Leocir Welter - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Leocir Welter

WELTER, Lucas. Yield evaluation and instrumental physic sensorial analysis of pork longissimus do... more WELTER, Lucas. Yield evaluation and instrumental physic sensorial analysis of pork longissimus dorsi with phosphate blends. 2012. 122 p. Dissertation (Master on Food Science)-Food Science Postgraduate Program, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC. generally, showed lower values than Control and 1.2NaClalthough variations in results were observed and the influence of SHMP on improving this propriety were low. In the begging of the experiment, the Control sample showed to be clearer in comparison to other samples and the STPP influenced on the lightness maintenance (L*); saturation index (C*) and the global color alteration (∆E*) showed just a small variation during the experiment. The reduction of shear force was observed on treatments containing only TSPP, STPP, TSP, as well some phosphate mixes composed mainly with STPP and TSPP. The results have showed that phosphate mixes help improving the yield and the sensory attributes of pork loin submitted to the enhancement technology.

Vitis, Nov 6, 2017

The ascomycete Erysiphe necator causes powdery mildew disease of grapevine, a disastrous infectio... more The ascomycete Erysiphe necator causes powdery mildew disease of grapevine, a disastrous infection which is commonly defeated with multiple fungicide applications in viticulture. Breeding for natural resistance of quality grapes (Vitis vinifera) is thus a major aim of current efforts. The cultivar 'Regent' is resistant to powdery mildew due to an introgression from an American Vitis sp. resistance donor. To identify key regulatory elements in defense responses of 'Regent' we performed transcript analyses after challenging with E. necator inoculation in comparison with a susceptible grapevine. A set of genes selected from preliminary microarray hybridization results were investigated by RT-qPCR. The data indicate an important role of transcription factors MYB15, WRKY75, WRKY33, WRKY7, ethylene responsive transcription factors ERF2 and ERF5 as well as a CZF1/ ZFAR transcripton factor in regulating the early defense when the fungus starts the interaction with its host by the formation of haustoria.

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 19, 2016

Acta horticulturae, Jul 1, 2014

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in European viticulture is threatened by pathogens like powdery and... more Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in European viticulture is threatened by pathogens like powdery and downy mildew, requiring heavy fungicide applications. Concerns about environmental impacts request more sustainable production methods. New high quality cultivars with genetic resistance are therefore generated. Resistance traits from wild Vitis species are introgressed into the cultivated susceptible V. vinifera. However, this breeding is a long term process. Molecular markers linked to traits of interest help to accelerate it, rationalizing the choice of parental types and replacing part of the phenotypic evaluation by genetic testing at early stages of plant growth. Molecular markers linked to downy and powdery mildew resistance were recently identified by genetic mapping. In a complementary study, differential gene expression was investigated under powdery mildew challenge of resistant (`Regent´) and susceptible (?Chardonnay?) grapes grown in vitro. A set of 27 candidate genes was studied in detail by quantitative Real Time PCR. Results confirm an early induction of some transcription factor genes whose products are instrumental for reprogramming the cellular transcriptome during early defense reactions. The sequence diversity of their genes and additional key regulators of signal cascades was investigated in a set of 45 genotypes with varied levels of powdery mildew resistance. A high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms was found and analyzed for their implications on encoded amino acids or potential protein domains. More than 100 SNPs identified in six genes were subjected to association analysis with powdery mildew resistance expression. Among those, 14 turned out to be strong candidates. One was preliminarily found to be associated with powdery mildew resistance of grapevine leaves in a comprehensive sample set. In conclusion, targeted diversity analysis in candidate genes combined with tests for association to a specific trait seems to be a promising approach to identify new gene-linked markers for breeding purposes.

Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, ... more Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, constitui violação dos direitos autorais (Lei no 9.610).

