Jingyuan Lin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jingyuan Lin

Scientific Reports

Warning sign plays an important role in risk avoidance. Many studies have found that images are b... more Warning sign plays an important role in risk avoidance. Many studies have found that images are better warnings than text, while others have revealed flaws of image-only warning signs. To better understand the factors underlying the effectiveness of different types of warning signs (image only, text only, or image and text), this study adopted event-related potential technology to explore the differences at the neurocognitive level using the oddball paradigm and the Go/No-go paradigm. Together, the behavioral and electroencephalogram results showed that text-only warnings had the lowest effectiveness, but there was little difference between the image-only and image-and-text warnings. The differences in the effects of the three warning signs were mainly in the areas of attention and cognitive control, implying differences in the underlying cognitive processes. Therefore, in the design of warning signs, the effects of different design attributes on cognitive processing should be taken...

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

The target article presented a plausible argument that females' susceptibility to threats mig... more The target article presented a plausible argument that females' susceptibility to threats might be self-protection for staying alive, but some evidence requires scrutiny. We need to consider (1) the biases of narrative reviews, (2) subjective life quality, and (3) the shadow side of extreme reactions to threats before concluding that females' threat-based response is a self-protection mechanism that promotes survival.

American Journal of Health Behavior

Objective: Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including enga... more Objective: Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including engaging in health-enhancing behaviors and inhibition of health compromising behaviors. Sustained attention activates neural networks involved in episodic memory function, a critical cognition for healthy living. Acute exercise has been shown to activate these same neural networks. Thus, it is plausible that engaging in a sustained attention task and engaging in a bout of acute exercise may have an additive effect in enhancing memory function, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: 23 young adults (Mage = 20.7 years) completed 2 visits, with each visit occurring approximately 24 hours apart, in a counterbalanced order, including: (1) acute exercise with sustained attention, and (2) sustained attention only. Memory was assessed using a word-list paradigm and included a short- and long-term memory assessment. Sustained attention was induced via a sustained attention to response tas...

Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management

PLOS ONE, 2021

In the study of emotional memory bias in depressed individuals, most previous studies have used e... more In the study of emotional memory bias in depressed individuals, most previous studies have used emotional materials, but there were significant differences in the effects of different emotion-inducing methods on face memory. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different emotion-inducing methods on memory between healthy participants and non-clinically depressed participants. The results from experiment 1 showed that when feedback was used as induction, the memory performance of the non-clinical depression group was significantly higher than that of the healthy group under the condition of negative feedback. Under positive and neutral feedback, there were no significant differences between the two groups. In experiment 2, when emotional materials were used as a mode of induction, no significantly difference in each emotional condition between the healthy and depressed groups was found. The results of the present study show that different met...

Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2022

ABSTRACT Adventure tourism has recently received growing attention. Researchers often consider to... more ABSTRACT Adventure tourism has recently received growing attention. Researchers often consider tourists’ personal decisions in choosing tourism products. However, consumers do not always purchase such products solely for themselves; they occasionally decide for others as well. Yet little is known about the differences. Through behavioral experiments and eye-tracking technology, this study examines differences between self- and other-decisions in adventure tourism. Results show that participants tended to seek adventure in self-decisions and exhibited risk aversion in other-decisions. Overall, findings offer a theoretical basis and inspiration for the development and sale of adventure tourism products, tourism safety-related features, and other promotional attributes.

People with different levels of music experience have been reported to differ significantly in co... more People with different levels of music experience have been reported to differ significantly in cognitive abilities such as verbal memory, phonological awareness and reading development. However, studies often comparing the cognitive ability between musicians and non-musicians. Among the non-musicians, there are differences in music experience levels. Besides, many non-musicians with higher music experience than musicians. However, at present there is no reliable and valid measure of music experience in the literature. In the current study we developed the Music Background Experience Questionnaire for use in the field of music psychology. An initial set of 45 items was compiled based on the literature and on semi-structured interviews with 10 musicians and psychologists. These items were then tested in a pilot study of 402 participants. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, 11 items were selected and classified into the two dimensions of "music training" an...

