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Papers by Liliana Locamoux

Excellence in Research Awards, 2008

Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 2007

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery dis... more Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated the presence of aPL in patients with chest pain/acute coronary syndromes (ACS) to determine if aPL were associated with the presence and severity of CAD, adverse outcomes, and other coronary risk factors. Patients with chest pain/ACS were evaluated for aPL prior to diagnostic and therapeutic investigations. Coronary angiograms were graded according to the severity of disease. Risk factors, including family histories, were assessed and patients were followed for adverse outcomes. To date, 232 patients (116 M, 116 F, mean age 63 years) with a mean follow-up of 9 months were studied. Thirty-seven percent (86/232) were positive for one or more aPL. More women, 49/86 (57%), were aPL positive versus men, 37/86 (43%). The presence of aPL appeared associated with both presence and severity of CAD (P = 0.176 women; P = 0.163 men). In patients undergoing procedures (angioplasty, stent, bypass), aPL was significantly associated with both an increase in adverse cardiac outcomes (P = 0.045) and extracardiac thrombotic events (P = 0.033). Anti-beta2 glycoprotein-1 (abeta2GP1) was the most frequent aPL, occurring in 68.5% of aPL-positive patients with CAD. Anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) occurred in only 7.4%. IgM isotypes were the most frequent for all categories of aPL (range 55-90%). Family history of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)-related events was more significant in aPL-positive than aPL-negative individuals (P = 0.027).

Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 2007

Abstract: The immunolocalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), β2-glycoprotein I... more Abstract: The immunolocalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI), CD4+/CD8+ immunoreactive lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins in atherosclerotic lesions strongly suggested an active participation of the immune system in atherogenesis. Oxidative stress leading to ox-LDL production is thought to play a central role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. ox-LDL is highly proinflammatory and chemotactic for macrophage/monocyte and immune cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure circulating ox-LDL have been developed and are being currently used to assess oxidative stress as risk factor or marker of atherosclerotic disease. ox-LDL interacts with β2GPI and circulating ox-LDL/β2GPI complexes have been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It has been postulated that β2GPI binds ox-LDL to neutralize its proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects. Because β2GPI is ubiquitous in plasma, its interaction with ox-LDL may mask oxidized epitopes recognized by capture antibodies potentially interfering with immunoassays results. The measurement of ox-LDL/β2GPI complexes may circumvent this interference representing a more physiological and accurate way of measuring ox-LDL.

Geophysical Research Letters, 2005

1] We report observations and analysis of 30 kHz radio emissions (sferics) from lightning dischar... more 1] We report observations and analysis of 30 kHz radio emissions (sferics) from lightning discharges associated with 26 terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) recorded by the RHESSI satellite over the Caribbean and Americas, between 1500 and 4000 km away from the magnetic field sensors located at Duke University. Thirteen of the TGFs are found to occur within À3/+1 ms of lightning discharges of positive polarity from the direction of the RHESSI subsatellite point, strongly indicating that the TGFs are linked to these discharges. The event timing and sferic direction finding reveals that the discharges occur within a $300 km radius circle around the RHESSI subsatellite point. Although the positive polarity of all 13 discharges is consistent with runaway breakdown, the lightning charge moment changes are approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than present high altitude runaway breakdown theory predicts. Implications of these measurements are discussed. Citation: Cummer, S. A.,

Geophysical Research Letters, 2006

1] Atmospheric electric field change (sferic) waveforms were detected at Los Alamos Sferic Array ... more 1] Atmospheric electric field change (sferic) waveforms were detected at Los Alamos Sferic Array stations in association with terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). Five TGF sferic waveforms detected at sufficiently close range were all found to be consistent with a positive-polarity intracloud (+IC) discharge process which transported electrons upward. The amplitudes of the events were among the top 5% of IC discharge flashes. Altitudes obtained from ionosphere reflections for two of the closer events were found to be 13.6 km and 11.5 km. These altitudes are lower than expected if one assumes that the sferic was near the source of the gamma-rays. One of the sferics was an energetic narrow bipolar event which occurred near the inferred onset of a flash, suggesting that the preceding TGF may correspond to the actual onset.

