Leonardo Menchini - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Leonardo Menchini
Social Science Research Network, 2019
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Vaccines
Achieving a high level of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in a conflict-affected setting is challen... more Achieving a high level of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in a conflict-affected setting is challenging. The objective of this paper is to shed further light on the main determinants of vaccination coverage using a large, cross-sectional sample (October–November 2022) of over 17,000 adults in Syria. We find evidence that certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics describe a core set of vaccination personas. Men, older respondents, and those who are more educated and trust information received from healthcare authorities are more likely to be vaccinated. Healthcare workers in this sample are highly vaccinated. Furthermore, respondents with more positive views towards COVID-19 vaccines are also more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. By contrast, respondents who believe that vaccines are associated with significant side effects are also more likely to refuse vaccination. In addition, younger respondents and women, as well as those with a lower level of education, are more...
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Innocenti discussion paper, Nov 30, 2007
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Vaccines
We used three rounds of a repeated cross-sectional survey on COVID-19 vaccination conducted throu... more We used three rounds of a repeated cross-sectional survey on COVID-19 vaccination conducted throughout the entire territory of Yemen to: (i) describe the demographic and socio-economic characteristics associated with willingness to be vaccinated; (ii) analyse the link between beliefs associated with COVID-19 vaccines and willingness to be vaccinated; and (iii) analyse the potential platforms that could be used to target vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine coverage in Yemen. Over two-thirds of respondents were either unwilling or unsure about vaccination across the three rounds. We found that gender, age, and educational attainment were significant correlates of vaccination status. Respondents with better knowledge about the virus and with greater confidence in the capacity of the authorities (and their own) to deal with the virus were more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. Consistent with the health belief model, practising one (or more) COVID-19 preventative measures was ass...
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The children left behind A league table of inequality in child well-being in the world’s rich cou... more The children left behind A league table of inequality in child well-being in the world’s rich countries
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Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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Innocenti Working Papers, 2012
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Innocenti Working Papers, 2012
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The pace and distribution of health improvements during the last 40 years: some preliminary results
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This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in income growth and distribution with th... more This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in income growth and distribution with the mortality changes recorded at the aggregate level in about 170 countries and at the individual level in 26 countries with at least two demographic and health surveys covering the last twenty years. Over the 1980s and 1990s, the infant mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, and life expectancy at birth mostly continued the favourable trends that characterized the 1960s and 1970s. Yet, especially in the 1990s, the pace of health improvement was slower than that recorded during the prior decades. In addition, the distribution between countries of aggregate health improvements became markedly more skewed. These trends are in part explained by the negative changes recorded in sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe, but are robust to the removal of the two regions from the sample. This tendency is observed also at the intraregional level, with the exception of Western Europe. Thirdly, demogr...
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After two decades of transition the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth ... more After two decades of transition the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States face an increasingly diverse mix of old and new policy challenges to improving child well-being and realizing children’s rights. While attempts have been made to reflect these challenges and diversities by constructing indices of child well-being which measure and rank overall performance by individual countries, this paper proposes a simplified approach which examines five different dimensions of child well-being separately, using several indicators for each dimension that allow cross-country comparison. The dimensions included in the analysis are income, health, education, housing and deprivation of parental up-bringing. The results highlight a divergence of child well-being priorities in the selected dimensions for the different countries and for different age groups of children. The analysis shows that in the 2000-2008 period the situation of children improved i...
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This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in indicators of income growth and distri... more This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in indicators of income growth and distribution with the mortality changes recorded at the aggregate level in about 170 countries and at the individual level in 21 countries with at least two Demographic and Health Surveys covering the last twenty years. Over the 1980s-and 1990s, the infant-mortality rate (IMR), under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) and Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) mostly continued the favourable trends that characterized the 1960s and 1970s. Yet, especially, the 1990s the pace of health improvement was slower than that recorded during the prior decades. In addition, the distribution between countries of aggregate health improvements became markedly more skewed. These trends are in part explained by the negative changes recorded in SubSaharan Africa and Eastern Europe, but are robust to the removal of the two regions from the sample. This tendency is observed also at the intra-regional level, with the exception of We...
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This paper focuses on the transition from school to labour market for the generation of young peo... more This paper focuses on the transition from school to labour market for the generation of young people in CEE/CIS who experienced the most turbulent years of the transition in their formative years. Using administrative data on school enrolment, as well as data from labour force surveys, the paper tracks the main trends in education enrollments in primary, lower and upper secondary, showing that the impact of the economic difficulties of the early 1990s was greater in the poorest countries of the region, and was reflected in particular in falling enrollments for the non-compulsory levels of education. The post-1998 period of economic recovery brought with it a marked divergence between upper secondary education enrollments in the Central and Eastern European countries, and the rest of the region. However, data on enrollments give only a partial picture of what happened to the school system during the transition; statistics on attendance and achievements from other data sources suggest...
