Paulo Leme - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Paulo Leme

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2002

RESUMO -Foram alimentados 36 tourinhos ¾ Europeu ¼ Zebu com dietas contendo 9, 15 e 21% de bagaço... more RESUMO -Foram alimentados 36 tourinhos ¾ Europeu ¼ Zebu com dietas contendo 9, 15 e 21% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura (BIN) na matéria seca. Os animais, com peso inicial de 257 kg, foram abatidos após 138 dias, com 435 kg de peso. Foram realizadas mensurações na carcaça e da composição física do corte das 9-10-11ª costelas. Amostras dos músculos Longissimus dorsi e Supraspinatus, maturadas durante 0, 7 e 14 dias, foram analisadas quanto à textura e cor. A quantidade de gordura renal e pélvica foi maior para os tratamentos 9 e 15% de BIN. Houve tendência para maior espessura de gordura subcutânea nos tratamentos 9 e 15% de BIN. Os diferentes níveis de fibra na dieta não alteraram a composição física e as características de carcaça, porém maior acúmulo de gordura nas regiões inguinal e pélvica foi observado em tratamentos com maior teor de concentrado. A textura objetiva (WB) apresentou diferença entre os três grupos de bifes maturados, nos dois músculos testados; o grupo com 14 dias de maturação foi mais macio que o tempo 7, e este, mais macio que o tempo 0. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os tratamentos nutricionais para a característica de cor, entretanto, houve efeito significativo para o período de maturação. A carne maturada (tempos 7 e 14) foi mais macia e brilhante, e suas cores, mais realçadas. A maturação teve grande impacto sobre a maciez em touros jovens produzindo carcaças de 230 kg e com 4 mm de espessura de gordura. Palavras-chave: bovinos jovens, características de carcaça, composição corporal, confinamento, níveis de fibra ABSTRACT -Thirty six ¾ European ¼ Zebu bulls were fed diets containing 9, 15 and 21% of the dry matter as sugar cane bagasse in natura (BIN). The animals, with initial body weight of 257 kg, were slaughtered with 435 kg, after 138 days on feed. Measurements in the carcass and the 9-10-11 th rib cut physical composition were taken. Samples of Longissimus dorsi and Supraspinatus muscles, aged 0, 7 and 14 days, were analyzed for texture and color. Renal, pelvic and inguinal fat was higher for treatments with 9 and 15% of BIN. There was a tendency for greater backfat thickness in the treatments with 9 and 15% of BIN. BIN level in the diets had no effect on physical composition or carcass characteristics. However, greater fat deposition in the inguinal and pelvic region was observed in treatments with greater energy. The objective texture (WB) was different with ageing in the two muscles, with greater tenderness after 14 days than after 7, or 0 day. No significant differences in meat color were observed due to the BIN levels, but affected this characteristic. The aged steaks (0 and 14 days) were more tender and brilliant and their colors enhanced. Results suggest aging has great benefits on tenderness in young intact males with carcasses of 230 kg and 4 mm of fat thickness.