Healthcare, 2020

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a long-term engagement in dif... more Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a long-term engagement in different types of physical exercise may influence resting-state brain networks differentially. In particular, we studied if there were differences in resting-state functional connectivity measures when comparing older women who are long-term practitioners of tai chi chuan or walking. Method: We recruited 20 older women who regularly practiced tai chi chuan (TCC group), and 22 older women who walked regularly (walking group). Both the TCC group and the walking group underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. The acquired rs-fMRI data of all participants were analyzed using independent component analysis. Age and years of education were added as co-variables. Results: There were significant differences in default network, sensory-motor network, and visual network of rs-fMRI between the TCC group and walking group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings o...

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for poor mental health of Chinese univ... more Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for poor mental health of Chinese university students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: Chinese nationwide on-line cross-sectional survey on university students, collected between February 12 th and 17 th , 2020. Primary outcome was prevalence of clinically-relevant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Secondary outcomes on poor mental health included prevalence of clinically-relevant anxiety and depressive symptoms, while posttraumatic growth was considered as indicator of effective coping reaction. Results: Of 2,500 invited Chinese university students, 2,038 completed the survey. Prevalence of clinically-relevant PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and post traumatic growth (PTG) was 30.8, 15.5, 23.3, and 66.9% respectively. Older age, knowing people who had been isolated, more ACEs, higher level of anxious attachment, and lower level of resilience all predicted primary outcome (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: A significant proportion of young adults exhibit clinically relevant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxious or depressive symptoms, but a larger portion of individuals showed to effectively cope with COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions promoting resilience should be provided, even remotely, to those subjects with specific risk factors to develop poor mental health during COVID-19 or other pandemics with social isolation.

Psychological Research, 2020

The function of emotion in enhancing memory has been proven by a large number of studies. However... more The function of emotion in enhancing memory has been proven by a large number of studies. However, previous studies mainly used emotional materials to induce emotions, and far fewer studies have examined how neutral stimuli and emotional event connections affect memory. In Experiment 1, the feedback from the results was used as an emotional event to explore the impact of connected emotions on memory. In Experiment 2, emotional materials were used to induce emotions, and the effects on memory in the two studies were compared. The emotions induced by the feedback resulted in positive emotions having the strongest effects on memory, while negative emotions had the weakest memory effect. However, when the emotional materials were used, there were different outcomes: negative emotional memories were the best, and neutral memories were the worst. Based on these results, we may conclude that different emotion-inducing methods have different effects on memory and that emotionally enhanced memory is not applicable to all emotion-inducing modes.

Children, 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of social support and self-efficacy wit... more The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of social support and self-efficacy with physical Activity (PA) and the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between social support and PA in Chinese adolescents. Participants included a total of 2341 Chinese adolescents (aged 12.75 ± 1.46 years). Self-reported instruments, including the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents, the social support revalued scale and the exercise self-efficacy scale, were used to measure physical activity, social support and exercise self-efficacy. Results showed that social support (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and exercise self-efficacy (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) were significant and positive predictors of PA among Chinese adolescents, and exercise self-efficacy was a significant mediator in the relationship between social support and PA (standardized effect size = 0.15, p < 0.001). Such findings were evident with similar patterns in both male and female adolescents. The fi...

Healthcare, 2020

Background: Cognitive decline is age relevant and it can start as early as middle age. The declin... more Background: Cognitive decline is age relevant and it can start as early as middle age. The decline becomes more obvious among older adults, which is highly associated with increased risk of developing dementia (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). White matter damage was found to be related to cognitive decline through aging. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of Tai Chi (TC) versus walking on the brain white matter network among Chinese elderly women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where 42 healthy elderly women were included. Tai Chi practitioners (20 females, average age: 62.9 ± 2.38 years, education level 9.05 ± 1.8 years) and the matched walking participants (22 females, average age: 63.27 ± 3.58 years, educational level: 8.86 ± 2.74 years) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theory were employed to study the data, construct the white matter matrix, and compare the...

