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The First Defense Line Against Chronic Pain, 2021

The First Defense Line Against Chronic Pain Lerer, Z. The Academic College at Wingate, Israel. Ph... more The First Defense Line Against Chronic Pain
Lerer, Z. The Academic College at Wingate, Israel.
Physical activity (PA) is important for human health (Dobson et al., 2014; Ho et al., 2016) and its absence rises the risk for illness and chronic pain (CP) (Rabbitts et al., 2014; Sluka et al., 2013). Therefor it is necessary to implement an active and healthy way of living throw daily PA (Ho et al., 2016; Rabbitts et al., 2014). Although pain itself is a defense mechanism CP is futile and has no practical us. CP is one of the most common health problems and it affect the quality of life (QOL) of about 20% of humanity (Dobson et al., 2014; Sluka et al., 2013; Treede et al., 2015; Zdziarski et al., 2015).
A new classification of CP by its origins was published in the ICD-11 (June 2018). This new classification makes it easier to outline specific ways to treat CP (Treede et al., 2015).
It is known for some time that PA is an affective pain reducer (Sluka et al., 2013) by activating mechanisms like release of opioids, endorphins and Neurotrophin-3 (Daenen et al., 2015; Dobson et al., 2014) and bosting HSP72 protein that is involved in reducing sensation of pain (Daenen et al., 2015; Dobson et al., 2014).
PA avoidance because of CP, lack of persistence or other encumbrances spoils the continuity of PA and makes it more difficult to use it as an effective treatment (Ho et al., 2016; Kakushi et al., 2008; Rabbitts et al., 2014; Zdziarski et al., 2015).
In most cases of CP, it is found that aerobic exercise (AE) is the most beneficial (Daenen et al., 2015; Juhl et al., 2014; Rabbitts et al., 2014; Sertel et al., 2017; Zdziarski et al., 2015). But it's better to start with resistance exercise (RE) to improve joint stability and reduce the chance of enhancing pain (Zdziarski et al., 2015). In any case the best way it to combine AE with RE (Searle et al., 2015; Zdziarski et al., 2015).
Other forms of exercise like: Chikunga, Yoga, Flexibility and Aquatic-Therapy where found beneficial for CP reduction (Matsumoto et al., 2011; Sherman et al., 2005; Southerst et al., 2016; Zdziarski et al., 2015). Ene though heat treatment in a dray sauna is not a traditional PA it was also found beneficial for pain reduction (Matsumoto et al., 2011; Matsushita et al., 2008; Kakushi et al., 2008).

Integrative Swimming Instruction: Swimming through Understanding, 2018

Background: In the past 2-3 decades we are witnessing a linear decline in children's motor skills... more Background: In the past 2-3 decades we are witnessing a linear decline in children's motor skills, coordination and aquatic adaptation. Literature suggests that this is due to insufficient exposure to movement experience in the early developmental stages of life and insufficient exposure to aquatic environments. A brief literature review shows a growing use of integrative approaches in motor skills learning and in school teaching. Thus, it is hypothesized that similar approach (i.e. Integrative) in swimming instruction (ISI) should be more affective then traditional swimming instruction (TSI) approaches that don't relate to student's rising needs that weren't there before.
Aims: Will implementing an integrative approach to swimming instruction will improve student's swimming level at the end of the learning period and will it effect their durability in swimming classes after that period.
ISI approach is constructed as a spiral evolving process with inconspicuous transition between the rings that are separated in their goals and teaching methods.
Method: 148 swimming students in age range of 4-8 participated ISI classes over a period of 2 years. The control group included 164 swimming students in the same age range that participated TSI for 2 years earlier. All students where classified in the beginning and each month till the end of the learning period.
Results: It was found that 90% of kindergarten ISI students (age 4-6) managed to swim 50 meters (25 Freestyle and 25 Backstroke) in deep waters compared to only 10% of the control group that managed that. 90% of the control group swam 12½ meters Freestyle and 12½ Backstroke in shallow water. Farther findings showed that elementary school ISI students (age 6-8) managed to swim 50 meters (25 Freestyle and 25 Backstroke) in deep waters compared to 60% of the control group that managed that. 40% of the control group swam 12½ meters Freestyle and 12½ Backstroke in shallow water. Finally, it was found that 90% of kindergarten ISI students and 60% of elementary school ISI students stayed for at least 1 year in advanced swimming classes compared to 40% of kindergarten TSI students and 30% of elementary school TSI students.
Discussion and conclusions: In a changing world we need to seek out new and innovative ways to teach our children. We showed that new swimming instruction approaches can be beneficial in short and long term. However, farther investigation is needed to see ISI's contribution to swimmer's durability in swimming classes over longer periods of time and in their ability to excel compared to TSI swimmers.