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia, 2002

RESUMO -Avaliou-se a composição corporal de 42 tourinhos ¼ B. indicus x ¾ B. taurus, de raça pate... more RESUMO -Avaliou-se a composição corporal de 42 tourinhos ¼ B. indicus x ¾ B. taurus, de raça paterna Britânica (Shorthorn) ou Continental (Guelbvieh) com 9 meses e 243 kg de peso vazio inicial (PVzi). Destes, seis animais foram abatidos para obtenção da composição corporal inicial do lote. Os 36 animais restantes foram confinados com dietas contendo 9, 15 e 21% de bagaço de cana in natura (BIN) na MS. Não houve efeitos significativos da interação entre tipos raciais e níveis de fibra para as variáveis analisadas. O efeito do tipo racial não alterou a composição do ganho de peso vazio (GPVz), tendo os animais Britânicos apresentado 28,9% de gordura e 3,75 Mcal/kg, enquanto os animais Continentais apresentaram 28% de gordura e 3,67 Mcal/kg de GPVz. Os animais Britânicos apresentaram teores numéricos maiores de gordura e energia, apesar de apresentarem média de PVzi e ganho de peso vazio final (GPVzf) menores que os Continentais. O efeito de fibra não foi significativo, mas animais recebendo dietas com 15% de BIN apresentaram GPV numericamente maior (1,2 kg/d), que os animais que receberam 9% e 21% de BIN (1,1 kg/d). Os diferentes níveis de BIN não alteraram a composição do ganho, mas a composição do GPVz dos animais que receberam 15% de BIN apresentaram maiores teores numéricos de lipídeo e energia, 31% e 3,94 Mcal/kg de GPVz. Os animais submetidos aos tratamentos 9 e 21% de BIN apresentaram respectivamente, 28,6% e 25,7% de lipídeo e 3,72 e 3,46 Mcal/kg de GPVz. A composição do GPVz e as exigências líquidas de energia e proteína dos tourinhos ¾ europeus filhos de vacas Caracu x Nelore com touros Guelbvieh ou Shorthorn foram semelhantes às observadas para machos não castrados de tamanho corporal grande ou grau de estrutura corporal próximo a 8 na escala 1-9. Palavras-chave: bagaço de cana, bovinos de corte, composição corporal, concentrado, exigências nutricionais, níveis de fibras ABSTRACT -Body composition of 42 crossbreed bulls ¼ B. indicus x ¾ B. taurus of either Continental (Guelbvieh) or British (Shorthorn) paternal breed and Caracu x Nelore cows (9 months old and initial empty body weight of 243 kg), were evaluated. Six animals were slaughtered after the adaptation period to obtain the initial body composition. The other 36 animals were fed diets formulated with 9, 15 and 21% of sugar cane bagasse in natura (BIN) and concentrated. There were no significant interaction of genetic breed and level of BIN for any variable. There was no effect on paternal breed on the composition of empty body gain (EBG), with British animals with 28.9% lipid and 3.75 Mcal/kg and Continental animals 28.0% lipid and 3.67 Mcal/ kg in the EBG. British animals had numerically greater fat content in the gains despite the lower initial and final empty body weights. Animals receiving diets with 15% BIN had higher rates of empty body gain, 1.21 kg/d, while animals receiving 9 and 21%, gained 1.1 kg/d. Roughage level or breed did not alter final empty body composition, however, composition of the empty body gain of animals fed 15% BIN had higher lipid and energy content (31% and 3.94 Mcal/kg EBG) compared to the animals recieving 9 and 21% BIN diets (28.6 and 25.7% lipid; 3.72 and 3.46 Mcal/kg of EBG, respectively). These results can be explained by the fact that the animals were young intact males with low final body weights. Composition, of the EBG (net energy and protein requirements) of ¾ B. taurus F 2 crossbreed bulls from Caracu x Nelore cows were consistent with NRC equation for large frame bulls or frame score 8 in a 1-9 scale.

Substituicao do milho pela polpa de citros sobre a fermentacao ruminal e protozoarios ciliados

Livestock Science, Apr 1, 2015

Animal Production Science, 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunocastration on the performance, testosterone con... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunocastration on the performance, testosterone concentration, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot-finished Nellore cattle. Fifty-eight males (430 AE 36 kg bodyweight; 24 months old) were separated into three groups in a randomised complete design: surgically castration (n = 15), immunocastrated (anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Bopriva ®) vaccine, n = 21) and non-castrated (n = 22). The animals were housed in individual pens and fed ad libitum for 90 days with a common diet comprising 70% concentrate and 30% roughage (corn silage). The non-castrated animals had a greater average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and carcass yield than the surgically castrated and immunocastrated animals (P < 0.05). Surgically castrated cattle grew faster and more efficiently than those castrated immunologically (P < 0.05). The surgically castrated and immunocastrated animals had higher colour values L*, a* and b* and cooking loss than non-castrated animals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, immunocastration decreased cattle performance compared with surgically castrated or non-castrated animals. However, immunocastration resulted in better meat quality compared with non-castrated, making it an alternative to surgical castration with no negative effects on animal welfare.

Livestock research for rural development, Jul 15, 2004

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019

Boletim de indústria animal, Jul 12, 2021

Thirty-six Nellore steers at 20 months of age on average and initial body weight of 360 kg, fed a... more Thirty-six Nellore steers at 20 months of age on average and initial body weight of 360 kg, fed ad libitum for 78 days and two levels of feed restriction for 58 days and posterior ad libitum feeding for 78 days were used to estimate body composition using the methods of indirect deuterium oxide or the 9 th-10 th-11 th ribs cut. The body water content was calculated with equations established for Nellore steers. The chemical body composition was different for the ether extract content. The animals subjected to feed restriction presented higher body fat content when estimated by deuterium than by the rib cut. The deuterium oxide or 9 th-10 th-11 th ribs cut methods used for body composition determination were effective to estimate body contents for animals fed ad libitum, however, not for animals on feed restriction. Comparatively, the indirect method of deuterium oxide was better than the 9 th-10 th-11 th ribs cut method to estimate body composition in Nellore steers submitted to feed restriction; however, both methods were similar in animals fed ad libitum.

