Linda Garrett - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Linda Garrett
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 03630242 2011 635245, Nov 30, 2011
Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been... more Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been recognized as the necessary cause of cervical cancer. Understanding the shift in public awareness caused by recent changes to cervical prevention is critical to addressing cervical cancer disparities in Appalachia. Since the human papillomavirus vaccine was approved for prevention, little data have been collected regarding human papillomavirus risk assessment and vaccine perceptions among Appalachian women. The purpose of the authors in this study was to investigate communication and cultural issues via a social scripting framework that could influence human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among southern Appalachian women; and explore participants' perceptions of human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and the vaccine. A qualitative, descriptive design was employed to examine these issues in eight counties in northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. Thirty-nine women aged 18-49 years participated in a single individual interview or focus group session from October 2007 through August 2008. Interview and focus group data were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Two major themes emerged from the data: the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma and spheres of silence surrounding the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma. Study findings suggested areas for future research and may assist healthcare professionals in approaching southern Appalachian women as they make decisions regarding cervical cancer prevention.
Tennessee Medicine Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association, Aug 1, 2011
Vitamin D deficiency is a poorly recognized pandemic and can be associated with primary hyperpara... more Vitamin D deficiency is a poorly recognized pandemic and can be associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, which is not infrequently found in the general population. No formal guidelines exist to guide therapy for suboptimal Vitamin D status in patients with hyperparathyroidism. However, there are many potential benefits to achieving a Vitamin D replete state before parathyroid surgery. Previous reports have indicated that Vitamin D status can be improved without adverse effects in hyperparathyroidism. We report accentuation of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria with Vitamin D treatment (weekly 50,000 IU ergocalciferol x 8 weeks) in a 64-year-old Caucasian male veteran with primary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis and Vitamin D insufficiency. The exacerbation of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria resolved with cessation of Vitamin D therapy. We propose that clinicians consider using modest doses of Vitamin D such as 1,000 IU daily for replacement in patients with hyperparathyroidism and Vitamin D deficiency. We recommend that serum and urine calcium be monitored if such treatment is implemented.
Child sexual abuse has existed since earliest recorded history. It is believed that one in three ... more Child sexual abuse has existed since earliest recorded history. It is believed that one in three females and one in five males are sexually abused before their 18 th birthday, and many researchers believe this is a gross underestimation of the problem. Child sexual abuse has been studied extensively from the perspective of the victim. Child sexual abusers have been studied over the last few decades but with inconsistent definitions and methods applied among studies.
AAOHN journal : official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 2005
The nurses' roles are changing and expanding along with the changing health care system. Occu... more The nurses' roles are changing and expanding along with the changing health care system. Occupational health and environmental health nurses are in key positions to coordinate and direct interdisciplinary practice, education, and research. Occupational and environmental health nurses have a broad knowledge base in which they deal with employers, employees, stakeholders in communities, different governmental organizations, and families. Interdisciplinary collaboration is a way to find possible solutions to meet the needs of the work force, their families, communities, and the global community. Nurses must educate the different disciplines about their worth in collaborative interdisciplinary practice, education, and research. No single discipline can help individuals reach their full level of well-being. Interdisciplinary practice, education, and research should be encouraged for nurses to provide the best care for individuals in need of health care.
Women & Health, 2011
Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been... more Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been recognized as the necessary cause of cervical cancer. Understanding the shift in public awareness caused by recent changes to cervical prevention is critical to addressing cervical cancer disparities in Appalachia. Since the human papillomavirus vaccine was approved for prevention, little data have been collected regarding human papillomavirus risk assessment and vaccine perceptions among Appalachian women. The purpose of the authors in this study was to investigate communication and cultural issues via a social scripting framework that could influence human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among southern Appalachian women; and explore participants' perceptions of human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and the vaccine. A qualitative, descriptive design was employed to examine these issues in eight counties in northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. Thirty-nine women aged 18-49 years participated in a single individual interview or focus group session from October 2007 through August 2008. Interview and focus group data were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Two major themes emerged from the data: the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma and spheres of silence surrounding the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma. Study findings suggested areas for future research and may assist healthcare professionals in approaching southern Appalachian women as they make decisions regarding cervical cancer prevention.