Acta horticulturae, Jul 1, 2014

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Jul 18, 2018

European Journal of Soil Biology

Journal of Phytopathology

Grapevine anthracnose, caused by Elsinöe ampelina, is a fungal disease with no mapped resistance ... more Grapevine anthracnose, caused by Elsinöe ampelina, is a fungal disease with no mapped resistance loci. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different traits used to phenotype grapevine anthracnose looking for correlated traits and reproducibility during evaluations. Phenotyping was conducted with F1 siblings segregating for resistance to grapevine anthracnose. The progenies were inoculated with Elsinoë ampelina. Leaves, canes and shoots were phenotyped three times. Real severity and number of anthracnose spots were determined from digital photographs. Complementary, the number of spots was estimated using a scale from 0 to 9 and the severity using standard area diagram (SAD) developed for leaves and shoots. The results revealed positive correlation between real and estimated number of anthracnose spots, and the real and estimated severity. However, the number of anthracnose spots did not correlate with severity. The real data from severity and number of spots presented higher variatio...

European Journal of Plant Pathology

Acta Horticulturae, 2019

Southern Brazil is the largest grape-producing region in the country. It is characterized by the ... more Southern Brazil is the largest grape-producing region in the country. It is characterized by the production of labrusca grapes, because of the difficulty of growing Vitis vinifera. This can be explained by the high occurrence of fungal diseases, especially downy mildew, which is favored by the environmental conditions (high temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall). Pilzwiderstandsfahige (PIWI) are a group of wine-grape cultivars similar to V. vinifera but with resistance to downy and powdery mildew. These cultivars open the possibility of reducing production cost and agrochemical sprays for viticulture in Brazil. In order to achieve this objective, studies related to phenological, productive and qualitative characteristics are necessary. A PIWI cultivar trial was established in 2015, in the city of Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, with five white cultivars. The vines were trained in vertical shoot position (VSP) trellis and pruned in double cordons. The studied cultivars were 'Felicia', 'Calardis Blanc', 'Helios', 'Bronner' and 'Aromera', grafted on 'Paulsen 1103'. The variables evaluated were phenology, incidence of downy mildew, yield, number of clusters, average cluster weight, total soluble solids, pH and total titratable acidity. In terms of productivity, the outstanding cultivars were 'Felicia' and 'Calardis Blanc', with yields above the traditional V. vinifera cultivars. 'Felicia' was the earliest cultivar and produced the heaviest clusters. 'Calardis Blanc' presented the largest number of clusters, and 'Aromera' was the latest cultivar. Soluble solids contents, pH and acidity were adequate in all cultivars. In general, all tested cultivars showed good potential for the studied region.

Acta Horticulturae, 2009

Segregation of quantitative resistance to powdery (Uncinula necator) and downy (Plasmopara vitico... more Segregation of quantitative resistance to powdery (Uncinula necator) and downy (Plasmopara viticola) mildew was followed to investigate responsible QTLs in three different Vitis mapping populations. The first results from a cross of 'Regent' (resistant) x 'Lemberger' (susceptible), the second from 'Gf.Ga.47-42' (a resistant breeding line) x 'Villard blanc' (resistant), and the third from the cross of breeding line 'V3125' (susceptible) to 'Börner' (resistant). The progenies comprised between 141 and 188 individuals and were genotyped using predominantly microsatellitederived molecular markers to construct framework maps. Some resistance gene analogues were also included (Welter et al., 2009). The resulting linkage/ recombination maps are easily comparable to each other and to international reference maps (Riaz et al., 2004; Adam-Blondon et al., 2004). Phenotypic data obtained through field scoring of resistance on leaves and berries through four to five years were combined with genotypic information to investigate significant QTL regions in two of the three crosses. Concerning P. viticola resistance, three minor and one major QTL region were identified on four linkage groups in 'Regent', while only one major QTL located on a different linkage group was identified for U. necator resistance. Quite in contrast, results from the cross of 'Gf.Ga.47-42' x 'Villard blanc' indicated only one major QTL region carrying factors directed against both U. necator and P. viticola operating in leaves and fruits. This region corresponds to the major QTL for downy mildew resistance of 'Regent' identified on linkage group 18.