Psychological Research, 2019

Many studies have indicated that executing a secondary task during encoding has little influence ... more Many studies have indicated that executing a secondary task during encoding has little influence on implicit memory (priming effect). However, relatively few studies have discussed the effect of interference on implicit memory during retrieval. Our previous studies found asymmetry between implicit encoding and retrieval processes, with the priming effect disrupted by retrieval interference. Therefore, the present study investigated why and how the priming effect is affected by interference at retrieval. We adopted a dual-task paradigm, with a lexical decision task as the memory task and an odd-even decision task as the interference task. The effect of interference during retrieval was assessed by comparing the performance in the interference condition with that in the full-attention condition. In Experiment 1, we observed that the priming effect was absent in the synchronous retrieval interference condition. In Experiment 2, asynchronous interference was also found to block the priming effect. To verify the assumption that the priming effect is sensitive to attentional resource competition during retrieval, we used two different manipulations (an extended stimulus interval in the dual-task paradigm, Experiment 3, and an interference inhibition manipulation, Experiment 4) known to reduce attentional distraction. In these experiments, the priming effect was protected from interference effects. We suggest that implicit memory retrieval could be regarded as a conditional automatic process that depends on a configuration of the cognitive system by attention and task sets. If the limited resources are occupied by another task, the implicit retrieval process can be impacted.

Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2016

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2020

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated restrictive measures have implic... more The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated restrictive measures have implications for depressive symptoms (henceforth depression) of young people and risk may be associated with their reduced physical activity (PA) level. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and PA among college students with different gender and gender role (masculinity traits and femininity traits) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and Methods: Cross-sectional study included 628 healthy college students from nineteen different locations. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales (CES-D), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the 50-item Chinese Sex-Role Inventory (CSRI-50) were used to measure depressive symptoms, PA continuous (weekly metabolic equivalent minutes, MET-minutes/week) and categorical indicators (activity level category) and gender role, respectively. The statistical analyses were used in partial correlation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, moderation model tests, and linear regression model tests. Results: Total of 34.72% participants had clinically relevant depression (16, CES-D scale). Total of 58.6% participants were classified as a "low" activity level for spending less time on PA. Depression significantly negatively correlated with MET-minutes/week in moderateintensity PA but not vigorous and walking scores. Of note, the depression-PA association was only moderated by the "low" activity level group in terms of categorical scores across gender groups. Participants with higher masculinity traits were less likely to have depression among all participants. Moreover, more recovered cases and fewer deaths could also predict the lower depression risk in the "high" activity level group. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity PA is beneficial for reducing depression risk among college students at a low activity level. College students with fewer masculinity traits (regardless of gender) are highly vulnerable to depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic seems critical to alleviating the burden of mental disorders of the public including depression.

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021

General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public port... more General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2020

Objective: This study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive functi... more Objective: This study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive function and (2) the effects of exercise on cognition while under hypoxia. Methods: Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled studies that investigated the effects of chronic or acute exercise on cognition under hypoxia were considered (Aim 2), as were studies investigating the effects of hypoxia on cognition (Aim 1). Results: In total, 18 studies met our inclusionary criteria for the systematic review, and 12 studies were meta-analyzed. Exposure to hypoxia impaired attentional ability (standardized mean difference (SMD = À0.4), executive function (SMD = À0.18), and memory function (SMD = À0.26) but not information processing (SMD = 0.27). Aggregated results indicated that performing exercise under a hypoxia setting had a significant effect on cognitive improvement (SMD = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.14 À 0.45, I 2 = 54%, p < 0.001). Various characteristics (e.g., age, cognitive task type, exercise type, exercise intensity, training type, and hypoxia level) moderated the effects of hypoxia and exercise on cognitive function. Conclusions: Exercise during exposure to hypoxia improves cognitive function. This association appears to be moderated by individual and exercise/hypoxia-related characteristics.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020

Introduction: Warning signs play a very important role in safeguarding life and property in dange... more Introduction: Warning signs play a very important role in safeguarding life and property in dangerous situations. Previous studies have mainly focused on the physical properties of warning signs, and few studies have been conducted on the different types. Methods: In Experiment 1, the oddball paradigm and the go/no-go paradigm were used to study the warning effect of different types of warning signs. In Experiment 2, the dual-task paradigm was adopted. Results: In Experiment 1, the results showed that a warning sign with text as content had the worst warning effect, followed by the combination of image and text, and a warning sign with an image as content had the best warning effect. In Experiment 2, it was found that different types of warning signs would have different effects on the performance of the secondary task. Conclusions: The reason for this may be the different processing methods used for text and image. Therefore, in dangerous situations that require a quick response, simple and understandable graphics should be used as the content of warning signs. In complex circumstances, it may be necessary to use a combination of image and text for warning sign content.

Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2018

Studies have shown that choline is a substance that is closely related to memory. Previous studie... more Studies have shown that choline is a substance that is closely related to memory. Previous studies focused on the effect of cholinergic drugs on explicit memory, and those results revealed that explicit memory is sensitive to most cholinergic drugs. However, relatively few studies have discussed the effect of cholinergic drugs on implicit memory. Furthermore, whether the effect of cholinergic drugs on implicit memory is consistent with that on explicit memory is still uncertain. The effect of cholinergic drugs on memory was investigated through the comparison between the participants with nicotine occasion and those without. We used lexical decision and lexical recognition tasks to test implicit and explicit memory, respectively. In Experiment 1, 30 participants participated in two occasions, two days apart. They participated once in memory tasks after receiving 12 mg/mL body weight of nicotine and once after receiving 0 mg/mL placebo. Experiment 2 examined whether receiving treatment before encoding or before the retrieval phase would moderate the cholinergic effect on explicit and implicit memory. In experiment 2, 19 participants participated in two experimental occasions, two days apart, as follows: after receiving 12 mg/mL body weight of nicotine before the encoding phase and after receiving nicotine before the retrieval phase. In addition, we adopted event-related potential (ERP) technology to observe the affected ERPs. Participants were instructed to respond to corresponding items by pressing keyboard. The reaction time and accuracy data on retrieval phase of the two memory tasks were recorded and analyzed. Implicit and explicit memory performance declined in the nicotine occasion in both experiments. It reflected that receiving nicotine not only impacted explicit memory but also implicit memory. Furthermore, nicotine effect was moderated by the level of processing at the encoding phase. Such impact only occurred on the deep processing level. Moreover, memory retrieval after receiving nicotine was affected. These effects were more significant on implicit memory retrieval than on explicit memory. The results of ERP data also showed that related ERPs of memory were affected by nicotine. In conclusion, results from the current study revealed that effect of cholinergic drugs were similar on implicit and explicit memory. The rest of the segregated results might have been due to the discrepancy of memory tasks rather than the difference in physiological mechanisms of the two memory types. Implicit memory and explicit memory might not belong to two extremely independent memory systems, because there was some covariant effect existing between them.

Scientific Reports

Warning sign plays an important role in risk avoidance. Many studies have found that images are b... more Warning sign plays an important role in risk avoidance. Many studies have found that images are better warnings than text, while others have revealed flaws of image-only warning signs. To better understand the factors underlying the effectiveness of different types of warning signs (image only, text only, or image and text), this study adopted event-related potential technology to explore the differences at the neurocognitive level using the oddball paradigm and the Go/No-go paradigm. Together, the behavioral and electroencephalogram results showed that text-only warnings had the lowest effectiveness, but there was little difference between the image-only and image-and-text warnings. The differences in the effects of the three warning signs were mainly in the areas of attention and cognitive control, implying differences in the underlying cognitive processes. Therefore, in the design of warning signs, the effects of different design attributes on cognitive processing should be taken...

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

The target article presented a plausible argument that females' susceptibility to threats mig... more The target article presented a plausible argument that females' susceptibility to threats might be self-protection for staying alive, but some evidence requires scrutiny. We need to consider (1) the biases of narrative reviews, (2) subjective life quality, and (3) the shadow side of extreme reactions to threats before concluding that females' threat-based response is a self-protection mechanism that promotes survival.

American Journal of Health Behavior

Objective: Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including enga... more Objective: Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including engaging in health-enhancing behaviors and inhibition of health compromising behaviors. Sustained attention activates neural networks involved in episodic memory function, a critical cognition for healthy living. Acute exercise has been shown to activate these same neural networks. Thus, it is plausible that engaging in a sustained attention task and engaging in a bout of acute exercise may have an additive effect in enhancing memory function, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: 23 young adults (Mage = 20.7 years) completed 2 visits, with each visit occurring approximately 24 hours apart, in a counterbalanced order, including: (1) acute exercise with sustained attention, and (2) sustained attention only. Memory was assessed using a word-list paradigm and included a short- and long-term memory assessment. Sustained attention was induced via a sustained attention to response tas...

Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management

PLOS ONE, 2021

In the study of emotional memory bias in depressed individuals, most previous studies have used e... more In the study of emotional memory bias in depressed individuals, most previous studies have used emotional materials, but there were significant differences in the effects of different emotion-inducing methods on face memory. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different emotion-inducing methods on memory between healthy participants and non-clinically depressed participants. The results from experiment 1 showed that when feedback was used as induction, the memory performance of the non-clinical depression group was significantly higher than that of the healthy group under the condition of negative feedback. Under positive and neutral feedback, there were no significant differences between the two groups. In experiment 2, when emotional materials were used as a mode of induction, no significantly difference in each emotional condition between the healthy and depressed groups was found. The results of the present study show that different met...

Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2022

ABSTRACT Adventure tourism has recently received growing attention. Researchers often consider to... more ABSTRACT Adventure tourism has recently received growing attention. Researchers often consider tourists’ personal decisions in choosing tourism products. However, consumers do not always purchase such products solely for themselves; they occasionally decide for others as well. Yet little is known about the differences. Through behavioral experiments and eye-tracking technology, this study examines differences between self- and other-decisions in adventure tourism. Results show that participants tended to seek adventure in self-decisions and exhibited risk aversion in other-decisions. Overall, findings offer a theoretical basis and inspiration for the development and sale of adventure tourism products, tourism safety-related features, and other promotional attributes.

People with different levels of music experience have been reported to differ significantly in co... more People with different levels of music experience have been reported to differ significantly in cognitive abilities such as verbal memory, phonological awareness and reading development. However, studies often comparing the cognitive ability between musicians and non-musicians. Among the non-musicians, there are differences in music experience levels. Besides, many non-musicians with higher music experience than musicians. However, at present there is no reliable and valid measure of music experience in the literature. In the current study we developed the Music Background Experience Questionnaire for use in the field of music psychology. An initial set of 45 items was compiled based on the literature and on semi-structured interviews with 10 musicians and psychologists. These items were then tested in a pilot study of 402 participants. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, 11 items were selected and classified into the two dimensions of "music training" an...

Healthcare, 2020

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a long-term engagement in dif... more Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a long-term engagement in different types of physical exercise may influence resting-state brain networks differentially. In particular, we studied if there were differences in resting-state functional connectivity measures when comparing older women who are long-term practitioners of tai chi chuan or walking. Method: We recruited 20 older women who regularly practiced tai chi chuan (TCC group), and 22 older women who walked regularly (walking group). Both the TCC group and the walking group underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. The acquired rs-fMRI data of all participants were analyzed using independent component analysis. Age and years of education were added as co-variables. Results: There were significant differences in default network, sensory-motor network, and visual network of rs-fMRI between the TCC group and walking group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings o...

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for poor mental health of Chinese univ... more Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for poor mental health of Chinese university students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: Chinese nationwide on-line cross-sectional survey on university students, collected between February 12 th and 17 th , 2020. Primary outcome was prevalence of clinically-relevant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Secondary outcomes on poor mental health included prevalence of clinically-relevant anxiety and depressive symptoms, while posttraumatic growth was considered as indicator of effective coping reaction. Results: Of 2,500 invited Chinese university students, 2,038 completed the survey. Prevalence of clinically-relevant PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and post traumatic growth (PTG) was 30.8, 15.5, 23.3, and 66.9% respectively. Older age, knowing people who had been isolated, more ACEs, higher level of anxious attachment, and lower level of resilience all predicted primary outcome (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: A significant proportion of young adults exhibit clinically relevant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxious or depressive symptoms, but a larger portion of individuals showed to effectively cope with COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions promoting resilience should be provided, even remotely, to those subjects with specific risk factors to develop poor mental health during COVID-19 or other pandemics with social isolation.

Psychological Research, 2020

The function of emotion in enhancing memory has been proven by a large number of studies. However... more The function of emotion in enhancing memory has been proven by a large number of studies. However, previous studies mainly used emotional materials to induce emotions, and far fewer studies have examined how neutral stimuli and emotional event connections affect memory. In Experiment 1, the feedback from the results was used as an emotional event to explore the impact of connected emotions on memory. In Experiment 2, emotional materials were used to induce emotions, and the effects on memory in the two studies were compared. The emotions induced by the feedback resulted in positive emotions having the strongest effects on memory, while negative emotions had the weakest memory effect. However, when the emotional materials were used, there were different outcomes: negative emotional memories were the best, and neutral memories were the worst. Based on these results, we may conclude that different emotion-inducing methods have different effects on memory and that emotionally enhanced memory is not applicable to all emotion-inducing modes.