Social Work in Health Care, 2008
Military Medicine, 2011
Vitamin D defi ciency is a global pandemic associated with increased health care costs and could ... more Vitamin D defi ciency is a global pandemic associated with increased health care costs and could play a role in the pathogenesis and management of infl ammatory bowel disease. This study examined vitamin D status in veterans with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and assessed its relationship to health care costs and service utilization. Veteran patients (n = 125) with UC or CD and with an available 25-hydroxyvitamin D level were studied . CD patients were more likely to be vitamin D insuffi cient than the UC group. Despite the higher vitamin D levels among UC patients, they were signifi cantly more likely to utilize laboratory and pharmacy services compared with CD patients, whereas patients with CD had signifi cantly higher radiology and pharmacy costs. Thus, it is likely that disease-specifi c characteristics rather than vitamin D status determine the costs of health care services in veterans with established infl ammatory bowel disease.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2010
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2011
Objective: Vitamin D deficiency remains a poorly rec ognized pandemic and is closely linked to in... more Objective: Vitamin D deficiency remains a poorly rec ognized pandemic and is closely linked to increased health care costs in veterans. Projected health care needs in veterans are expected to increase over the next decade. Intensive care unit (KU) costs contribute significantly to hospital costs and stem from interven tion services and management of sepsis including nos ocomial infections. Vitamin D has immunomodulating and antimicrobial properties through antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin.
Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 2012
To describe the process of designing a new progressive nurse practitioner student clinical evalua... more To describe the process of designing a new progressive nurse practitioner student clinical evaluation tool based on competencies. Data sources: Selected research articles and professional organization published guidelines. Conclusions: Evaluation of nurse practitioner students' clinical performance is an important and often complex responsibility of faculty. The clinical evaluation tool should reflect the changing expectations associated with particular courses across the curriculum and be based on the competencies identified by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties. Collaboration by faculty is the key to development of an accurate and useful clinical evaluation tool. Implications for practice: The progressive nurse practitioner clinical evaluation tool presented here is the result of integrating specific clinical course outcomes and competencies recognized by key nurse practitioner associations.
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2010
While numerous efforts have been made to understand the impact of child sexual abuse, little has ... more While numerous efforts have been made to understand the impact of child sexual abuse, little has been done to examine the childhood experiences of those who abuse children. Child sexual abusers have been studied from quantitative perspectives using behavioral checklists, parental-bonding surveys, and sexual history questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to explore incarcerated child sexual abusers' recollections of their childhood experiences using the descriptive existential lens of phenomenology. Eight incarcerated male child sexual abusers described their childhood from existential perspectives of lived space, lived other, lived body, and lived time via face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Analysis was accomplished through the qualitative, descriptive method of Max van Manen. Rich descriptions of the participants' insights into their daily childhood life experiences that shaped their self-concepts and contributed to their adult behaviors were gathered. Four major themes were identified: (1) failure to root, (2) what you see is what you learn, (3) stupid is as stupid does, and (4) life's moments. Data from this study suggest that the experiences of childhood significantly contribute to an adult self-concept that can be distorted by the lack of a secure home space, maladaptive relationships, internalization of inappropriate behavior, and a lack of significant family development. This study explores the psychosocial and behavioral consequences of early childhood experiences. The findings support the need for family and psychological mental health nurse practitioners to be more aware of early home environments; improve their assessment of children's developing self-concept and the potential for abusive relationships.