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2014

Summary The present work studied the induction, multiplication and development of nodular cluster... more Summary The present work studied the induction, multiplication and development of nodular cluster cultures (NCC) of Vriesea reitzii, an endangered bromeliad species native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome, in different culture media under different culture conditions. Leaf basal segments of in vitro-grown plantlets were used as explants and inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in the presence or absence of light, followed by sub-culturing in or on PGR-free liquid or solidified culture media to promote multiplication. The induction of NCC, which occurred from the basal region of the explants, was observed in all culture media tested. Morphological features and regenerative efficiency were ascribed to the different culture media, based mainly on medium type, and the concentration and combination of PGRs, as well as on exposure to light or dark conditions. Green-coloured NCC with a granular texture showed a high regenerative efficiency in response to MS culture medium supplemented with 4 µM -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 2 µM N6(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2-iP), or plus 2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), in cultures incubated under a 16 h photoperiod. Throughout the multiplication stage, regenerative efficiency showed a direct correlation with the composition of the induction medium in which the NCC had originated. Thus, NCC that originated from MS culture medium supplemented with 4 µM NAA and 2 µM 2-iP showed the highest regenerative efficiency (7.2 g g–1 of NCC). NCC that originated from MS culture medium supplemented with 2 µM NAA plus 4 µM BAP showed the highest number of regenerated microshoots (140.0 microshoots g–1). Therefore, the competence of NCC for having a high regenerative efficiency was related to the culture environment and to the type, concentration, and combination of PGRs added to the basal MS culture medium. In vitro-shoot elongation was obtained on filter paper bridges over PGR-free basal MS (BMS) liquid medium. Fully-developed and acclimatised plants were obtained in an ex vitro environment. Taking together, the results of the present study provide new and useful information on an in vitro protocol for the endangered bromeliad, V. reitzii, based on regeneration from nodular cluster cultures.

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

Disease resistance gene pyramiding is a widely used strategy to enhance resistance durability. Ma... more Disease resistance gene pyramiding is a widely used strategy to enhance resistance durability. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was applied to pyramide the alleles Run1 and Ren3, which confer resistance against grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). Two F 1 full-sibs carrying Run1 and Ren3 in heterozygosity were selfed to develop the breeding populations used in the analysis. From the 637 genotyped plants, 313 (50.6%) had the Run1 and Ren3 pyramided. Seven (1.1%) of them exhibited the two resistance alleles in homozygosity. Plants without any resistance alleles had the highest disease severity (X ̅ = 7.3), while the ones with the Run1 allele both in homozygosity and heterozygosity were highly resistant (X ̅ = 1.5). Similar level of resistance was observed in the plants containing Run1 and Ren3 pyramided (X ̅ = 1.3). Plants containing Run1 and Ren3 pyramided in homozygosity are important genetic resources for grape breeding programs in Brazil.

Anais do 60º Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural (SOBER)

Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research, 2021

The present study aimed to investigate plant defense related pathways during Plasmopara viticola ... more The present study aimed to investigate plant defense related pathways during Plasmopara viticola infection in Vitis vinifera varieties. Plant material consisted of 'Chardonnay' (no Rpv), 'Regent' (Rpv3-1), 'Bronner' (Rpv3-3+Rpv10), 'Calardis Blanc' (Rpv3-1+Rpv3-2), and the breeding selection GF15 (Rpv1+Rpv3-1). Gene expression analysis was carried out for the varieties 'Regent', GF15, 'Bronner', and 'Chardonnay'. Hormonal quantification was performed for jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and trans-zeatin-ribose (tZR). The samples were collected from plants cultivated in vitro inoculated with Plasmopara viticola sporangia, and collected at 0, 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-days post inoculation (DPI) for gene expression; and 0, 3, 5, and 7 DPI for hormonal quantification. The results showed an interaction between genotype and time post inoculation in gene expression and hormonal pathway...