Children, 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of social support and self-efficacy wit... more The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of social support and self-efficacy with physical Activity (PA) and the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between social support and PA in Chinese adolescents. Participants included a total of 2341 Chinese adolescents (aged 12.75 ± 1.46 years). Self-reported instruments, including the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents, the social support revalued scale and the exercise self-efficacy scale, were used to measure physical activity, social support and exercise self-efficacy. Results showed that social support (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and exercise self-efficacy (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) were significant and positive predictors of PA among Chinese adolescents, and exercise self-efficacy was a significant mediator in the relationship between social support and PA (standardized effect size = 0.15, p < 0.001). Such findings were evident with similar patterns in both male and female adolescents. The fi...

Healthcare, 2020

Background: Cognitive decline is age relevant and it can start as early as middle age. The declin... more Background: Cognitive decline is age relevant and it can start as early as middle age. The decline becomes more obvious among older adults, which is highly associated with increased risk of developing dementia (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). White matter damage was found to be related to cognitive decline through aging. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of Tai Chi (TC) versus walking on the brain white matter network among Chinese elderly women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where 42 healthy elderly women were included. Tai Chi practitioners (20 females, average age: 62.9 ± 2.38 years, education level 9.05 ± 1.8 years) and the matched walking participants (22 females, average age: 63.27 ± 3.58 years, educational level: 8.86 ± 2.74 years) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theory were employed to study the data, construct the white matter matrix, and compare the...

Psychological Research, 2019

Many studies have indicated that executing a secondary task during encoding has little influence ... more Many studies have indicated that executing a secondary task during encoding has little influence on implicit memory (priming effect). However, relatively few studies have discussed the effect of interference on implicit memory during retrieval. Our previous studies found asymmetry between implicit encoding and retrieval processes, with the priming effect disrupted by retrieval interference. Therefore, the present study investigated why and how the priming effect is affected by interference at retrieval. We adopted a dual-task paradigm, with a lexical decision task as the memory task and an odd-even decision task as the interference task. The effect of interference during retrieval was assessed by comparing the performance in the interference condition with that in the full-attention condition. In Experiment 1, we observed that the priming effect was absent in the synchronous retrieval interference condition. In Experiment 2, asynchronous interference was also found to block the priming effect. To verify the assumption that the priming effect is sensitive to attentional resource competition during retrieval, we used two different manipulations (an extended stimulus interval in the dual-task paradigm, Experiment 3, and an interference inhibition manipulation, Experiment 4) known to reduce attentional distraction. In these experiments, the priming effect was protected from interference effects. We suggest that implicit memory retrieval could be regarded as a conditional automatic process that depends on a configuration of the cognitive system by attention and task sets. If the limited resources are occupied by another task, the implicit retrieval process can be impacted.

Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2016

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 2020

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated restrictive measures have implic... more The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and associated restrictive measures have implications for depressive symptoms (henceforth depression) of young people and risk may be associated with their reduced physical activity (PA) level. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and PA among college students with different gender and gender role (masculinity traits and femininity traits) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and Methods: Cross-sectional study included 628 healthy college students from nineteen different locations. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales (CES-D), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the 50-item Chinese Sex-Role Inventory (CSRI-50) were used to measure depressive symptoms, PA continuous (weekly metabolic equivalent minutes, MET-minutes/week) and categorical indicators (activity level category) and gender role, respectively. The statistical analyses were used in partial correlation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, moderation model tests, and linear regression model tests. Results: Total of 34.72% participants had clinically relevant depression (16, CES-D scale). Total of 58.6% participants were classified as a "low" activity level for spending less time on PA. Depression significantly negatively correlated with MET-minutes/week in moderateintensity PA but not vigorous and walking scores. Of note, the depression-PA association was only moderated by the "low" activity level group in terms of categorical scores across gender groups. Participants with higher masculinity traits were less likely to have depression among all participants. Moreover, more recovered cases and fewer deaths could also predict the lower depression risk in the "high" activity level group. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity PA is beneficial for reducing depression risk among college students at a low activity level. College students with fewer masculinity traits (regardless of gender) are highly vulnerable to depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic seems critical to alleviating the burden of mental disorders of the public including depression.