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2010
Child sexual abusers may be better understood by phenomenological exploration of reflections on c... more Child sexual abusers may be better understood by phenomenological exploration of reflections on childhood lived space. Child sexual abusers often suffer from child sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect in their childhood lived space. These experiences may be considered a limitation or deformation of the child's lived space, resulting in a distorted self view that contributes to adult behavior. Child sexual abuse is not a new phenomenon; it is a problem that has existed throughout history but has rarely enjoyed the publicity and concern of recent times. Child sexual abusers' reflections on their lived space during childhood were explored by interviewing eight incarcerated child sexual abusers in a US correctional center. Van Manen's descriptive-interpretive theoretical process was used to guide abusers' existential reflections on their childhood lived space. van Manen's phenomenological method is dynamic and was used to organize and analyze data into essential categorical themes, one of which is "failure to root." While the viewpoint is retrospective, participants in this study provided unique perspectives on childhood reflections on lived space. These experiences, as reported by the participants, could be used to assist child victims to cope and to guide nursing practice, education, and future research related to Healthy People 2010's Goal 15 (Healthy People 2010, n.d.).
AAOHN Journal, 2011
Women are sexually assaulted at an alarming rate, and the workplace is a frequent arena for assau... more Women are sexually assaulted at an alarming rate, and the workplace is a frequent arena for assault. However, in recent decades, attention has been given to improving responses to sexual assault. Sexual assault is a frequent cause of injury and death for women in the United States. One in five American women admit they have experienced a completed rape during their lifetime. These estimates are conservative because sexual assault and sexual violence are both underreported and underprosecuted. Fear of job loss and discrimination are frequent reasons women do not report sexual assault in the workplace. Women are entering the workplace in greater numbers due in part to more single parent families and the depressed economy. Also, women are entering work environments that have traditionally been the domain of male workers: corporate headquarters, semi trucks, health care providers' offices, rural farms, and rural factories. Employers must have a plan to protect female employees and effectively address any incidents of sexual assault or violence. Occupational health nurses and nurse practitioners can assist both employees and employers to prevent sexual assault and resolve the aftermath of sexual assault. However, to accomplish this goal, occupational health nurses and nurse practitioners must be trained in sexual assault and violence response as well as preventive interventions.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 03630242 2011 635245, Nov 30, 2011
Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been... more Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been recognized as the necessary cause of cervical cancer. Understanding the shift in public awareness caused by recent changes to cervical prevention is critical to addressing cervical cancer disparities in Appalachia. Since the human papillomavirus vaccine was approved for prevention, little data have been collected regarding human papillomavirus risk assessment and vaccine perceptions among Appalachian women. The purpose of the authors in this study was to investigate communication and cultural issues via a social scripting framework that could influence human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among southern Appalachian women; and explore participants' perceptions of human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and the vaccine. A qualitative, descriptive design was employed to examine these issues in eight counties in northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. Thirty-nine women aged 18-49 years participated in a single individual interview or focus group session from October 2007 through August 2008. Interview and focus group data were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Two major themes emerged from the data: the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma and spheres of silence surrounding the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma. Study findings suggested areas for future research and may assist healthcare professionals in approaching southern Appalachian women as they make decisions regarding cervical cancer prevention.
Tennessee Medicine Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association, Aug 1, 2011
Vitamin D deficiency is a poorly recognized pandemic and can be associated with primary hyperpara... more Vitamin D deficiency is a poorly recognized pandemic and can be associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, which is not infrequently found in the general population. No formal guidelines exist to guide therapy for suboptimal Vitamin D status in patients with hyperparathyroidism. However, there are many potential benefits to achieving a Vitamin D replete state before parathyroid surgery. Previous reports have indicated that Vitamin D status can be improved without adverse effects in hyperparathyroidism. We report accentuation of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria with Vitamin D treatment (weekly 50,000 IU ergocalciferol x 8 weeks) in a 64-year-old Caucasian male veteran with primary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis and Vitamin D insufficiency. The exacerbation of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria resolved with cessation of Vitamin D therapy. We propose that clinicians consider using modest doses of Vitamin D such as 1,000 IU daily for replacement in patients with hyperparathyroidism and Vitamin D deficiency. We recommend that serum and urine calcium be monitored if such treatment is implemented.
