ceramic crowns in 19 cases. One implant failed due to postoperative infection, and was extracted a month after installation. After a mean observation time of 3.4 years, the cumulative success rate is 96.7%. Only minor bone loss has occurred around the implants, and there have been no other complications to date. The implant system fulfills the requirements for good function 1 and esthetics.

Research paper thumbnail of Early Holocene presence of Norway spruce (Picea abies) on a high mountain nunatak in the Swedish Scandes: A further contribution to the biotic composition of the first deglaciated landscape and a link between past and present

International Journal of Science and Research Archive

A megafossil wood remnant of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was retrieved from a high-el... more A megafossil wood remnant of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was retrieved from a high-elevation nunatak in the southern Swedish Scandes. The site was nearly 600 m higher than the present-day treeline. These circumstances comply with analogous earlier recoveries, indicating presence of spruce at high elevations in the Scandes, several thousands of years prior to inferences made by pollen analysis. Radiocarbon-dating yielded a median age of 9300 cal a BP. This result adds firm detail and adheres to ongoing reappraisal of the structure and biodiversity of the late-glacial and early Holocene mountain landscape, in the light of growing megafossil and molecular genetic evidence.

Research paper thumbnail of A Recent and Distinct Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Reproduction Upsurge at the Treeline in the Swedish Scandes

International Journal of Research in Geography, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Tree-limit landscape evolution at the southern fringe of the Swedish Scandes (Dalarna province)–Holocene and 20th century perspectives

Fennia-International Journal of Geography, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of When the oak was a mountain tree

Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Tree-limit landscape evolution at the southern fringe of the Swedish Scandes (Dalarna province) – Holocene and 20th century perspectives

Fennia: International Journal of Geography, Feb 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Subalpine ”pinification”: Early signs of a pending and distinct biogeographic shift in the Swedish Scandes: Review and updates

International Journal of Science and Research Archive, Nov 29, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Transformation of alpine and subalpine vegetation in a potentially warmer future, the Anthropocene era. Tentative projections based on long-term observations and paleovegetation records

Abstract Predicted global warming as a consequence of rising atmospheric concentrations of greenh... more Abstract Predicted global warming as a consequence of rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases is anticipated to force reorganization of alpinoboreal ecosystems. On these premises, the objective of this paper is to make tentative projections of subalpine/ ...

Research paper thumbnail of Computerized registration of epidemiological data from intraoral radiographs

PubMed, 1985

Software was developed for graphic registration of epidemiological dental data from intraoral rad... more Software was developed for graphic registration of epidemiological dental data from intraoral radiographs. The measured variables included marginal bone level in relation to tooth and root length as well as proximal caries and restoration areas. Caries and peridontitis progress nowadays slowly in large populations. Registration methods must, therefore, offer high precision. The hard and software were first tested. After that the method's reliability or precision was studied. The precision of measuring marginal bone level as a per cent of total tooth or root length was found to vary between 0.3-4.3. The corresponding precision of measuring a caries area in relation to the whole crown area was 1.4%. Precision was also divided into its components and analysed in more detail. All registered tooth variables except the angle between the proximal marginal bone and the root surface gave satisfactory results indicating good reliability.

Research paper thumbnail of International co-operation in a dental identification

PubMed, Jun 1, 1992

A case of international identification of an unknown male, where the teeth were essential in esta... more A case of international identification of an unknown male, where the teeth were essential in establishing identity is described. A noteworthy aspect of the procedure was the teamwork between the police and other authorities, and the forensic odontologist and medical examiners in Albania and Sweden. In Albania a forensic medical examiner handled the dental examination, since forensic odontology is not yet acknowledged. The importance of having dental and medical ante-mortem registers for missing persons in every country is stressed. This is best administered in co-operation with the police authorities.

Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for dental radiography immediately after a dento-alveolar trauma, a systematic literature review

Dental Traumatology, Dec 12, 2011

– The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific pap... more – The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific papers, guidelines, and recommendations in dental literature regarding which radiographs should be prescribed after a dento‐alveolar trauma. We know from earlier that guidelines and recommendations are available in general in dental traumatology. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has earlier developed guidelines for the management of dental trauma cases in general. There are also recommendations about useful intraoral radiographic methods when caries and periodontal disease are studied. An additional objective was to provide some guidelines for general practitioners about the most accurate radiographic examination immediately after a dento‐alveolar trauma using intraoral radiographs or a common extraoral imaging method. Because radiographs are an important diagnostic tool for establishing a correct differential diagnosis after a trauma, radiographic guidelines and recommendations are of importance to be able to start the correct treatment. PubMed Central, Cochrane and World Wide Web were searched and the identified existing guidelines for different intraoral radiographic methods in dentistry were analyzed and found to be very few. Those that were identified were in general not so detailed and specific. In conclusion, we found an explicit need for more detailed guidelines regarding which intraoral and other dental radiographs should be prescribed initially in dental traumatology.