Excellence in Research Awards, 2008

Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 2007

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery dis... more Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated the presence of aPL in patients with chest pain/acute coronary syndromes (ACS) to determine if aPL were associated with the presence and severity of CAD, adverse outcomes, and other coronary risk factors. Patients with chest pain/ACS were evaluated for aPL prior to diagnostic and therapeutic investigations. Coronary angiograms were graded according to the severity of disease. Risk factors, including family histories, were assessed and patients were followed for adverse outcomes. To date, 232 patients (116 M, 116 F, mean age 63 years) with a mean follow-up of 9 months were studied. Thirty-seven percent (86/232) were positive for one or more aPL. More women, 49/86 (57%), were aPL positive versus men, 37/86 (43%). The presence of aPL appeared associated with both presence and severity of CAD (P = 0.176 women; P = 0.163 men). In patients undergoing procedures (angioplasty, stent, bypass), aPL was significantly associated with both an increase in adverse cardiac outcomes (P = 0.045) and extracardiac thrombotic events (P = 0.033). Anti-beta2 glycoprotein-1 (abeta2GP1) was the most frequent aPL, occurring in 68.5% of aPL-positive patients with CAD. Anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) occurred in only 7.4%. IgM isotypes were the most frequent for all categories of aPL (range 55-90%). Family history of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)-related events was more significant in aPL-positive than aPL-negative individuals (P = 0.027).

Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 2007

Abstract: The immunolocalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), β2-glycoprotein I... more Abstract: The immunolocalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI), CD4+/CD8+ immunoreactive lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins in atherosclerotic lesions strongly suggested an active participation of the immune system in atherogenesis. Oxidative stress leading to ox-LDL production is thought to play a central role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. ox-LDL is highly proinflammatory and chemotactic for macrophage/monocyte and immune cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure circulating ox-LDL have been developed and are being currently used to assess oxidative stress as risk factor or marker of atherosclerotic disease. ox-LDL interacts with β2GPI and circulating ox-LDL/β2GPI complexes have been demonstrated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). It has been postulated that β2GPI binds ox-LDL to neutralize its proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects. Because β2GPI is ubiquitous in plasma, its interaction with ox-LDL may mask oxidized epitopes recognized by capture antibodies potentially interfering with immunoassays results. The measurement of ox-LDL/β2GPI complexes may circumvent this interference representing a more physiological and accurate way of measuring ox-LDL.

Geophysical Research Letters, 2005

1] We report observations and analysis of 30 kHz radio emissions (sferics) from lightning dischar... more 1] We report observations and analysis of 30 kHz radio emissions (sferics) from lightning discharges associated with 26 terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) recorded by the RHESSI satellite over the Caribbean and Americas, between 1500 and 4000 km away from the magnetic field sensors located at Duke University. Thirteen of the TGFs are found to occur within À3/+1 ms of lightning discharges of positive polarity from the direction of the RHESSI subsatellite point, strongly indicating that the TGFs are linked to these discharges. The event timing and sferic direction finding reveals that the discharges occur within a $300 km radius circle around the RHESSI subsatellite point. Although the positive polarity of all 13 discharges is consistent with runaway breakdown, the lightning charge moment changes are approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than present high altitude runaway breakdown theory predicts. Implications of these measurements are discussed. Citation: Cummer, S. A.,

Geophysical Research Letters, 2006

1] Atmospheric electric field change (sferic) waveforms were detected at Los Alamos Sferic Array ... more 1] Atmospheric electric field change (sferic) waveforms were detected at Los Alamos Sferic Array stations in association with terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). Five TGF sferic waveforms detected at sufficiently close range were all found to be consistent with a positive-polarity intracloud (+IC) discharge process which transported electrons upward. The amplitudes of the events were among the top 5% of IC discharge flashes. Altitudes obtained from ionosphere reflections for two of the closer events were found to be 13.6 km and 11.5 km. These altitudes are lower than expected if one assumes that the sferic was near the source of the gamma-rays. One of the sferics was an energetic narrow bipolar event which occurred near the inferred onset of a flash, suggesting that the preceding TGF may correspond to the actual onset.