Journal of Animal Science, Aug 1, 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flint corn processing method (CPM) and level ... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flint corn processing method (CPM) and level of NDF from roughage (rNDF) on performance, carcass characteristics, and starch utilization by finishing Nellore-based cattle fed high-concentrate, flint corn-based diets. In this study, 112 Nellore type bulls (initial BW 384.07 ± 29.53 kg and 24-36 mo of age) were individually fed using Calan gates or individual pens. The animals were used in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 2 CPM, high-moisture flint corn (HMC) or finely ground dry flint corn (FGC), with 1 of 4 levels of rNDF, 3, 8, 13, and 18% (DM basis), using sugarcane silage (SS) as roughage. Bulls were adapted to the finishing diet over a 21-d period and fed for a total of 81 d. Fecal starch (FS) concentration was determined on d 46 and 74 of the feeding period. There was a quadratic effect of rNDF on final BW (P < 0.01) and ADG (P = 0.01). Optimal concentrations of rNDF were estimated using the first derivative of second order polynomials, indicating that final BW and ADG were maximized with 13.3 and 13.0% rNDF, respectively. An interaction was observed between CPM and rNDF (P = 0.05) for DMI, with peak DMI occurring at 11.3 and 13.7% rNDF with FGC and HMC, respectively. Cattle fed HMC had 13.9% greater G:F (P < 0.01) compared with those fed FGC (0.172 vs. 0.151, respectively). There were quadratic effects of rNDF on HCW (P = 0.04) and ME intake (P < 0.01); heaviest carcass weights were estimated, in both cases, to be achieved with 12.8% rNDF. A quadratic effect of rNDF for renal, pelvic, and inguinal fat weight (P = 0.04) was observed, with a peak estimated to occur at 12.6% rNDF. An interaction between CPM and rNDF also was observed for FS (P < 0.05). Bulls fed FGC with 3% rNDF had greater FS content, and FS linearly decreased as concentration of rNDF increased. For bulls fed HMC, FS was 3.0% of DM and was unaffected by rNDF in the diet. Lower FS from bulls fed HMC suggests that availability of starch from flint corn was greater than that of FGC. For Nellore-based cattle fed a flint corn-based diet containing SS and 8% whole lint cottonseed, performance was optimized with 12.8% rNDF. In the absence of cottonseed addition to diets, optimal performance would be expected with about 14.5% rNDF.

Journal of Animal Science, Apr 13, 2022

This study determined the energy requirement for maintenance of purebred Nellore cattle and its c... more This study determined the energy requirement for maintenance of purebred Nellore cattle and its crossbreds using data from a comparative slaughter trial in which animals were raised under the same plane of nutrition from birth through slaughter and born from a single commercial Nellore cowherd. A total of 79 castrated steers (361 ± 54 kg initial body weight [BW]) were used in a completely randomized design by age (22 mo ± 23 d of age) with four genetic groups (GG): Nellore (NL), ½ Angus × ½ Nellore (AN), ½ Canchim × ½ Nellore (CN), and ½ Simmental × ½ Nellore (SN). The experimental design provided ranges in metabolizable energy (ME) intake (MEI), BW, and average daily gain needed to develop regression equations to predict net energy for maintenance (NEm) requirements. Four steers of each GG were slaughtered to determine the initial body composition. The remaining 63 steers were assigned to different nutritional treatments (NT) by GG; ad libitum or limit-fed treatments (receiving 70% of the daily feed of the ad libitum treatment of the same GG). Full BW was recorded at birth, weaning, 12, 18, and 22 mo. In the feedlot, steers were fed for 101 d a diet containing (DM basis) 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate. No difference in age at weaning (P = 0.534) and slaughter (P = 0.179 and P = 0.896, for GG and NT, respectively) were observed. AN steers were heavier at weaning weight, yearling weight and had higher empty BW (EBW; P = 0.007, P = 0.014, and P < 0.001, respectively) in comparison to NL, CN, and SN. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between GG and NT for any variable evaluated. When fed ad libitum, AN steers had higher daily MEI (Mcal/d; P < 0.001) in comparison to NL, CN, and SN. On a constant age basis, differences were observed on body composition (P < 0.05) between GG. The slope (P = 0.600) and intercept (P = 0.702) of the regression of log heat production on MEI were similar among GG. Evaluating at the same age and the same frame size, there were no differences in NEm requirement between Nellore and AN (P = 0.528), CN (P = 0.671), and SN (P = 0.706). The combined data indicated a NEm requirement of 86.8 kcal/d/kg0.75 EBW and a ME required for maintenance requirement had a common value of 137.53 kcal/d/kg0.75 EBW. The efficiency of energy utilization for maintenance and the efficiency of energy utilization for growth values were similar among GG (P > 0.05 and P > 0.05, respectively) and were on average 63.2% and 26.0%, respectively. However, although not statistically different, the NEm values from NL showed a decrease in NEm of 5.76% compared with AN steers.