WELTER, Lucas. Yield evaluation and instrumental physic sensorial analysis of pork longissimus do... more WELTER, Lucas. Yield evaluation and instrumental physic sensorial analysis of pork longissimus dorsi with phosphate blends. 2012. 122 p. Dissertation (Master on Food Science)-Food Science Postgraduate Program, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC. generally, showed lower values than Control and 1.2NaClalthough variations in results were observed and the influence of SHMP on improving this propriety were low. In the begging of the experiment, the Control sample showed to be clearer in comparison to other samples and the STPP influenced on the lightness maintenance (L*); saturation index (C*) and the global color alteration (∆E*) showed just a small variation during the experiment. The reduction of shear force was observed on treatments containing only TSPP, STPP, TSP, as well some phosphate mixes composed mainly with STPP and TSPP. The results have showed that phosphate mixes help improving the yield and the sensory attributes of pork loin submitted to the enhancement technology.

Vitis, Nov 6, 2017

The ascomycete Erysiphe necator causes powdery mildew disease of grapevine, a disastrous infectio... more The ascomycete Erysiphe necator causes powdery mildew disease of grapevine, a disastrous infection which is commonly defeated with multiple fungicide applications in viticulture. Breeding for natural resistance of quality grapes (Vitis vinifera) is thus a major aim of current efforts. The cultivar 'Regent' is resistant to powdery mildew due to an introgression from an American Vitis sp. resistance donor. To identify key regulatory elements in defense responses of 'Regent' we performed transcript analyses after challenging with E. necator inoculation in comparison with a susceptible grapevine. A set of genes selected from preliminary microarray hybridization results were investigated by RT-qPCR. The data indicate an important role of transcription factors MYB15, WRKY75, WRKY33, WRKY7, ethylene responsive transcription factors ERF2 and ERF5 as well as a CZF1/ ZFAR transcripton factor in regulating the early defense when the fungus starts the interaction with its host by the formation of haustoria.

CRC Press eBooks, Apr 19, 2016

Acta horticulturae, Jul 1, 2014

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in European viticulture is threatened by pathogens like powdery and... more Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in European viticulture is threatened by pathogens like powdery and downy mildew, requiring heavy fungicide applications. Concerns about environmental impacts request more sustainable production methods. New high quality cultivars with genetic resistance are therefore generated. Resistance traits from wild Vitis species are introgressed into the cultivated susceptible V. vinifera. However, this breeding is a long term process. Molecular markers linked to traits of interest help to accelerate it, rationalizing the choice of parental types and replacing part of the phenotypic evaluation by genetic testing at early stages of plant growth. Molecular markers linked to downy and powdery mildew resistance were recently identified by genetic mapping. In a complementary study, differential gene expression was investigated under powdery mildew challenge of resistant (`Regent´) and susceptible (?Chardonnay?) grapes grown in vitro. A set of 27 candidate genes was studied in detail by quantitative Real Time PCR. Results confirm an early induction of some transcription factor genes whose products are instrumental for reprogramming the cellular transcriptome during early defense reactions. The sequence diversity of their genes and additional key regulators of signal cascades was investigated in a set of 45 genotypes with varied levels of powdery mildew resistance. A high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms was found and analyzed for their implications on encoded amino acids or potential protein domains. More than 100 SNPs identified in six genes were subjected to association analysis with powdery mildew resistance expression. Among those, 14 turned out to be strong candidates. One was preliminarily found to be associated with powdery mildew resistance of grapevine leaves in a comprehensive sample set. In conclusion, targeted diversity analysis in candidate genes combined with tests for association to a specific trait seems to be a promising approach to identify new gene-linked markers for breeding purposes.

Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, ... more Todos os direitos reservados. A reprodução não autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, constitui violação dos direitos autorais (Lei no 9.610).

