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Papers by Linda Fellingham

Proceedings of SPIE, May 1, 1992

ABSTRACT The tasks of the radiologist include interpretation of images, communication of findings... more ABSTRACT The tasks of the radiologist include interpretation of images, communication of findings to referring physicians, and assistance in treatment planning. CT, MRI, SPECT, and PET are usually analyzed from film recorded images. On-screen analysis allows images to be quickly modified, measured, reprocessed by 2-D and 3-D methods, etc. These images are also filmed. An ideal clinical diagnostic radiology workstation must be flexible in design and provide a user interface which is consistent, intuitive and simple for every use of the system. Both efficient image analysis and filming should be addressed. This poster describes the implementation of such a workstation (CEMAX VIP) using a standard RISC Unix platform (SUN SPARCstation) and a modular software design.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jun 1, 1986

Radiology, Jul 1, 1987

A volumetric approach to quantitative single-energy computed tomography (CT) of the spine for tra... more A volumetric approach to quantitative single-energy computed tomography (CT) of the spine for trabecular bone evaluation was compared with the accepted single-section method in 32 thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies from six cadaveric specimens. Both 5-mm and 10-mm contiguous section sequences afforded greater sample volumes, mean mineral equivalent values, and precision than did the single midplane section technique. These findings can be explained by inhomogeneous trabecular distribution, differential bone resorption rates for various cancellous regions, and nonuniform deposition of marrow fat. Scoliosis may modify the net influence of these factors owing to altered biomechanical forces. Although the single-section method affords optimal sensitivity to early or subtle alterations in vertebral trabecular bone density, it may misrepresent the status of the total cancellous volume. Because threedimensional histographic analysis includes structurally important peripheral trabeculae in determinations of mean mineral equivalent values, it may more accurately reflect vertebral body strength and risk of compression fracture. Index terms: Bones, density #{149} Computed tomography (CT), technology

Springer eBooks, 1985

Three dimensional solid display of anatomical structure presents information from two-dimensional... more Three dimensional solid display of anatomical structure presents information from two-dimensional slice data in a form more closely matched to everyday human perceptual experience, and thus provides detailed information to clinical personnel across a wide range of specialties. Generation of such displays requires segmentation of the slice data acquired from a CT or MR scanner to define the boundaries of the tissue of interest. This step is followed by appropriate solid model display of the bounding surface. Alternative approaches for both segmentation and display are presented with a discussion of performance and computational cost. Examples from a commercially available system in clinical use are included.

Radiology, Oct 1, 1984

Work in Progress1 Ultrasonic waveforms backscattered from human spleens in vivo were recorded for... more Work in Progress1 Ultrasonic waveforms backscattered from human spleens in vivo were recorded for 10 normal subjects and 21 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma prior to staging laparotomy. A measure of the structure of splenic tissue, the "mean scatterer spacing" was calculated for each subject from the recorded data. Comparison of these measurements with the results of staging laparotomy indicated that spleens involved with lymphoma are generally characterized by increased scatterer spacing compared with normal splenic tissue. The observed histologic differences between normal and lymphomatous spleens appear to account for the measured differences in tissue structure.

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1984

Proceedings of SPIE, Oct 24, 1984

The combination of user-friendly, highly interactive software, 3D graphics, and the high-resoluti... more The combination of user-friendly, highly interactive software, 3D graphics, and the high-resolution detailed views of anatomy afforded by X-ray computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can provide surgeons with the ability to plan and practice complex ...

Biostereometrics '85, 1986

A computer and graphics system for 3D surgical planning based on CT and MR scan images is present... more A computer and graphics system for 3D surgical planning based on CT and MR scan images is presented. The system allows display of anatomy, production of patient anatomical replicas, and the design of custom implants. It also allows integration of 3D information across scan modalities for optimal use of scan data.

Radiology, 1988

Dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the proximal femur cannot independently measure cortical and ... more Dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the proximal femur cannot independently measure cortical and high-turnover cancellous bone. In this investigation, integrated cancellous, cortical, and total bone densities in the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region were measured bilaterally in 22 women aged 42-75 years. Contiguous section data were analyzed with two different protocols by means of three-dimensional histogram software. Single-section quantitative computed tomography (CT) was used to determine mean mineral equivalent values for vertebral cancellous bone from T-11 to L-3 in each woman. Significant correlation was found between cancellous bone density at the two sites, as well as between total femoral and vertebral measurements. Femoral cortical bone density was predicted less well by means of the vertebral cancellous data. Cortical, cancellous, and total proximal femoral density values tended to exhibit bilateral symmetry. Quantitative three-dimensional volumetric CT affords c...

Orthopedics, 1985

A computer system was developed to reconstruct three dimensional images of bone from analysis of ... more A computer system was developed to reconstruct three dimensional images of bone from analysis of computed tomography data. Images of bone can be made within minutes and rotated for viewing from any direction. An editing process allows visualization of the articular surfaces of any joint. Solid models of the bone images can be produced with an accuracy of 1 mm to 3 mm by interfacing the image data with a computer numerically controlled milling machine. This technology will provide better information to the surgeon for preoperative diagnosis and planning and for the design of customized implants.

Computer Assisted Radiology / Computergestützte Radiologie, 1985

Three-dimensional reconstructions of patient anatomy from scan data provides surgeons with a pres... more Three-dimensional reconstructions of patient anatomy from scan data provides surgeons with a presurgical visualization of hidden structures that can significantly influence surgical decisions. In this paper, a design is presented of a medical graphics system for diagnosis and surgical planning that integrates the numerous features necessary for clinical usefulness. The features of a commercially available system as discussed.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1986

An automatic computer technique was designed to produce three-dimensional (3D) images of bony ana... more An automatic computer technique was designed to produce three-dimensional (3D) images of bony anatomy on a cathode ray tube (CRT) from computerized tomography (CT) data. The authors transferred CT scan data of a cadaver and 11 patients to a computer system via magnetic tape. An automatic edge extraction algorithm generated an outline of bone specified by a range of CT numbers for each scan slice. These outlines were stacked in the computer and various graphics options used to represent the 3D anatomy of bone on a high-resolution CRT screen. The 3D image data were interfaced with a three-axis computer numerically controlled milling device to produce solid models of these bone images. Comparison of the dimensions of the solid models of the femur, hemipelvis, and femoral medullary canal to the actual cadaver specimen demonstrated that the models were accurate in size to within 1-3 mm. These 3D images and solid models will be helpful for preoperative diagnosis, surgical planning, and customized prosthesis manufacture in complex orthopaedic cases.

Proc. and Display of …, 1984

Although existing 3D displays of CT and MR data aid in visualizing multiple slices of data, comme... more Although existing 3D displays of CT and MR data aid in visualizing multiple slices of data, commercial systems lack the ability to illustrate changes in the solid displays due to proposed surgical procedures. Such realistic preoperative planning and the design of custom implants would decrease time in surgery, and thus reduce the cost and medical risk to the patient. The CEMAX-1000, a medical imaging console which generates 3D shaded surface displays from directed contours, features the ability to edit these contours to illustrate changes in soft tissue or bone images. A 2D slice edit facilitates modifications in the surface of the displayed object by allowing the surgeon to alter the shape of existing contours or to specify new contours. Working with the 3D display the surgeon defines new objects as subsets of the original and then manipulates the objects to show effects of relative movement proposed in surgery. This 3D edit capability operates interactively on the solid image, aft...

IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics, 1984