Boletim de indústria animal, 2019

Thirty six Nellore steers, with an average initial age and weight of 20 months and 360 kg, were f... more Thirty six Nellore steers, with an average initial age and weight of 20 months and 360 kg, were fed the same diet in three levels of dry matter intake: ad libitum or in two restriction levels 75g DM/kg BW 0.75 or 60g DM/kg BW 0.75 during 58 days (Phase 1) to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on weight gain, feed efficiency, diet digestibility, and composition of weight gain in restriction and re-alimentation phases. All steers were fed ad libitum for 78 days (Phase 2). Body composition was estimated with the marker deuterium oxide, which allowed repeated measurements of the same animal and studying its response to re-alimentation. Average daily gain in the restriction phase reflected different weight gain rates provided by feed levels of 0.288 kg, 0.656 kg, and 1.169 kg, respectively for 60g DM/ BW 0.75 , 75g DM/ BW 0.75 and ad libitum. Feed efficiency increased according to feed intake level in Phase 1 and no differences between treatments were observed in Phase 2. Dry matter digestibility did not differ between treatments in both Phase 1 and Phase 2; however, it differed between phases for the same treatment with 78.8% in Phase 1, and with 68.7% in Phase 2 for the treatment with 60 g DM/BW 0.75 , and 77.8% in Phase 1 and 71.3% in Phase 2 for the treatment with 75 g DM/BW 0.75. The deposition of empty weight gain, daily water deposition, ether extract, protein, ash, and energy increased with a higher feed intake level in Phase 1. In Phase 2, no difference occurred between the diet intake levels for empty weight gain, chemical components deposition, and retained energy in the gain. Diet digestibility decreased in Nellore steers fed ad libitum after the period of feed restriction, regardless of the previous restriction level to which the animals were submitted.

Boletim de indústria animal, 2019

Blood parameters of 18 Nellore steers submitted to high concentrate diet in two sequential feedin... more Blood parameters of 18 Nellore steers submitted to high concentrate diet in two sequential feeding regimes (phase 1: restriction and phase 2: ad libitum feeding) were evaluated. In the first phase, steers were fed for 56 days three intake levels of dry matter (ad libitum, 75 g dry matter (DM)/kg metabolic body weight (BW 0.75) or 60 g DM/kg BW 0.75. In the second phase, from the 57 th day on feed, animals fed 60 g DM/kg BW 0.75 and 75 g DM/kg BW 0.75 were fed ad libitum until the 136 th day. In the 8 th , 27 th , 55 th (first phase), 71 st , 84 th , 112 th and 132 nd (second phase) day of experimental period, blood samples were collected and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), glucose, plasma ureic nitrogen (PUN) and total protein (TP) were determined. In the first phase IGF-I, T4, glucose and total protein concentration was not different among treatments (P>0.05) and there was no interaction between treatment and time (P>0.05). There was an interaction among treatments and time on T3 and plasma ureic nitrogen (P<0.01). In the second phase IGF-I, T3, T4, glucose and total protein concentration was not different among treatments and there was no interaction between treatment and time (P>0.05). For plasma ureic nitrogen concentration there was an interaction among treatments and time (P=0.02). Lower levels of diet intake can be used to improve animal performance in feedlot.

Journal of Animal Science, Dec 1, 2018

Eighty eight Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2... more Eighty eight Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to test two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin 26 mg/kg DM vs. CRINA-Rumistar - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/ kg DM; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources (CS - corn silage vs SB - sugarcane bagasse). Animals were weighed after 14h of fasting (water and feed) and gradually adapted to the high grain diets, starting with 20% of physically effective NDF, gradually decreasing to 10% after 20-d. Final diets contained 0.3% of urea, 4% mineral and vitamin mixture, 5.5% of soybean meal, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CG and SB diets, respectively) and 19.5% of CS or 12% of SB. Individual feed intake was recorded daily and carcass weight (CW), Longissimus muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BFT) were measured after slaughter (day 104). Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS considering roughage source, feed additives and interaction as fixed and block as random effects. No interaction between feed additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed CS had 9% higher ADG (P=0.0154), 20% higher DMI (P<0.0001) and 14% lower G:F (P=0.0157) than those fed SB. Moreover, animals fed CS showed 6%, 4.5%, 1%, and 5% greater final BW (P=0.0491), HCW (P=0.0040), dressing percentage (P=0.008) and LMA (P=0.0354), respectively, than animals fed SB. Animals fed CRINA-Rumistar had 8% higher ADG (1.534 vs 1.412 kg/d; P=0.0425), 3.4% greater final BW (527.4 vs 509.6 kg; P=0.0491) and 10.2 kg higher HCW (298.1 vs 287.9 kg; P=0.0040) than animals fed MON. Therefore, dietary CRINA-Rumistar is an effective substitute of MON in finishing cattle fed high concentration diets regardless of roughage source.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2002