Acta horticulturae, Jul 1, 2014

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Jul 18, 2018

European Journal of Soil Biology

Journal of Phytopathology

Grapevine anthracnose, caused by Elsinöe ampelina, is a fungal disease with no mapped resistance ... more Grapevine anthracnose, caused by Elsinöe ampelina, is a fungal disease with no mapped resistance loci. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different traits used to phenotype grapevine anthracnose looking for correlated traits and reproducibility during evaluations. Phenotyping was conducted with F1 siblings segregating for resistance to grapevine anthracnose. The progenies were inoculated with Elsinoë ampelina. Leaves, canes and shoots were phenotyped three times. Real severity and number of anthracnose spots were determined from digital photographs. Complementary, the number of spots was estimated using a scale from 0 to 9 and the severity using standard area diagram (SAD) developed for leaves and shoots. The results revealed positive correlation between real and estimated number of anthracnose spots, and the real and estimated severity. However, the number of anthracnose spots did not correlate with severity. The real data from severity and number of spots presented higher variatio...

European Journal of Plant Pathology

Acta Horticulturae, 2019

Southern Brazil is the largest grape-producing region in the country. It is characterized by the ... more Southern Brazil is the largest grape-producing region in the country. It is characterized by the production of labrusca grapes, because of the difficulty of growing Vitis vinifera. This can be explained by the high occurrence of fungal diseases, especially downy mildew, which is favored by the environmental conditions (high temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall). Pilzwiderstandsfahige (PIWI) are a group of wine-grape cultivars similar to V. vinifera but with resistance to downy and powdery mildew. These cultivars open the possibility of reducing production cost and agrochemical sprays for viticulture in Brazil. In order to achieve this objective, studies related to phenological, productive and qualitative characteristics are necessary. A PIWI cultivar trial was established in 2015, in the city of Videira, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, with five white cultivars. The vines were trained in vertical shoot position (VSP) trellis and pruned in double cordons. The studied cultivars were 'Felicia', 'Calardis Blanc', 'Helios', 'Bronner' and 'Aromera', grafted on 'Paulsen 1103'. The variables evaluated were phenology, incidence of downy mildew, yield, number of clusters, average cluster weight, total soluble solids, pH and total titratable acidity. In terms of productivity, the outstanding cultivars were 'Felicia' and 'Calardis Blanc', with yields above the traditional V. vinifera cultivars. 'Felicia' was the earliest cultivar and produced the heaviest clusters. 'Calardis Blanc' presented the largest number of clusters, and 'Aromera' was the latest cultivar. Soluble solids contents, pH and acidity were adequate in all cultivars. In general, all tested cultivars showed good potential for the studied region.

Acta Horticulturae, 2009

Segregation of quantitative resistance to powdery (Uncinula necator) and downy (Plasmopara vitico... more Segregation of quantitative resistance to powdery (Uncinula necator) and downy (Plasmopara viticola) mildew was followed to investigate responsible QTLs in three different Vitis mapping populations. The first results from a cross of 'Regent' (resistant) x 'Lemberger' (susceptible), the second from 'Gf.Ga.47-42' (a resistant breeding line) x 'Villard blanc' (resistant), and the third from the cross of breeding line 'V3125' (susceptible) to 'Börner' (resistant). The progenies comprised between 141 and 188 individuals and were genotyped using predominantly microsatellitederived molecular markers to construct framework maps. Some resistance gene analogues were also included (Welter et al., 2009). The resulting linkage/ recombination maps are easily comparable to each other and to international reference maps (Riaz et al., 2004; Adam-Blondon et al., 2004). Phenotypic data obtained through field scoring of resistance on leaves and berries through four to five years were combined with genotypic information to investigate significant QTL regions in two of the three crosses. Concerning P. viticola resistance, three minor and one major QTL region were identified on four linkage groups in 'Regent', while only one major QTL located on a different linkage group was identified for U. necator resistance. Quite in contrast, results from the cross of 'Gf.Ga.47-42' x 'Villard blanc' indicated only one major QTL region carrying factors directed against both U. necator and P. viticola operating in leaves and fruits. This region corresponds to the major QTL for downy mildew resistance of 'Regent' identified on linkage group 18.