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The objective of this paper is three-fold: (i) to analyse the coverage and equity of access to se... more The objective of this paper is three-fold: (i) to analyse the coverage and equity of access to selected maternal and child healthcare interventions, particularly those delivered in Primary Healthcare (PHC) setting; (ii) to analyse the main drivers of inequitable access to selected interventions; and (iii) to synthesise and compare the results across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as well as over time. We analysed data for five key maternal and child healthcare interventions from 29 national surveys (DHS and MICS) covering 13 MENA countries and spanning a period of almost 20 years (2000–2018). We calculated coverage indicators, concentration indices (CI) and decomposition of CIs according to standard definitions. We synthetized the results by country groups based on their human development index (HDI). Over time and among countries that started from a lower base, there has been an improvement in coverage and equity of selected interventions (four ante-natal care visit...
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Journal of Global Health
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UNICEF Innocenti Working Papers are intended to disseminate research contributions within the sco... more UNICEF Innocenti Working Papers are intended to disseminate research contributions within the scope of the Centre’s programme of work, addressing social, economic and institutional aspects of the realisation of the human rights of children. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of UNICEF. Extracts from this publication may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement.
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Poverty, Urbanity and Social Policy: Central and …, 2009
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The idea of this research project is to let the children establish their priorities developing a ... more The idea of this research project is to let the children establish their priorities developing a bottom-up strategy for understanding children's well-being. The subjects of this research are the children participating to the "Children's World Congress on Child Labour" that was held in Florence (Italy) between the 10th and the 13th of May 2004 organised by the Global March Against Child Labour and other associations. Children are called to express their opinion on the most relevant issues related to their childhood and adolescence and they are asked to identify a list of relevant capabilities. The main aims of this paper are two. The first is to present a theoretical background on children capabilities. The second is to identify a list of relevant capabilities according to the results of an ad hoc survey and the qualitative information collected during a focus group discussion. In last section of the paper the research results are discussed on the base of their pote...
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Social Science Research Network, 2019
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Vaccines
Achieving a high level of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in a conflict-affected setting is challen... more Achieving a high level of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in a conflict-affected setting is challenging. The objective of this paper is to shed further light on the main determinants of vaccination coverage using a large, cross-sectional sample (October–November 2022) of over 17,000 adults in Syria. We find evidence that certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics describe a core set of vaccination personas. Men, older respondents, and those who are more educated and trust information received from healthcare authorities are more likely to be vaccinated. Healthcare workers in this sample are highly vaccinated. Furthermore, respondents with more positive views towards COVID-19 vaccines are also more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. By contrast, respondents who believe that vaccines are associated with significant side effects are also more likely to refuse vaccination. In addition, younger respondents and women, as well as those with a lower level of education, are more...
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Innocenti discussion paper, Nov 30, 2007
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Vaccines
We used three rounds of a repeated cross-sectional survey on COVID-19 vaccination conducted throu... more We used three rounds of a repeated cross-sectional survey on COVID-19 vaccination conducted throughout the entire territory of Yemen to: (i) describe the demographic and socio-economic characteristics associated with willingness to be vaccinated; (ii) analyse the link between beliefs associated with COVID-19 vaccines and willingness to be vaccinated; and (iii) analyse the potential platforms that could be used to target vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine coverage in Yemen. Over two-thirds of respondents were either unwilling or unsure about vaccination across the three rounds. We found that gender, age, and educational attainment were significant correlates of vaccination status. Respondents with better knowledge about the virus and with greater confidence in the capacity of the authorities (and their own) to deal with the virus were more likely to be willing to be vaccinated. Consistent with the health belief model, practising one (or more) COVID-19 preventative measures was ass...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The children left behind A league table of inequality in child well-being in the world’s rich cou... more The children left behind A league table of inequality in child well-being in the world’s rich countries
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Innocenti Working Papers, 2012
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Innocenti Working Papers, 2012
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The pace and distribution of health improvements during the last 40 years: some preliminary results
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in income growth and distribution with th... more This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in income growth and distribution with the mortality changes recorded at the aggregate level in about 170 countries and at the individual level in 26 countries with at least two demographic and health surveys covering the last twenty years. Over the 1980s and 1990s, the infant mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, and life expectancy at birth mostly continued the favourable trends that characterized the 1960s and 1970s. Yet, especially in the 1990s, the pace of health improvement was slower than that recorded during the prior decades. In addition, the distribution between countries of aggregate health improvements became markedly more skewed. These trends are in part explained by the negative changes recorded in sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe, but are robust to the removal of the two regions from the sample. This tendency is observed also at the intraregional level, with the exception of Western Europe. Thirdly, demogr...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