RESUMO -Foram alimentados 36 tourinhos ¾ Europeu ¼ Zebu com dietas contendo 9, 15 e 21% de bagaço... more RESUMO -Foram alimentados 36 tourinhos ¾ Europeu ¼ Zebu com dietas contendo 9, 15 e 21% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura (BIN) na matéria seca. Os animais, com peso inicial de 257 kg, foram abatidos após 138 dias, com 435 kg de peso. Foram realizadas mensurações na carcaça e da composição física do corte das 9-10-11ª costelas. Amostras dos músculos Longissimus dorsi e Supraspinatus, maturadas durante 0, 7 e 14 dias, foram analisadas quanto à textura e cor. A quantidade de gordura renal e pélvica foi maior para os tratamentos 9 e 15% de BIN. Houve tendência para maior espessura de gordura subcutânea nos tratamentos 9 e 15% de BIN. Os diferentes níveis de fibra na dieta não alteraram a composição física e as características de carcaça, porém maior acúmulo de gordura nas regiões inguinal e pélvica foi observado em tratamentos com maior teor de concentrado. A textura objetiva (WB) apresentou diferença entre os três grupos de bifes maturados, nos dois músculos testados; o grupo com 14 dias de maturação foi mais macio que o tempo 7, e este, mais macio que o tempo 0. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os tratamentos nutricionais para a característica de cor, entretanto, houve efeito significativo para o período de maturação. A carne maturada (tempos 7 e 14) foi mais macia e brilhante, e suas cores, mais realçadas. A maturação teve grande impacto sobre a maciez em touros jovens produzindo carcaças de 230 kg e com 4 mm de espessura de gordura. Palavras-chave: bovinos jovens, características de carcaça, composição corporal, confinamento, níveis de fibra ABSTRACT -Thirty six ¾ European ¼ Zebu bulls were fed diets containing 9, 15 and 21% of the dry matter as sugar cane bagasse in natura (BIN). The animals, with initial body weight of 257 kg, were slaughtered with 435 kg, after 138 days on feed. Measurements in the carcass and the 9-10-11 th rib cut physical composition were taken. Samples of Longissimus dorsi and Supraspinatus muscles, aged 0, 7 and 14 days, were analyzed for texture and color. Renal, pelvic and inguinal fat was higher for treatments with 9 and 15% of BIN. There was a tendency for greater backfat thickness in the treatments with 9 and 15% of BIN. BIN level in the diets had no effect on physical composition or carcass characteristics. However, greater fat deposition in the inguinal and pelvic region was observed in treatments with greater energy. The objective texture (WB) was different with ageing in the two muscles, with greater tenderness after 14 days than after 7, or 0 day. No significant differences in meat color were observed due to the BIN levels, but affected this characteristic. The aged steaks (0 and 14 days) were more tender and brilliant and their colors enhanced. Results suggest aging has great benefits on tenderness in young intact males with carcasses of 230 kg and 4 mm of fat thickness.

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia, 2002

RESUMO -Avaliou-se a composição corporal de 42 tourinhos ¼ B. indicus x ¾ B. taurus, de raça pate... more RESUMO -Avaliou-se a composição corporal de 42 tourinhos ¼ B. indicus x ¾ B. taurus, de raça paterna Britânica (Shorthorn) ou Continental (Guelbvieh) com 9 meses e 243 kg de peso vazio inicial (PVzi). Destes, seis animais foram abatidos para obtenção da composição corporal inicial do lote. Os 36 animais restantes foram confinados com dietas contendo 9, 15 e 21% de bagaço de cana in natura (BIN) na MS. Não houve efeitos significativos da interação entre tipos raciais e níveis de fibra para as variáveis analisadas. O efeito do tipo racial não alterou a composição do ganho de peso vazio (GPVz), tendo os animais Britânicos apresentado 28,9% de gordura e 3,75 Mcal/kg, enquanto os animais Continentais apresentaram 28% de gordura e 3,67 Mcal/kg de GPVz. Os animais Britânicos apresentaram teores numéricos maiores de gordura e energia, apesar de apresentarem média de PVzi e ganho de peso vazio final (GPVzf) menores que os Continentais. O efeito de fibra não foi significativo, mas animais recebendo dietas com 15% de BIN apresentaram GPV numericamente maior (1,2 kg/d), que os animais que receberam 9% e 21% de BIN (1,1 kg/d). Os diferentes níveis de BIN não alteraram a composição do ganho, mas a composição do GPVz dos animais que receberam 15% de BIN apresentaram maiores teores numéricos de lipídeo e energia, 31% e 3,94 Mcal/kg de GPVz. Os animais submetidos aos tratamentos 9 e 21% de BIN apresentaram respectivamente, 28,6% e 25,7% de lipídeo e 3,72 e 3,46 Mcal/kg de GPVz. A composição do GPVz e as exigências líquidas de energia e proteína dos tourinhos ¾ europeus filhos de vacas Caracu x Nelore com touros Guelbvieh ou Shorthorn foram semelhantes às observadas para machos não castrados de tamanho corporal grande ou grau de estrutura corporal próximo a 8 na escala 1-9. Palavras-chave: bagaço de cana, bovinos de corte, composição corporal, concentrado, exigências nutricionais, níveis de fibras ABSTRACT -Body composition of 42 crossbreed bulls ¼ B. indicus x ¾ B. taurus of either Continental (Guelbvieh) or British (Shorthorn) paternal breed and Caracu x Nelore cows (9 months old and initial empty body weight of 243 kg), were evaluated. Six animals were slaughtered after the adaptation period to obtain the initial body composition. The other 36 animals were fed diets formulated with 9, 15 and 21% of sugar cane bagasse in natura (BIN) and concentrated. There were no significant interaction of genetic breed and level of BIN for any variable. There was no effect on paternal breed on the composition of empty body gain (EBG), with British animals with 28.9% lipid and 3.75 Mcal/kg and Continental animals 28.0% lipid and 3.67 Mcal/ kg in the EBG. British animals had numerically greater fat content in the gains despite the lower initial and final empty body weights. Animals receiving diets with 15% BIN had higher rates of empty body gain, 1.21 kg/d, while animals receiving 9 and 21%, gained 1.1 kg/d. Roughage level or breed did not alter final empty body composition, however, composition of the empty body gain of animals fed 15% BIN had higher lipid and energy content (31% and 3.94 Mcal/kg EBG) compared to the animals recieving 9 and 21% BIN diets (28.6 and 25.7% lipid; 3.72 and 3.46 Mcal/kg of EBG, respectively). These results can be explained by the fact that the animals were young intact males with low final body weights. Composition, of the EBG (net energy and protein requirements) of ¾ B. taurus F 2 crossbreed bulls from Caracu x Nelore cows were consistent with NRC equation for large frame bulls or frame score 8 in a 1-9 scale.

Substituicao do milho pela polpa de citros sobre a fermentacao ruminal e protozoarios ciliados

Livestock Science, Apr 1, 2015

Animal Production Science, 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunocastration on the performance, testosterone con... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunocastration on the performance, testosterone concentration, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot-finished Nellore cattle. Fifty-eight males (430 AE 36 kg bodyweight; 24 months old) were separated into three groups in a randomised complete design: surgically castration (n = 15), immunocastrated (anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Bopriva ®) vaccine, n = 21) and non-castrated (n = 22). The animals were housed in individual pens and fed ad libitum for 90 days with a common diet comprising 70% concentrate and 30% roughage (corn silage). The non-castrated animals had a greater average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and carcass yield than the surgically castrated and immunocastrated animals (P < 0.05). Surgically castrated cattle grew faster and more efficiently than those castrated immunologically (P < 0.05). The surgically castrated and immunocastrated animals had higher colour values L*, a* and b* and cooking loss than non-castrated animals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, immunocastration decreased cattle performance compared with surgically castrated or non-castrated animals. However, immunocastration resulted in better meat quality compared with non-castrated, making it an alternative to surgical castration with no negative effects on animal welfare.

Livestock research for rural development, Jul 15, 2004

Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2019

Boletim de indústria animal, Jul 12, 2021

Thirty-six Nellore steers at 20 months of age on average and initial body weight of 360 kg, fed a... more Thirty-six Nellore steers at 20 months of age on average and initial body weight of 360 kg, fed ad libitum for 78 days and two levels of feed restriction for 58 days and posterior ad libitum feeding for 78 days were used to estimate body composition using the methods of indirect deuterium oxide or the 9 th-10 th-11 th ribs cut. The body water content was calculated with equations established for Nellore steers. The chemical body composition was different for the ether extract content. The animals subjected to feed restriction presented higher body fat content when estimated by deuterium than by the rib cut. The deuterium oxide or 9 th-10 th-11 th ribs cut methods used for body composition determination were effective to estimate body contents for animals fed ad libitum, however, not for animals on feed restriction. Comparatively, the indirect method of deuterium oxide was better than the 9 th-10 th-11 th ribs cut method to estimate body composition in Nellore steers submitted to feed restriction; however, both methods were similar in animals fed ad libitum.

Journal of Animal Science, Aug 1, 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flint corn processing method (CPM) and level ... more This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flint corn processing method (CPM) and level of NDF from roughage (rNDF) on performance, carcass characteristics, and starch utilization by finishing Nellore-based cattle fed high-concentrate, flint corn-based diets. In this study, 112 Nellore type bulls (initial BW 384.07 ± 29.53 kg and 24-36 mo of age) were individually fed using Calan gates or individual pens. The animals were used in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 2 CPM, high-moisture flint corn (HMC) or finely ground dry flint corn (FGC), with 1 of 4 levels of rNDF, 3, 8, 13, and 18% (DM basis), using sugarcane silage (SS) as roughage. Bulls were adapted to the finishing diet over a 21-d period and fed for a total of 81 d. Fecal starch (FS) concentration was determined on d 46 and 74 of the feeding period. There was a quadratic effect of rNDF on final BW (P < 0.01) and ADG (P = 0.01). Optimal concentrations of rNDF were estimated using the first derivative of second order polynomials, indicating that final BW and ADG were maximized with 13.3 and 13.0% rNDF, respectively. An interaction was observed between CPM and rNDF (P = 0.05) for DMI, with peak DMI occurring at 11.3 and 13.7% rNDF with FGC and HMC, respectively. Cattle fed HMC had 13.9% greater G:F (P < 0.01) compared with those fed FGC (0.172 vs. 0.151, respectively). There were quadratic effects of rNDF on HCW (P = 0.04) and ME intake (P < 0.01); heaviest carcass weights were estimated, in both cases, to be achieved with 12.8% rNDF. A quadratic effect of rNDF for renal, pelvic, and inguinal fat weight (P = 0.04) was observed, with a peak estimated to occur at 12.6% rNDF. An interaction between CPM and rNDF also was observed for FS (P < 0.05). Bulls fed FGC with 3% rNDF had greater FS content, and FS linearly decreased as concentration of rNDF increased. For bulls fed HMC, FS was 3.0% of DM and was unaffected by rNDF in the diet. Lower FS from bulls fed HMC suggests that availability of starch from flint corn was greater than that of FGC. For Nellore-based cattle fed a flint corn-based diet containing SS and 8% whole lint cottonseed, performance was optimized with 12.8% rNDF. In the absence of cottonseed addition to diets, optimal performance would be expected with about 14.5% rNDF.

Journal of Animal Science, Apr 13, 2022

This study determined the energy requirement for maintenance of purebred Nellore cattle and its c... more This study determined the energy requirement for maintenance of purebred Nellore cattle and its crossbreds using data from a comparative slaughter trial in which animals were raised under the same plane of nutrition from birth through slaughter and born from a single commercial Nellore cowherd. A total of 79 castrated steers (361 ± 54 kg initial body weight [BW]) were used in a completely randomized design by age (22 mo ± 23 d of age) with four genetic groups (GG): Nellore (NL), ½ Angus × ½ Nellore (AN), ½ Canchim × ½ Nellore (CN), and ½ Simmental × ½ Nellore (SN). The experimental design provided ranges in metabolizable energy (ME) intake (MEI), BW, and average daily gain needed to develop regression equations to predict net energy for maintenance (NEm) requirements. Four steers of each GG were slaughtered to determine the initial body composition. The remaining 63 steers were assigned to different nutritional treatments (NT) by GG; ad libitum or limit-fed treatments (receiving 70% of the daily feed of the ad libitum treatment of the same GG). Full BW was recorded at birth, weaning, 12, 18, and 22 mo. In the feedlot, steers were fed for 101 d a diet containing (DM basis) 60% corn silage and 40% concentrate. No difference in age at weaning (P = 0.534) and slaughter (P = 0.179 and P = 0.896, for GG and NT, respectively) were observed. AN steers were heavier at weaning weight, yearling weight and had higher empty BW (EBW; P = 0.007, P = 0.014, and P < 0.001, respectively) in comparison to NL, CN, and SN. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between GG and NT for any variable evaluated. When fed ad libitum, AN steers had higher daily MEI (Mcal/d; P < 0.001) in comparison to NL, CN, and SN. On a constant age basis, differences were observed on body composition (P < 0.05) between GG. The slope (P = 0.600) and intercept (P = 0.702) of the regression of log heat production on MEI were similar among GG. Evaluating at the same age and the same frame size, there were no differences in NEm requirement between Nellore and AN (P = 0.528), CN (P = 0.671), and SN (P = 0.706). The combined data indicated a NEm requirement of 86.8 kcal/d/kg0.75 EBW and a ME required for maintenance requirement had a common value of 137.53 kcal/d/kg0.75 EBW. The efficiency of energy utilization for maintenance and the efficiency of energy utilization for growth values were similar among GG (P > 0.05 and P > 0.05, respectively) and were on average 63.2% and 26.0%, respectively. However, although not statistically different, the NEm values from NL showed a decrease in NEm of 5.76% compared with AN steers.

