Leo Loman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Leo Loman

Sociological Quarterly, Sep 1, 1976

Several studies of public rejection of the mentally ill using written vignettes have demonstrated... more Several studies of public rejection of the mentally ill using written vignettes have demonstrated limited support for the societal reaction perspective. Since written vignettes may be inadequate, t...

in 2001 and subsequently expanded statewide, is an example of a new approach to assisting familie... more in 2001 and subsequently expanded statewide, is an example of a new approach to assisting families reported for child abuse and neglect (CA/N) to child protection services (CPS). This approach is being implemented in other states under various names, such as dual track, multiple response, and differential response. The term alternative response or AR is used in this article. AR, with many variations, is now in effect in about 20 states (Fluke, et al., 2003; Schene,

The Changing World of the American Military, 2019

Child abuse & neglect, 2015

An outcome analysis was conducted based on an extended follow-up of the implementation of differe... more An outcome analysis was conducted based on an extended follow-up of the implementation of differential response program reforms in Child Protective Services offices in 10 counties in a Midwestern U.S. State. Random assignment was conducted of families that were first determined to be appropriate for family assessments. Experimental families (n=2,382) were each assigned to a non-forensic family assessment, and control families (n=2,247) each received a forensic investigation. Families were assigned continuously over a 15-month period and then tracked from 45 to 60 months from the date of assignment. Detailed information on services provided and family responses was obtained via two subsamples of experimental and control families. Measures of family engagement and service reception and utilization were utilized to determine instrumental outcomes introduced through family assessments. Improved family engagement and increased and broadened services were found to have occurred, and it wa...

The Sociological Quarterly, 1976

… : A Common Sense Reform in Child …, 2005

CA/N. In the Minnesota project, reports were first screened into two groups. The first group cons... more CA/N. In the Minnesota project, reports were first screened into two groups. The first group consisted of a minority of reports that were inappropriate for AR. These were reports with allegations involving egregious harm or imminent danger to children. These reports ...

Children and Youth Services Review, 2012

Abstract The long-term effects of providing material or anti-poverty services to families with re... more Abstract The long-term effects of providing material or anti-poverty services to families with reports of child maltreatment were examined in a field experiment in a Midwestern state in which differential response (DR) had been implemented. From a pool of families determined to be appropriate for DR family assessments, 2605 randomly assigned experimental families that received family assessments were compared to 1265 randomly assigned control families that received traditional investigations. Families were tracked for 8 to 9 years. Fuller data were available for sub-samples of 434 experimental families and 208 control families. Main covariates included service case openings, anti-poverty service reception and study group membership. Other variables introduced were previous reports, socioeconomic status (SES), and level of family engagement. Outcome measures included subsequent reports and removals/placements of children. Formal service case openings increased for experimental families. Significant increases were found in anti-poverty services to low SES experimental families. Proportional hazards analyses indicated that these changes were associated with reductions of later reports and placements of children. In addition, by controlling for service differences, the analysis demonstrated significant effects of the non-adversarial, family-friendly approach of DR family-assessments. Possible explanations of long-term effects of service interventions are offered along with suggestions for future research.

Institute of Applied Research: St. Louis, …, 2000

This document may be copied and transmitted freely. No deletions, additions or alterations of con... more This document may be copied and transmitted freely. No deletions, additions or alterations of content are permitted without the express, written consent of the Institute of Applied Research. ... This review of the research literature on independent living of youths in ...

Financial Hardship, Poverty, and Child Maltreatment: Six Studies in Five U.S. States, 2022

Abstract: This is the first IARA summary paper on family financial hardship and child welfare. I... more Abstract: This is the first IARA summary paper on family financial hardship and child welfare. It contains short descriptions of six studies in five U.S. States conducted by the authors. These were multi-year, multi-method evaluations of programs directed toward families reported for child maltreatment. The programs each involved intensive services to families, including increased financially related (material) services. They also involved greater flexibility in worker-family decision making regarding family needs and potential services to address them. Together the studies involved upwards of 20,000 families. Five of the studies were field experiments. In those, experimental families were provided with intensive and flexible services while control families were treated in the traditional manner by Child Protection Services (CPS) workers. The first two studies summarized were experiments in which workers were permitted to expend Title IV-E funds to address a broad array of family needs rather than simply payment for foster care. Those programs were focused on high-risk child protection cases. Two other experiments concerned lower-risk cases. In those, foundations provided extra funds that could be expended on experimental children and their families. In the fifth experiment, experimental families were directed into a state program designed to assist families experiencing financial hardships. The sixth study provided intensive services on a voluntary basis to families whose child maltreatment reports had not been accepted by CPS for further action and other families referred from other state agencies. Families were impoverished and, in most cases, suffering financially. In each study material services increased for experimental families, and outcome measures demonstrated improvements in the long-term safety and welfare of the children. The present summary concludes by advocating reuniting income maintenance and child protection in the mold of family and child welfare work before state CPS agencies were established in the early 1970’s. This report is focused on particular subset of families suffering financial hardship. Summary Paper 2 (available on our website: www.iarstl.org) approaches the problem more broadly, focusing on poor and working-class families generally. Subsequent summaries turn to solutions.

Drafts by Leo Loman

Abstract. This is the second IARA summary paper considering the relationship between child welfar... more Abstract. This is the second IARA summary paper considering the relationship between child welfare and financial hardship of families. The first was the Six Studies summary paper, which described large scale studies conducted by the authors of this paper at the Institute of Applied Research and at the sister organization, IAR Associates. Those studies were focused on families reported for child maltreatment. Five of the six were multi-year, multi-method field experiments. Each of the studies demonstrated that relieving financial hardship and poverty improves long-term outcomes for children. The present paper extends and broadens that discussion into areas of general child welfare, including children’s health, education, and ongoing development. Part 1 describes correlational studies in three areas: food and diet, housing, and mother-only families. The problem with the correlational approach described in Part 1 is that correlation does not prove causation. Part 2 moves beyond correlation to proof of causation by focusing on experimental studies. This portion of the paper is similar to the Six Studies summary paper in that it outlines the strongest research designs demonstrating that relief of financial hardship in families with children improves the lives of the children and enhances their ongoing development.