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021

General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public port... more General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2020

Objective: This study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive functi... more Objective: This study aimed to examine (1) the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive function and (2) the effects of exercise on cognition while under hypoxia. Methods: Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled studies that investigated the effects of chronic or acute exercise on cognition under hypoxia were considered (Aim 2), as were studies investigating the effects of hypoxia on cognition (Aim 1). Results: In total, 18 studies met our inclusionary criteria for the systematic review, and 12 studies were meta-analyzed. Exposure to hypoxia impaired attentional ability (standardized mean difference (SMD = À0.4), executive function (SMD = À0.18), and memory function (SMD = À0.26) but not information processing (SMD = 0.27). Aggregated results indicated that performing exercise under a hypoxia setting had a significant effect on cognitive improvement (SMD = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.14 À 0.45, I 2 = 54%, p < 0.001). Various characteristics (e.g., age, cognitive task type, exercise type, exercise intensity, training type, and hypoxia level) moderated the effects of hypoxia and exercise on cognitive function. Conclusions: Exercise during exposure to hypoxia improves cognitive function. This association appears to be moderated by individual and exercise/hypoxia-related characteristics.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020

Introduction: Warning signs play a very important role in safeguarding life and property in dange... more Introduction: Warning signs play a very important role in safeguarding life and property in dangerous situations. Previous studies have mainly focused on the physical properties of warning signs, and few studies have been conducted on the different types. Methods: In Experiment 1, the oddball paradigm and the go/no-go paradigm were used to study the warning effect of different types of warning signs. In Experiment 2, the dual-task paradigm was adopted. Results: In Experiment 1, the results showed that a warning sign with text as content had the worst warning effect, followed by the combination of image and text, and a warning sign with an image as content had the best warning effect. In Experiment 2, it was found that different types of warning signs would have different effects on the performance of the secondary task. Conclusions: The reason for this may be the different processing methods used for text and image. Therefore, in dangerous situations that require a quick response, simple and understandable graphics should be used as the content of warning signs. In complex circumstances, it may be necessary to use a combination of image and text for warning sign content.

Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2018

Studies have shown that choline is a substance that is closely related to memory. Previous studie... more Studies have shown that choline is a substance that is closely related to memory. Previous studies focused on the effect of cholinergic drugs on explicit memory, and those results revealed that explicit memory is sensitive to most cholinergic drugs. However, relatively few studies have discussed the effect of cholinergic drugs on implicit memory. Furthermore, whether the effect of cholinergic drugs on implicit memory is consistent with that on explicit memory is still uncertain. The effect of cholinergic drugs on memory was investigated through the comparison between the participants with nicotine occasion and those without. We used lexical decision and lexical recognition tasks to test implicit and explicit memory, respectively. In Experiment 1, 30 participants participated in two occasions, two days apart. They participated once in memory tasks after receiving 12 mg/mL body weight of nicotine and once after receiving 0 mg/mL placebo. Experiment 2 examined whether receiving treatment before encoding or before the retrieval phase would moderate the cholinergic effect on explicit and implicit memory. In experiment 2, 19 participants participated in two experimental occasions, two days apart, as follows: after receiving 12 mg/mL body weight of nicotine before the encoding phase and after receiving nicotine before the retrieval phase. In addition, we adopted event-related potential (ERP) technology to observe the affected ERPs. Participants were instructed to respond to corresponding items by pressing keyboard. The reaction time and accuracy data on retrieval phase of the two memory tasks were recorded and analyzed. Implicit and explicit memory performance declined in the nicotine occasion in both experiments. It reflected that receiving nicotine not only impacted explicit memory but also implicit memory. Furthermore, nicotine effect was moderated by the level of processing at the encoding phase. Such impact only occurred on the deep processing level. Moreover, memory retrieval after receiving nicotine was affected. These effects were more significant on implicit memory retrieval than on explicit memory. The results of ERP data also showed that related ERPs of memory were affected by nicotine. In conclusion, results from the current study revealed that effect of cholinergic drugs were similar on implicit and explicit memory. The rest of the segregated results might have been due to the discrepancy of memory tasks rather than the difference in physiological mechanisms of the two memory types. Implicit memory and explicit memory might not belong to two extremely independent memory systems, because there was some covariant effect existing between them.