Child sexual abuse has existed since earliest recorded history. It is believed that one in three ... more Child sexual abuse has existed since earliest recorded history. It is believed that one in three females and one in five males are sexually abused before their 18 th birthday, and many researchers believe this is a gross underestimation of the problem. Child sexual abuse has been studied extensively from the perspective of the victim. Child sexual abusers have been studied over the last few decades but with inconsistent definitions and methods applied among studies.
AAOHN journal : official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 2005
The nurses' roles are changing and expanding along with the changing health care system. Occu... more The nurses' roles are changing and expanding along with the changing health care system. Occupational health and environmental health nurses are in key positions to coordinate and direct interdisciplinary practice, education, and research. Occupational and environmental health nurses have a broad knowledge base in which they deal with employers, employees, stakeholders in communities, different governmental organizations, and families. Interdisciplinary collaboration is a way to find possible solutions to meet the needs of the work force, their families, communities, and the global community. Nurses must educate the different disciplines about their worth in collaborative interdisciplinary practice, education, and research. No single discipline can help individuals reach their full level of well-being. Interdisciplinary practice, education, and research should be encouraged for nurses to provide the best care for individuals in need of health care.
Women & Health, 2011
Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been... more Human papillomavirus is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection and has been recognized as the necessary cause of cervical cancer. Understanding the shift in public awareness caused by recent changes to cervical prevention is critical to addressing cervical cancer disparities in Appalachia. Since the human papillomavirus vaccine was approved for prevention, little data have been collected regarding human papillomavirus risk assessment and vaccine perceptions among Appalachian women. The purpose of the authors in this study was to investigate communication and cultural issues via a social scripting framework that could influence human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among southern Appalachian women; and explore participants' perceptions of human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and the vaccine. A qualitative, descriptive design was employed to examine these issues in eight counties in northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. Thirty-nine women aged 18-49 years participated in a single individual interview or focus group session from October 2007 through August 2008. Interview and focus group data were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Two major themes emerged from the data: the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma and spheres of silence surrounding the human papillomavirus vaccine protection dilemma. Study findings suggested areas for future research and may assist healthcare professionals in approaching southern Appalachian women as they make decisions regarding cervical cancer prevention.
Social Work in Health Care, 2008
Military Medicine, 2011
Vitamin D defi ciency is a global pandemic associated with increased health care costs and could ... more Vitamin D defi ciency is a global pandemic associated with increased health care costs and could play a role in the pathogenesis and management of infl ammatory bowel disease. This study examined vitamin D status in veterans with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and assessed its relationship to health care costs and service utilization. Veteran patients (n = 125) with UC or CD and with an available 25-hydroxyvitamin D level were studied . CD patients were more likely to be vitamin D insuffi cient than the UC group. Despite the higher vitamin D levels among UC patients, they were signifi cantly more likely to utilize laboratory and pharmacy services compared with CD patients, whereas patients with CD had signifi cantly higher radiology and pharmacy costs. Thus, it is likely that disease-specifi c characteristics rather than vitamin D status determine the costs of health care services in veterans with established infl ammatory bowel disease.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2010
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2011
Objective: Vitamin D deficiency remains a poorly rec ognized pandemic and is closely linked to in... more Objective: Vitamin D deficiency remains a poorly rec ognized pandemic and is closely linked to increased health care costs in veterans. Projected health care needs in veterans are expected to increase over the next decade. Intensive care unit (KU) costs contribute significantly to hospital costs and stem from interven tion services and management of sepsis including nos ocomial infections. Vitamin D has immunomodulating and antimicrobial properties through antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin.
Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 2012
To describe the process of designing a new progressive nurse practitioner student clinical evalua... more To describe the process of designing a new progressive nurse practitioner student clinical evaluation tool based on competencies. Data sources: Selected research articles and professional organization published guidelines. Conclusions: Evaluation of nurse practitioner students' clinical performance is an important and often complex responsibility of faculty. The clinical evaluation tool should reflect the changing expectations associated with particular courses across the curriculum and be based on the competencies identified by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties. Collaboration by faculty is the key to development of an accurate and useful clinical evaluation tool. Implications for practice: The progressive nurse practitioner clinical evaluation tool presented here is the result of integrating specific clinical course outcomes and competencies recognized by key nurse practitioner associations.
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2010
While numerous efforts have been made to understand the impact of child sexual abuse, little has ... more While numerous efforts have been made to understand the impact of child sexual abuse, little has been done to examine the childhood experiences of those who abuse children. Child sexual abusers have been studied from quantitative perspectives using behavioral checklists, parental-bonding surveys, and sexual history questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to explore incarcerated child sexual abusers' recollections of their childhood experiences using the descriptive existential lens of phenomenology. Eight incarcerated male child sexual abusers described their childhood from existential perspectives of lived space, lived other, lived body, and lived time via face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Analysis was accomplished through the qualitative, descriptive method of Max van Manen. Rich descriptions of the participants' insights into their daily childhood life experiences that shaped their self-concepts and contributed to their adult behaviors were gathered. Four major themes were identified: (1) failure to root, (2) what you see is what you learn, (3) stupid is as stupid does, and (4) life's moments. Data from this study suggest that the experiences of childhood significantly contribute to an adult self-concept that can be distorted by the lack of a secure home space, maladaptive relationships, internalization of inappropriate behavior, and a lack of significant family development. This study explores the psychosocial and behavioral consequences of early childhood experiences. The findings support the need for family and psychological mental health nurse practitioners to be more aware of early home environments; improve their assessment of children's developing self-concept and the potential for abusive relationships.
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2010
Child sexual abusers may be better understood by phenomenological exploration of reflections on c... more Child sexual abusers may be better understood by phenomenological exploration of reflections on childhood lived space. Child sexual abusers often suffer from child sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect in their childhood lived space. These experiences may be considered a limitation or deformation of the child's lived space, resulting in a distorted self view that contributes to adult behavior. Child sexual abuse is not a new phenomenon; it is a problem that has existed throughout history but has rarely enjoyed the publicity and concern of recent times. Child sexual abusers' reflections on their lived space during childhood were explored by interviewing eight incarcerated child sexual abusers in a US correctional center. Van Manen's descriptive-interpretive theoretical process was used to guide abusers' existential reflections on their childhood lived space. van Manen's phenomenological method is dynamic and was used to organize and analyze data into essential categorical themes, one of which is "failure to root." While the viewpoint is retrospective, participants in this study provided unique perspectives on childhood reflections on lived space. These experiences, as reported by the participants, could be used to assist child victims to cope and to guide nursing practice, education, and future research related to Healthy People 2010's Goal 15 (Healthy People 2010, n.d.).
AAOHN Journal, 2011
Women are sexually assaulted at an alarming rate, and the workplace is a frequent arena for assau... more Women are sexually assaulted at an alarming rate, and the workplace is a frequent arena for assault. However, in recent decades, attention has been given to improving responses to sexual assault. Sexual assault is a frequent cause of injury and death for women in the United States. One in five American women admit they have experienced a completed rape during their lifetime. These estimates are conservative because sexual assault and sexual violence are both underreported and underprosecuted. Fear of job loss and discrimination are frequent reasons women do not report sexual assault in the workplace. Women are entering the workplace in greater numbers due in part to more single parent families and the depressed economy. Also, women are entering work environments that have traditionally been the domain of male workers: corporate headquarters, semi trucks, health care providers' offices, rural farms, and rural factories. Employers must have a plan to protect female employees and effectively address any incidents of sexual assault or violence. Occupational health nurses and nurse practitioners can assist both employees and employers to prevent sexual assault and resolve the aftermath of sexual assault. However, to accomplish this goal, occupational health nurses and nurse practitioners must be trained in sexual assault and violence response as well as preventive interventions.