Research paper thumbnail of Ecological Change in the Rockies

Journal of Biogeography, Sep 1, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of The Accuracy of Measuring Tooth Lengths from Intraoral Radiographs using Computerized Registration

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Jun 1, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Radiographic Evaluation of Third Mandibular Molar Development as an Age Indicator in a Swedish Population

Madridge Journal of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of stoichiometry on electrochromic cerium-titanium oxide compounds

Research paper thumbnail of Value of the frontal sinus in identification of unknown persons

The Journal of forensic odonto-stomatology, 1990

The reliability of comparing ante- and post-mortem radiographs of the frontal sinus as an identif... more The reliability of comparing ante- and post-mortem radiographs of the frontal sinus as an identification medium for unknown corpses was tested by means of two radiographs each of 99 individuals. Three independent observers attempted to blind match each pair of radiographs. The results were almost 100% successful and showed that the radiographic image of the frontal sinus, even with varying beam angulation and radiological inexperience of observer is an effective identification medium.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy and precision in some dental radiographic methods. A methodological study with special considerations in age estimation in juveniles

Swedish dental journal. Supplement, 1995

A computer method enabling metric measuring in radiographs has been presented. The measurements a... more A computer method enabling metric measuring in radiographs has been presented. The measurements are time saving and precise and accurate measurements can be made. The statistical analysis can be performed based on a ratio scale, allowing more reliable and conclusive statistics. The most useful field for the presented method is offered in epidemiology where great materials are being handled. Since small changes can be studied, the method can be useful in studying marginal bone level changes in large populations. Or marginal bone levels around implants. In age estimation the digitizer method has no direct valuable application during adolescence, when the lower third molar is used. Here the present series of studies showed the traditional age estimation method and the digitizer method to be fairly unprecise with rather large systematic error. The skeletal age estimation method according to Greulich and Pyle was found to be more accurate and useful during the ages 14 up to 18 years. In ...

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochromic devices embodying W oxide/Ni oxide tandem films

Journal of Applied Physics, 2001

Six-layer electrochromic devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOxHy/WO3/ZrP-electrolyte/WO3/ITO wer... more Six-layer electrochromic devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOxHy/WO3/ZrP-electrolyte/WO3/ITO were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and lamination. The WO3 layer between the acidic ZrP-based electrolyte and the NiOxHy layer served as optically passive protective layer. The optical inactivity of the protective layer could be understood from arguments based on electron density of states.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of two dental and one skeletal age estimation method in Swedish adolescents

Forensic Science International, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for dental radiography immediately after a dento‐alveolar trauma, a systematic literature review

Dental Traumatology, 2011

– The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific pap... more – The objective with this study was to search for and to analyze the presence of scientific papers, guidelines, and recommendations in dental literature regarding which radiographs should be prescribed after a dento‐alveolar trauma. We know from earlier that guidelines and recommendations are available in general in dental traumatology. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has earlier developed guidelines for the management of dental trauma cases in general. There are also recommendations about useful intraoral radiographic methods when caries and periodontal disease are studied. An additional objective was to provide some guidelines for general practitioners about the most accurate radiographic examination immediately after a dento‐alveolar trauma using intraoral radiographs or a common extraoral imaging method. Because radiographs are an important diagnostic tool for establishing a correct differential diagnosis after a trauma, radiographic guidelines and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of single‐tooth restorations on ITI dental implants. A prospective study of 29 patients

Clinical Oral Implants Research, 1999

From January 1992 to March 1997, a total of 30 ITI hollow cylinder implants were installed to rep... more From January 1992 to March 1997, a total of 30 ITI hollow cylinder implants were installed to replace lost single maxillary incisor teeth. Conical abutments with cemented all‐ceramic crowns were used in 10 cases and the Octa‐abutment with screw‐retained metallo‐ceramic crowns in 19 cases. One implant failed due to postoperative infection, and was extracted a month after installation. After a mean observation time of 3.4 years, the cumulative success rate is 96.7%. Only minor bone loss has occurred around the implants, and there have been no other complications to date. The implant system fulfills the requirements for good function 1 and esthetics.

Research paper thumbnail of Early Holocene presence of Norway spruce (Picea abies) on a high mountain nunatak in the Swedish Scandes: A further contribution to the biotic composition of the first deglaciated landscape and a link between past and present

International Journal of Science and Research Archive

A megafossil wood remnant of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was retrieved from a high-el... more A megafossil wood remnant of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was retrieved from a high-elevation nunatak in the southern Swedish Scandes. The site was nearly 600 m higher than the present-day treeline. These circumstances comply with analogous earlier recoveries, indicating presence of spruce at high elevations in the Scandes, several thousands of years prior to inferences made by pollen analysis. Radiocarbon-dating yielded a median age of 9300 cal a BP. This result adds firm detail and adheres to ongoing reappraisal of the structure and biodiversity of the late-glacial and early Holocene mountain landscape, in the light of growing megafossil and molecular genetic evidence.

Research paper thumbnail of A Recent and Distinct Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Reproduction Upsurge at the Treeline in the Swedish Scandes

International Journal of Research in Geography, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Tree-limit landscape evolution at the southern fringe of the Swedish Scandes (Dalarna province)–Holocene and 20th century perspectives

Fennia-International Journal of Geography, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of When the oak was a mountain tree

Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Tree-limit landscape evolution at the southern fringe of the Swedish Scandes (Dalarna province) – Holocene and 20th century perspectives

Fennia: International Journal of Geography, Feb 1, 2004