Adaptive Swimming - From a Case Study to Guidelines, 2015

Background: A 65-year-old woman suffering of "Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis" (DISH) in... more Background: A 65-year-old woman suffering of "Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis" (DISH) in her Knees, Cervical Spinal Cord (C5-C6 fixated), Lumbar Spinal Cord (L5-S1 fixated), Shoulders (dislocation) and Hip Joints. Left Greater Trochanter inflamed and "Fibromyalgia" diagnosis. In addition, a "Peripheral Vestibular Disorders" resulting "Vertigo" while laying on her back. Her doctor suggested gradually improving her fitness using swimming since she needed "Moderate Aerobic Activity" could not do "Dry Land" activity.
Objective: Adopting a swimming style while considering all the woman's impairments, allowing her to exercise moderate aerobic activity and improving muscle tension.
Line of Taught: Breaststroke and Butterfly involves a shear movement of the spinal cord and either adduction-abduction movement in the hip joint or a very high shoulder movement range and stress. In Backstroke, she felt the "Vertigo". Freestyle involves a twist movement in the spinal cord, flexion-extension in the hip joint and a possibility of limiting the movement range of the shoulder. However, rolling the hade can to the side to enable breathing was impossible.
Solutions: Applying a "Front Snorkel" for breathing. Adapting a smaller movement range in the shoulder. Gentle flexion-extension movement in the hip joint.
Derived guidelines for "Adaptive Swimming":
1. Movement limitations in the spinal cord prevent swimmers of performing "Breaststroke" and "Butterfly".
2. Movement limitations in the major joints forces the swimmer to adapt smaller movement patterns.
3. Peripheral Vestibular Disorders may prevent "Backstroke" swimming although earplugs could minimize the problem.
4. A front snorkel used to aid breathing.

The First Defense Line Against Chronic Pain, 2021

The First Defense Line Against Chronic Pain Lerer, Z. The Academic College at Wingate, Israel. Ph... more The First Defense Line Against Chronic Pain
Lerer, Z. The Academic College at Wingate, Israel.
Physical activity (PA) is important for human health (Dobson et al., 2014; Ho et al., 2016) and its absence rises the risk for illness and chronic pain (CP) (Rabbitts et al., 2014; Sluka et al., 2013). Therefor it is necessary to implement an active and healthy way of living throw daily PA (Ho et al., 2016; Rabbitts et al., 2014). Although pain itself is a defense mechanism CP is futile and has no practical us. CP is one of the most common health problems and it affect the quality of life (QOL) of about 20% of humanity (Dobson et al., 2014; Sluka et al., 2013; Treede et al., 2015; Zdziarski et al., 2015).
A new classification of CP by its origins was published in the ICD-11 (June 2018). This new classification makes it easier to outline specific ways to treat CP (Treede et al., 2015).
It is known for some time that PA is an affective pain reducer (Sluka et al., 2013) by activating mechanisms like release of opioids, endorphins and Neurotrophin-3 (Daenen et al., 2015; Dobson et al., 2014) and bosting HSP72 protein that is involved in reducing sensation of pain (Daenen et al., 2015; Dobson et al., 2014).
PA avoidance because of CP, lack of persistence or other encumbrances spoils the continuity of PA and makes it more difficult to use it as an effective treatment (Ho et al., 2016; Kakushi et al., 2008; Rabbitts et al., 2014; Zdziarski et al., 2015).
In most cases of CP, it is found that aerobic exercise (AE) is the most beneficial (Daenen et al., 2015; Juhl et al., 2014; Rabbitts et al., 2014; Sertel et al., 2017; Zdziarski et al., 2015). But it's better to start with resistance exercise (RE) to improve joint stability and reduce the chance of enhancing pain (Zdziarski et al., 2015). In any case the best way it to combine AE with RE (Searle et al., 2015; Zdziarski et al., 2015).
Other forms of exercise like: Chikunga, Yoga, Flexibility and Aquatic-Therapy where found beneficial for CP reduction (Matsumoto et al., 2011; Sherman et al., 2005; Southerst et al., 2016; Zdziarski et al., 2015). Ene though heat treatment in a dray sauna is not a traditional PA it was also found beneficial for pain reduction (Matsumoto et al., 2011; Matsushita et al., 2008; Kakushi et al., 2008).