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2014

Summary The present work studied the induction, multiplication and development of nodular cluster... more Summary The present work studied the induction, multiplication and development of nodular cluster cultures (NCC) of Vriesea reitzii, an endangered bromeliad species native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome, in different culture media under different culture conditions. Leaf basal segments of in vitro-grown plantlets were used as explants and inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in the presence or absence of light, followed by sub-culturing in or on PGR-free liquid or solidified culture media to promote multiplication. The induction of NCC, which occurred from the basal region of the explants, was observed in all culture media tested. Morphological features and regenerative efficiency were ascribed to the different culture media, based mainly on medium type, and the concentration and combination of PGRs, as well as on exposure to light or dark conditions. Green-coloured NCC with a granular texture showed a high regenerative efficiency in response to MS culture medium supplemented with 4 µM -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) plus 2 µM N6(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2-iP), or plus 2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), in cultures incubated under a 16 h photoperiod. Throughout the multiplication stage, regenerative efficiency showed a direct correlation with the composition of the induction medium in which the NCC had originated. Thus, NCC that originated from MS culture medium supplemented with 4 µM NAA and 2 µM 2-iP showed the highest regenerative efficiency (7.2 g g–1 of NCC). NCC that originated from MS culture medium supplemented with 2 µM NAA plus 4 µM BAP showed the highest number of regenerated microshoots (140.0 microshoots g–1). Therefore, the competence of NCC for having a high regenerative efficiency was related to the culture environment and to the type, concentration, and combination of PGRs added to the basal MS culture medium. In vitro-shoot elongation was obtained on filter paper bridges over PGR-free basal MS (BMS) liquid medium. Fully-developed and acclimatised plants were obtained in an ex vitro environment. Taking together, the results of the present study provide new and useful information on an in vitro protocol for the endangered bromeliad, V. reitzii, based on regeneration from nodular cluster cultures.

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

Disease resistance gene pyramiding is a widely used strategy to enhance resistance durability. Ma... more Disease resistance gene pyramiding is a widely used strategy to enhance resistance durability. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was applied to pyramide the alleles Run1 and Ren3, which confer resistance against grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). Two F 1 full-sibs carrying Run1 and Ren3 in heterozygosity were selfed to develop the breeding populations used in the analysis. From the 637 genotyped plants, 313 (50.6%) had the Run1 and Ren3 pyramided. Seven (1.1%) of them exhibited the two resistance alleles in homozygosity. Plants without any resistance alleles had the highest disease severity (X ̅ = 7.3), while the ones with the Run1 allele both in homozygosity and heterozygosity were highly resistant (X ̅ = 1.5). Similar level of resistance was observed in the plants containing Run1 and Ren3 pyramided (X ̅ = 1.3). Plants containing Run1 and Ren3 pyramided in homozygosity are important genetic resources for grape breeding programs in Brazil.

Anais do 60º Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural (SOBER)

Vitis: Journal of Grapevine Research, 2021

The present study aimed to investigate plant defense related pathways during Plasmopara viticola ... more The present study aimed to investigate plant defense related pathways during Plasmopara viticola infection in Vitis vinifera varieties. Plant material consisted of 'Chardonnay' (no Rpv), 'Regent' (Rpv3-1), 'Bronner' (Rpv3-3+Rpv10), 'Calardis Blanc' (Rpv3-1+Rpv3-2), and the breeding selection GF15 (Rpv1+Rpv3-1). Gene expression analysis was carried out for the varieties 'Regent', GF15, 'Bronner', and 'Chardonnay'. Hormonal quantification was performed for jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and trans-zeatin-ribose (tZR). The samples were collected from plants cultivated in vitro inoculated with Plasmopara viticola sporangia, and collected at 0, 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-days post inoculation (DPI) for gene expression; and 0, 3, 5, and 7 DPI for hormonal quantification. The results showed an interaction between genotype and time post inoculation in gene expression and hormonal pathway...