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Papers by Lelde Vilkriste

Research paper thumbnail of Policy And Economic Aspects Of Forest Energy Utilisation

Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Fores... more Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Forest biomass used for energy purposes must be able to compete with other uses of the biomass, and at the same time the energy produced from biomass must be as cheap as or cheaper than energy produced from competing energy systems. The costs in these calculations are changing all the time; in particular the cost of fossil fuels shows large variations. As the risk is high and the economic margins in many cases are low, there is a tendency that investors are reluctant to invest in bioenergy projects. On the other hand, prices of wood based fuels have been rising modestly compared with e.g. oil and gas, which reduces the economic risk when investing in a bioenergy project (Metla 2006, Kåberger 1997). In addition, there are many socioeconomic benefits to bioenergy projects that in many cases are not accounted for in the market prices, which is a strong argument for economic support of bionenergy projects. Bioenergy projects contribute to many important elements of national and regional economic development: economic growth through production and business expansion (earnings), employment, import substitution (direct and indirect on the trade balance), security and diversificaton of energy supply (distributed energy) (see e.g. Hillring 2002). Other benefits include strengthening of traditional industries and rural communities (Borsboom et al. 2002).

Research paper thumbnail of Sustainable utilisation of forest biomass for energy—Possibilities and problems: Policy, legislation, certification, and recommendations and guidelines in the Nordic, Baltic, and other European countries

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2007

The substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate globa... more The substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate global warming, as well as having other advantages. Political action plans for increased use exist at both European and national levels. This paper briefly reviews the contents of recommendations, guidelines, and other synthesis publications on sustainable use of forest biomass for energy. Topics are listed and an overview of advantages, disadvantages, and trade-offs between them is given, from the viewpoint of society in general and the forestry and energy sectors in particular. For the Nordic and Baltic countries, the paper also identifies the extent to which wood for energy is included in forest legislation and forest certification standards under the ''Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification'' (PEFC) and the ''Forest Stewardship Council'' (FSC) schemes. Energy and forest policies at EU and national levels, and European PEFC forest standards are analysed. With respect to energy policies, the utilisation of wood for energy is generally supported in forest policies, but forest legislation is seldom used as a direct tool to encourage the utilisation of wood for energy. Regulations sometimes restrict use for environmental reasons. Forest certification standards include indicators directly related to the utilisation of wood for www.elsevier.com/locate/biombioe 0961-9534/$ -see front matter r

Research paper thumbnail of Defining Peer-to-peer Learning – from an Old ‘Art of Practice’ to a New Mode of Forest Owner Extension?

The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Forest-Sector Concerns in the Baltic States: Implications for an Expanded European Union

Society & Natural Resources, 2005

European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and... more European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and new member states. In recognition of the importance of integrating national forest policies with relevant EU strategies, this study examines the forest policy networks in countries with economies in transition, and more specifically, identifies issues of concern in the forest sectors of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (the Baltic States).

Research paper thumbnail of Forest policy networks in changing political systems: Case study of the Baltic states

Journal of Baltic Studies, 2004

... Marius Lazdinis, Law University of Lithuania Andrew Carver, Southern Illinois University Lars... more ... Marius Lazdinis, Law University of Lithuania Andrew Carver, Southern Illinois University Lars Carlsson, Lule~ University of Technology Kristjan TSnisson, Tartu Lelde ... is made up of formal as well as informal rules, norms and value systems (Mayers and Bass 1998, Larsen et al. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Policy And Economic Aspects Of Forest Energy Utilisation

Managing Forest Ecosystems, 2008

Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Fores... more Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Forest biomass used for energy purposes must be able to compete with other uses of the biomass, and at the same time the energy produced from biomass must be as cheap as or cheaper than energy produced from competing energy systems. The costs in these calculations

Research paper thumbnail of Forest-Sector Concerns in the Baltic States: Implications for an Expanded European Union

Society & Natural Resources, 2005

European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and... more European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and new member states. In recognition of the importance of integrating national forest policies with relevant EU strategies, this study examines the forest policy networks in countries with economies in transition, and more specifically, identifies issues of concern in the forest sectors of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (the Baltic States).

Research paper thumbnail of Defining Peer-to-peer Learning – from an Old ‘Art of Practice’ to a New Mode of Forest Owner Extension?

The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Policy And Economic Aspects Of Forest Energy Utilisation

Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Fores... more Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Forest biomass used for energy purposes must be able to compete with other uses of the biomass, and at the same time the energy produced from biomass must be as cheap as or cheaper than energy produced from competing energy systems. The costs in these calculations are changing all the time; in particular the cost of fossil fuels shows large variations. As the risk is high and the economic margins in many cases are low, there is a tendency that investors are reluctant to invest in bioenergy projects. On the other hand, prices of wood based fuels have been rising modestly compared with e.g. oil and gas, which reduces the economic risk when investing in a bioenergy project (Metla 2006, Kåberger 1997). In addition, there are many socioeconomic benefits to bioenergy projects that in many cases are not accounted for in the market prices, which is a strong argument for economic support of bionenergy projects. Bioenergy projects contribute to many important elements of national and regional economic development: economic growth through production and business expansion (earnings), employment, import substitution (direct and indirect on the trade balance), security and diversificaton of energy supply (distributed energy) (see e.g. Hillring 2002). Other benefits include strengthening of traditional industries and rural communities (Borsboom et al. 2002).

Research paper thumbnail of Sustainable utilisation of forest biomass for energy—Possibilities and problems: Policy, legislation, certification, and recommendations and guidelines in the Nordic, Baltic, and other European countries

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2007

The substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate globa... more The substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate global warming, as well as having other advantages. Political action plans for increased use exist at both European and national levels. This paper briefly reviews the contents of recommendations, guidelines, and other synthesis publications on sustainable use of forest biomass for energy. Topics are listed and an overview of advantages, disadvantages, and trade-offs between them is given, from the viewpoint of society in general and the forestry and energy sectors in particular. For the Nordic and Baltic countries, the paper also identifies the extent to which wood for energy is included in forest legislation and forest certification standards under the ''Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification'' (PEFC) and the ''Forest Stewardship Council'' (FSC) schemes. Energy and forest policies at EU and national levels, and European PEFC forest standards are analysed. With respect to energy policies, the utilisation of wood for energy is generally supported in forest policies, but forest legislation is seldom used as a direct tool to encourage the utilisation of wood for energy. Regulations sometimes restrict use for environmental reasons. Forest certification standards include indicators directly related to the utilisation of wood for www.elsevier.com/locate/biombioe 0961-9534/$ -see front matter r

Research paper thumbnail of Defining Peer-to-peer Learning – from an Old ‘Art of Practice’ to a New Mode of Forest Owner Extension?

The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Forest-Sector Concerns in the Baltic States: Implications for an Expanded European Union

Society & Natural Resources, 2005

European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and... more European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and new member states. In recognition of the importance of integrating national forest policies with relevant EU strategies, this study examines the forest policy networks in countries with economies in transition, and more specifically, identifies issues of concern in the forest sectors of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (the Baltic States).

Research paper thumbnail of Forest policy networks in changing political systems: Case study of the Baltic states

Journal of Baltic Studies, 2004

... Marius Lazdinis, Law University of Lithuania Andrew Carver, Southern Illinois University Lars... more ... Marius Lazdinis, Law University of Lithuania Andrew Carver, Southern Illinois University Lars Carlsson, Lule~ University of Technology Kristjan TSnisson, Tartu Lelde ... is made up of formal as well as informal rules, norms and value systems (Mayers and Bass 1998, Larsen et al. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Policy And Economic Aspects Of Forest Energy Utilisation

Managing Forest Ecosystems, 2008

Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Fores... more Bioenergy projects must be economically viable for the different actors in the value chain. Forest biomass used for energy purposes must be able to compete with other uses of the biomass, and at the same time the energy produced from biomass must be as cheap as or cheaper than energy produced from competing energy systems. The costs in these calculations

Research paper thumbnail of Forest-Sector Concerns in the Baltic States: Implications for an Expanded European Union

Society & Natural Resources, 2005

European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and... more European Union enlargement will create a significant impact on the forest sectors of both old and new member states. In recognition of the importance of integrating national forest policies with relevant EU strategies, this study examines the forest policy networks in countries with economies in transition, and more specifically, identifies issues of concern in the forest sectors of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (the Baltic States).

Research paper thumbnail of Defining Peer-to-peer Learning – from an Old ‘Art of Practice’ to a New Mode of Forest Owner Extension?

The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 2014