Integrative Swimming Instruction: Swimming through Understanding, 2018

Background: In the past 2-3 decades we are witnessing a linear decline in children's motor skills... more Background: In the past 2-3 decades we are witnessing a linear decline in children's motor skills, coordination and aquatic adaptation. Literature suggests that this is due to insufficient exposure to movement experience in the early developmental stages of life and insufficient exposure to aquatic environments. A brief literature review shows a growing use of integrative approaches in motor skills learning and in school teaching. Thus, it is hypothesized that similar approach (i.e. Integrative) in swimming instruction (ISI) should be more affective then traditional swimming instruction (TSI) approaches that don't relate to student's rising needs that weren't there before.
Aims: Will implementing an integrative approach to swimming instruction will improve student's swimming level at the end of the learning period and will it effect their durability in swimming classes after that period.
ISI approach is constructed as a spiral evolving process with inconspicuous transition between the rings that are separated in their goals and teaching methods.
Method: 148 swimming students in age range of 4-8 participated ISI classes over a period of 2 years. The control group included 164 swimming students in the same age range that participated TSI for 2 years earlier. All students where classified in the beginning and each month till the end of the learning period.
Results: It was found that 90% of kindergarten ISI students (age 4-6) managed to swim 50 meters (25 Freestyle and 25 Backstroke) in deep waters compared to only 10% of the control group that managed that. 90% of the control group swam 12½ meters Freestyle and 12½ Backstroke in shallow water. Farther findings showed that elementary school ISI students (age 6-8) managed to swim 50 meters (25 Freestyle and 25 Backstroke) in deep waters compared to 60% of the control group that managed that. 40% of the control group swam 12½ meters Freestyle and 12½ Backstroke in shallow water. Finally, it was found that 90% of kindergarten ISI students and 60% of elementary school ISI students stayed for at least 1 year in advanced swimming classes compared to 40% of kindergarten TSI students and 30% of elementary school TSI students.
Discussion and conclusions: In a changing world we need to seek out new and innovative ways to teach our children. We showed that new swimming instruction approaches can be beneficial in short and long term. However, farther investigation is needed to see ISI's contribution to swimmer's durability in swimming classes over longer periods of time and in their ability to excel compared to TSI swimmers.

Adaptive Swimming - From a Case Study to Guidelines, 2015

Background: A 65-year-old woman suffering of "Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis" (DISH) in... more Background: A 65-year-old woman suffering of "Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis" (DISH) in her Knees, Cervical Spinal Cord (C5-C6 fixated), Lumbar Spinal Cord (L5-S1 fixated), Shoulders (dislocation) and Hip Joints. Left Greater Trochanter inflamed and "Fibromyalgia" diagnosis. In addition, a "Peripheral Vestibular Disorders" resulting "Vertigo" while laying on her back. Her doctor suggested gradually improving her fitness using swimming since she needed "Moderate Aerobic Activity" could not do "Dry Land" activity.
Objective: Adopting a swimming style while considering all the woman's impairments, allowing her to exercise moderate aerobic activity and improving muscle tension.
Line of Taught: Breaststroke and Butterfly involves a shear movement of the spinal cord and either adduction-abduction movement in the hip joint or a very high shoulder movement range and stress. In Backstroke, she felt the "Vertigo". Freestyle involves a twist movement in the spinal cord, flexion-extension in the hip joint and a possibility of limiting the movement range of the shoulder. However, rolling the hade can to the side to enable breathing was impossible.
Solutions: Applying a "Front Snorkel" for breathing. Adapting a smaller movement range in the shoulder. Gentle flexion-extension movement in the hip joint.
Derived guidelines for "Adaptive Swimming":
1. Movement limitations in the spinal cord prevent swimmers of performing "Breaststroke" and "Butterfly".
2. Movement limitations in the major joints forces the swimmer to adapt smaller movement patterns.
3. Peripheral Vestibular Disorders may prevent "Backstroke" swimming although earplugs could minimize the problem.
4. A front snorkel used to aid breathing.