Boletim de indústria animal, 2019

Thirty six Nellore steers, with an average initial age and weight of 20 months and 360 kg, were f... more Thirty six Nellore steers, with an average initial age and weight of 20 months and 360 kg, were fed the same diet in three levels of dry matter intake: ad libitum or in two restriction levels 75g DM/kg BW 0.75 or 60g DM/kg BW 0.75 during 58 days (Phase 1) to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on weight gain, feed efficiency, diet digestibility, and composition of weight gain in restriction and re-alimentation phases. All steers were fed ad libitum for 78 days (Phase 2). Body composition was estimated with the marker deuterium oxide, which allowed repeated measurements of the same animal and studying its response to re-alimentation. Average daily gain in the restriction phase reflected different weight gain rates provided by feed levels of 0.288 kg, 0.656 kg, and 1.169 kg, respectively for 60g DM/ BW 0.75 , 75g DM/ BW 0.75 and ad libitum. Feed efficiency increased according to feed intake level in Phase 1 and no differences between treatments were observed in Phase 2. Dry matter digestibility did not differ between treatments in both Phase 1 and Phase 2; however, it differed between phases for the same treatment with 78.8% in Phase 1, and with 68.7% in Phase 2 for the treatment with 60 g DM/BW 0.75 , and 77.8% in Phase 1 and 71.3% in Phase 2 for the treatment with 75 g DM/BW 0.75. The deposition of empty weight gain, daily water deposition, ether extract, protein, ash, and energy increased with a higher feed intake level in Phase 1. In Phase 2, no difference occurred between the diet intake levels for empty weight gain, chemical components deposition, and retained energy in the gain. Diet digestibility decreased in Nellore steers fed ad libitum after the period of feed restriction, regardless of the previous restriction level to which the animals were submitted.

Boletim de indústria animal, 2019

Blood parameters of 18 Nellore steers submitted to high concentrate diet in two sequential feedin... more Blood parameters of 18 Nellore steers submitted to high concentrate diet in two sequential feeding regimes (phase 1: restriction and phase 2: ad libitum feeding) were evaluated. In the first phase, steers were fed for 56 days three intake levels of dry matter (ad libitum, 75 g dry matter (DM)/kg metabolic body weight (BW 0.75) or 60 g DM/kg BW 0.75. In the second phase, from the 57 th day on feed, animals fed 60 g DM/kg BW 0.75 and 75 g DM/kg BW 0.75 were fed ad libitum until the 136 th day. In the 8 th , 27 th , 55 th (first phase), 71 st , 84 th , 112 th and 132 nd (second phase) day of experimental period, blood samples were collected and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), glucose, plasma ureic nitrogen (PUN) and total protein (TP) were determined. In the first phase IGF-I, T4, glucose and total protein concentration was not different among treatments (P>0.05) and there was no interaction between treatment and time (P>0.05). There was an interaction among treatments and time on T3 and plasma ureic nitrogen (P<0.01). In the second phase IGF-I, T3, T4, glucose and total protein concentration was not different among treatments and there was no interaction between treatment and time (P>0.05). For plasma ureic nitrogen concentration there was an interaction among treatments and time (P=0.02). Lower levels of diet intake can be used to improve animal performance in feedlot.

Journal of Animal Science, Dec 1, 2018

Eighty eight Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2... more Eighty eight Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to test two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin 26 mg/kg DM vs. CRINA-Rumistar - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/ kg DM; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources (CS - corn silage vs SB - sugarcane bagasse). Animals were weighed after 14h of fasting (water and feed) and gradually adapted to the high grain diets, starting with 20% of physically effective NDF, gradually decreasing to 10% after 20-d. Final diets contained 0.3% of urea, 4% mineral and vitamin mixture, 5.5% of soybean meal, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CG and SB diets, respectively) and 19.5% of CS or 12% of SB. Individual feed intake was recorded daily and carcass weight (CW), Longissimus muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BFT) were measured after slaughter (day 104). Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS considering roughage source, feed additives and interaction as fixed and block as random effects. No interaction between feed additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed CS had 9% higher ADG (P=0.0154), 20% higher DMI (P<0.0001) and 14% lower G:F (P=0.0157) than those fed SB. Moreover, animals fed CS showed 6%, 4.5%, 1%, and 5% greater final BW (P=0.0491), HCW (P=0.0040), dressing percentage (P=0.008) and LMA (P=0.0354), respectively, than animals fed SB. Animals fed CRINA-Rumistar had 8% higher ADG (1.534 vs 1.412 kg/d; P=0.0425), 3.4% greater final BW (527.4 vs 509.6 kg; P=0.0491) and 10.2 kg higher HCW (298.1 vs 287.9 kg; P=0.0040) than animals fed MON. Therefore, dietary CRINA-Rumistar is an effective substitute of MON in finishing cattle fed high concentration diets regardless of roughage source.