After two decades of transition the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth ... more After two decades of transition the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States face an increasingly diverse mix of old and new policy challenges to improving child well-being and realizing children’s rights. While attempts have been made to reflect these challenges and diversities by constructing indices of child well-being which measure and rank overall performance by individual countries, this paper proposes a simplified approach which examines five different dimensions of child well-being separately, using several indicators for each dimension that allow cross-country comparison. The dimensions included in the analysis are income, health, education, housing and deprivation of parental up-bringing. The results highlight a divergence of child well-being priorities in the selected dimensions for the different countries and for different age groups of children. The analysis shows that in the 2000-2008 period the situation of children improved i...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in indicators of income growth and distri... more This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in indicators of income growth and distribution with the mortality changes recorded at the aggregate level in about 170 countries and at the individual level in 21 countries with at least two Demographic and Health Surveys covering the last twenty years. Over the 1980s-and 1990s, the infant-mortality rate (IMR), under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) and Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) mostly continued the favourable trends that characterized the 1960s and 1970s. Yet, especially, the 1990s the pace of health improvement was slower than that recorded during the prior decades. In addition, the distribution between countries of aggregate health improvements became markedly more skewed. These trends are in part explained by the negative changes recorded in SubSaharan Africa and Eastern Europe, but are robust to the removal of the two regions from the sample. This tendency is observed also at the intra-regional level, with the exception of We...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This paper focuses on the transition from school to labour market for the generation of young peo... more This paper focuses on the transition from school to labour market for the generation of young people in CEE/CIS who experienced the most turbulent years of the transition in their formative years. Using administrative data on school enrolment, as well as data from labour force surveys, the paper tracks the main trends in education enrollments in primary, lower and upper secondary, showing that the impact of the economic difficulties of the early 1990s was greater in the poorest countries of the region, and was reflected in particular in falling enrollments for the non-compulsory levels of education. The post-1998 period of economic recovery brought with it a marked divergence between upper secondary education enrollments in the Central and Eastern European countries, and the rest of the region. However, data on enrollments give only a partial picture of what happened to the school system during the transition; statistics on attendance and achievements from other data sources suggest...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The objective of this paper is three-fold: (i) to analyse the coverage and equity of access to se... more The objective of this paper is three-fold: (i) to analyse the coverage and equity of access to selected maternal and child healthcare interventions, particularly those delivered in Primary Healthcare (PHC) setting; (ii) to analyse the main drivers of inequitable access to selected interventions; and (iii) to synthesise and compare the results across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as well as over time. We analysed data for five key maternal and child healthcare interventions from 29 national surveys (DHS and MICS) covering 13 MENA countries and spanning a period of almost 20 years (2000–2018). We calculated coverage indicators, concentration indices (CI) and decomposition of CIs according to standard definitions. We synthetized the results by country groups based on their human development index (HDI). Over time and among countries that started from a lower base, there has been an improvement in coverage and equity of selected interventions (four ante-natal care visit...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Global Health
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
UNICEF Innocenti Working Papers are intended to disseminate research contributions within the sco... more UNICEF Innocenti Working Papers are intended to disseminate research contributions within the scope of the Centre’s programme of work, addressing social, economic and institutional aspects of the realisation of the human rights of children. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of UNICEF. Extracts from this publication may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Poverty, Urbanity and Social Policy: Central and …, 2009
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The idea of this research project is to let the children establish their priorities developing a ... more The idea of this research project is to let the children establish their priorities developing a bottom-up strategy for understanding children's well-being. The subjects of this research are the children participating to the "Children's World Congress on Child Labour" that was held in Florence (Italy) between the 10th and the 13th of May 2004 organised by the Global March Against Child Labour and other associations. Children are called to express their opinion on the most relevant issues related to their childhood and adolescence and they are asked to identify a list of relevant capabilities. The main aims of this paper are two. The first is to present a theoretical background on children capabilities. The second is to identify a list of relevant capabilities according to the results of an ad hoc survey and the qualitative information collected during a focus group discussion. In last section of the paper the research results are discussed on the base of their pote...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact