Linda Kaerlev - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Linda Kaerlev
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct 1, 2016
This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands ... more This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands as a predictor for clinical depression. Methods: In a two-wave study, 3224 (72%) public employees from 474 work-units participated twice by filling in questionnaires. Sixty-two cases of clinical depression were diagnosed. Emotional demands were examined as perceived and content-related emotional demands, individually reported and work-unit based. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment were considered as potential effect modifiers. Results: Individually reported perceived emotional demands predicted depression (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% confidence intervals: 1.02 to 1.92). The work-unit based odds ratio was in the same direction, though not significant. Content-related emotional demands did not predict depression. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment did not modify the results. Conclusions: The personal perception of emotional demands was a risk factor for clinical depression but specific emotionally demanding work tasks were not.
Do work units where bulling is present have more long-term sickness absence?A. M. Hansen 1 2,*, M... more Do work units where bulling is present have more long-term sickness absence?A. M. Hansen 1 2,*, M. B. Grynderup 1, K. Nabe-Nielsen, P. M. Conway 3, J. P. Bonde 4, A. H. Garde 1 2, L. Kaerlev 5 6, E. G. Mikkelsen 7, R. Persson 8, R. Rugulies 2, A. Hogh 31Deparment of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 3Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, 5Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 7CRECEA A/S, Arrhus, Denmark, 8Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden, Lund, Sweden (Less)
30th International Congress on Occupational Health (March 18-23, 2012), Mar 20, 2012
Accident Analysis & Prevention, May 1, 2004
International surveys of occupational injuries among seafarers have so far been missing. It was t... more International surveys of occupational injuries among seafarers have so far been missing. It was the aim to test the method of self-report of injuries and length of time at risk during the latest duty period and second to study the injury incidence rate among seafarers by use of the method. A pilot study was conducted (n = 1068) in Finland, Denmark, the Philippines, Croatia and Spain using self-completed questionnaires with questions about the person, the ship, the duration of latest duty period and injuries. The duration of the self-reporting duty period was in the Danish part compared with information from the crew register of the Maritime Authority. For seafarers from merchant ships in the Danish sub-study there was acceptable correspondence between the information from the seafarers and the Maritime Authority, but not when referring to ferries and non-specified types of ship. Unadjusted and adjusted injury incidence rates-ratios (IRRs) based on number of injuries per number of work hours were calculated. Adjusted IRRs for ordinary seamen/officers: IRR = 2.43 (95% CI: 1.25-4.72); for age <35/35+ years: IRR = 1.97 (1.02-3.81); length of tour: 117 days or longer compared with <117 days: IRR = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22-0.95); 57-70 working hours per week compared with <57 h: IRR = 1.26 (0.48-3.29), 71+ h compared with <57 h: IRR = 2.12 (0.84-5.36). Non-significant IRRs >1.00 were found for ships under 10,000 GT compared with larger ships and for own flagged ships compared with ships under flag of convenience. In conclusion, more than 70 h of work per week was related to a higher rate of injuries for seafarers on merchant ships, but the result was not statistically significant. Self-report of the duration of the latest tour of duty is useful for seafarers from merchant ships with short-term employments, but not for ferries and other, non-specified types of ship with other or permanent employment.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2016
![Research paper thumbnail of [Roller skating accidents--the pattern of injuries and use of protective devices. Roller skating accidents in Viborg 1995-1998]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110677221/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](PubMed, Jun 5, 2000
Circumstances and outcome of roller skating accidents (RSA) and the use of protective gear was su... more Circumstances and outcome of roller skating accidents (RSA) and the use of protective gear was surveyed. During 1.1.95-31.12.98 a questionnaire survey was conducted among subjects involved in RSA and combined with data from the A + E dept. A major increase in RSA was reported during this four year study period. A total of 399 injuries were recorded, of which 178 had wrist-related injuries and of which 125 had fractures. RSA accounted for a total of 17% of all wrist fractures among 11-15 year-old teenagers. In 1998 this percentage had increased to 28%. The median age for wrist fracture was 12.6 years. Of the 325 injured who answered the questionnaire, 67% (mostly children) did not use any kind of protective gear, and only 64% had purchased such gear. Beginners and experienced skaters showed differences regarding characteristics and risk profile. Education in non-risk behaviour and the recommendation of wrist guards seems permissible, as the number of injured is suspected to be steadily growing among teenagers.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Dec 23, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2019
Purpose To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between content-related emotiona... more Purpose To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between content-related emotional demands at work and exhaustion, and to investigate if these associations were modified by other psychosocial work characteristics. Methods In 2007, 4489 Danish public service employees participated in the PRISME study by completing postal questionnaires, and 3224 participated in the follow-up in 2009. Content-related emotional demands were measured by a scale (scored 1 to 5) based on five work-content-related items, and exhaustion was measured with the general exhaustion scale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) (scored 1 to 5). The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with exhaustion were analysed in the same model and adjusted for effects of potential confounders. Effect modifications were examined separately for self-reported emotional enrichment, meaningful work, job control, social support at work and quantitative demands. Results Exhaustion increased with increasing emotional demands, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, although statistically significant, the effect was small. In the longitudinal analysis, a one unit increase in emotional demands was associated with a 0.03 unit (95% CI: 0.01-0.06) increase in exhaustion. We found statistically significant effect modification for three of six potentially modifying work characteristics. The effect of emotional demands on exhaustion was lower for participants with high levels of emotional enrichment (cross-sectionally and longitudinally), high levels of meaningful work (longitudinally), and higher for high levels of quantitative demands (cross-sectionally). Conclusions Increasing content-related emotional demands were associated with increasing levels of exhaustion, crosssectionally and longitudinally. This effect was reduced if the work was experienced as emotionally enriching and meaningful.
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2018
TOX, psychiatric symptoms and tryptophan 5 positive subjects in the anxiety and burnout subpopula... more TOX, psychiatric symptoms and tryptophan 5 positive subjects in the anxiety and burnout subpopulations had altered tryptophan metabolism. This relationship did not exist in the mild-moderate depressive subpopulation. These results suggest that TOX seropositivity may be related to anxiety, burnout and potentially to severity of depression. We furthermore show that the psychiatric symptoms could be associated with an altered tryptophan metabolism.
Injuries, 2016
Objective To investigate associations between a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Diso... more Objective To investigate associations between a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their risk of injuries. Methods In a cohort study of children and adolescence, the ADHD diagnosis was extracted from the Danish Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Departments according to the BupBase, and merged with the Danish National Patient Register, in 2004–2010, (8,601 with a confirmed diagnosis) and compared with 115,700 controls from the background population. They were followed up for injuries in the Danish National Patient Register in 2005–2011. Logistic regression with adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The number of patients and thus the incidence of hospital contacts for ADHD increased during the study period e.g. n = 767 in 2004, and n = 1,347 in 2008. In subgroup analyses the 14 to 18 year olds with ADHD showed an increased risk, adjusted OR, (95% CI), of injuries, 1.4 (1.3–1.5). Due to effect modification by gender we looked at each gender separately, and we found a slightly higher risk of injuries among females. Conclusion We found an overall increased risk of injuries for both genders of ADHD. Further studies on types of injuries and injury mechanisms are needed as well as subgroup analyses on the impact of the ADHD diagnosis on the risk of occupational injuries.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2016
Background Sickness absence (SA) among healthcare workers is associated with occupational and non... more Background Sickness absence (SA) among healthcare workers is associated with occupational and non-occupational risk factors, and impacts not only the health of the employee but could also impact on healthcare delivery and patient health. Musculoskeletal (MSK) and mental health (MH) issues are two of the main causes of SA. While a number of risk factors have been identified in the literature, there is a lack of research on the impact of the type and mix of health conditions have on the duration of SA events. Aim The aim of this project is to determine the differences in SA duration due to MH and MSK disorders using a bespoke database developed in a NHS Health Board. Methods Survival analyses and Cox's proportional hazards models were used to estimate duration SA for healthcare employees absent due to MSK and MH problems over six years. SA duration and probability of return-to-work were estimated for employees by age, gender, job and health conditions. Results MSK and MH conditions were responsible for 27% and 6% of all SA events and accounted for 23.7% and 19.5% of all days lost. Average duration of SA over the study period was 43.5 days for MSK and 53.9 days for MH conditions. For MSK conditions, employees with low back pain returned to work the fastest (50% returned in 7 days), while employees experiencing absences due to depression took the longest (50% returned in 54 days). The most influential socioeconomic variables significantly affecting return-to-work were age, gender, and job category. Conclusions This study used a unique and rich database to explore and quantify SA duration by specific cause for MSK and MH SA events. The results of this study can be used by public health practitioners and healthcare managers for the development of tailored and targeted workplace interventions
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2016
This abstract was published in error and withdrawn at the author’s request.
Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan 12, 2016
This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands ... more This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands as a predictor for clinical depression. In a two-wave study, 3224 (72%) public employees from 474 work-units participated twice by filling in questionnaires. Sixty-two cases of clinical depression were diagnosed. Emotional demands were examined as perceived and content-related emotional demands, individually reported and work-unit based. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment were considered as potential effect modifiers. Individually reported perceived emotional demands predicted depression (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% confidence intervals: 1.02 to 1.92). The work-unit based odds ratio was in the same direction, though not significant. Content-related emotional demands did not predict depression. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment did not modify the results. The personal perception of emotional demands was a risk factor for clinical depression but specific emotionally demanding work t...
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2011
Conclusions The Akha healthcare system is closely related to their religions practice and local w... more Conclusions The Akha healthcare system is closely related to their religions practice and local wisdom. Any model of health promotion development needs to take into account such issue.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Oct 1, 2016
This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands ... more This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands as a predictor for clinical depression. Methods: In a two-wave study, 3224 (72%) public employees from 474 work-units participated twice by filling in questionnaires. Sixty-two cases of clinical depression were diagnosed. Emotional demands were examined as perceived and content-related emotional demands, individually reported and work-unit based. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment were considered as potential effect modifiers. Results: Individually reported perceived emotional demands predicted depression (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% confidence intervals: 1.02 to 1.92). The work-unit based odds ratio was in the same direction, though not significant. Content-related emotional demands did not predict depression. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment did not modify the results. Conclusions: The personal perception of emotional demands was a risk factor for clinical depression but specific emotionally demanding work tasks were not.
Do work units where bulling is present have more long-term sickness absence?A. M. Hansen 1 2,*, M... more Do work units where bulling is present have more long-term sickness absence?A. M. Hansen 1 2,*, M. B. Grynderup 1, K. Nabe-Nielsen, P. M. Conway 3, J. P. Bonde 4, A. H. Garde 1 2, L. Kaerlev 5 6, E. G. Mikkelsen 7, R. Persson 8, R. Rugulies 2, A. Hogh 31Deparment of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 3Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, 5Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 6Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 7CRECEA A/S, Arrhus, Denmark, 8Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden, Lund, Sweden (Less)
30th International Congress on Occupational Health (March 18-23, 2012), Mar 20, 2012
Accident Analysis & Prevention, May 1, 2004
International surveys of occupational injuries among seafarers have so far been missing. It was t... more International surveys of occupational injuries among seafarers have so far been missing. It was the aim to test the method of self-report of injuries and length of time at risk during the latest duty period and second to study the injury incidence rate among seafarers by use of the method. A pilot study was conducted (n = 1068) in Finland, Denmark, the Philippines, Croatia and Spain using self-completed questionnaires with questions about the person, the ship, the duration of latest duty period and injuries. The duration of the self-reporting duty period was in the Danish part compared with information from the crew register of the Maritime Authority. For seafarers from merchant ships in the Danish sub-study there was acceptable correspondence between the information from the seafarers and the Maritime Authority, but not when referring to ferries and non-specified types of ship. Unadjusted and adjusted injury incidence rates-ratios (IRRs) based on number of injuries per number of work hours were calculated. Adjusted IRRs for ordinary seamen/officers: IRR = 2.43 (95% CI: 1.25-4.72); for age <35/35+ years: IRR = 1.97 (1.02-3.81); length of tour: 117 days or longer compared with <117 days: IRR = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.22-0.95); 57-70 working hours per week compared with <57 h: IRR = 1.26 (0.48-3.29), 71+ h compared with <57 h: IRR = 2.12 (0.84-5.36). Non-significant IRRs >1.00 were found for ships under 10,000 GT compared with larger ships and for own flagged ships compared with ships under flag of convenience. In conclusion, more than 70 h of work per week was related to a higher rate of injuries for seafarers on merchant ships, but the result was not statistically significant. Self-report of the duration of the latest tour of duty is useful for seafarers from merchant ships with short-term employments, but not for ferries and other, non-specified types of ship with other or permanent employment.
Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2016
PubMed, Jun 5, 2000
Circumstances and outcome of roller skating accidents (RSA) and the use of protective gear was su... more Circumstances and outcome of roller skating accidents (RSA) and the use of protective gear was surveyed. During 1.1.95-31.12.98 a questionnaire survey was conducted among subjects involved in RSA and combined with data from the A + E dept. A major increase in RSA was reported during this four year study period. A total of 399 injuries were recorded, of which 178 had wrist-related injuries and of which 125 had fractures. RSA accounted for a total of 17% of all wrist fractures among 11-15 year-old teenagers. In 1998 this percentage had increased to 28%. The median age for wrist fracture was 12.6 years. Of the 325 injured who answered the questionnaire, 67% (mostly children) did not use any kind of protective gear, and only 64% had purchased such gear. Beginners and experienced skaters showed differences regarding characteristics and risk profile. Education in non-risk behaviour and the recommendation of wrist guards seems permissible, as the number of injured is suspected to be steadily growing among teenagers.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Dec 23, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2019
Purpose To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between content-related emotiona... more Purpose To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between content-related emotional demands at work and exhaustion, and to investigate if these associations were modified by other psychosocial work characteristics. Methods In 2007, 4489 Danish public service employees participated in the PRISME study by completing postal questionnaires, and 3224 participated in the follow-up in 2009. Content-related emotional demands were measured by a scale (scored 1 to 5) based on five work-content-related items, and exhaustion was measured with the general exhaustion scale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) (scored 1 to 5). The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with exhaustion were analysed in the same model and adjusted for effects of potential confounders. Effect modifications were examined separately for self-reported emotional enrichment, meaningful work, job control, social support at work and quantitative demands. Results Exhaustion increased with increasing emotional demands, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, although statistically significant, the effect was small. In the longitudinal analysis, a one unit increase in emotional demands was associated with a 0.03 unit (95% CI: 0.01-0.06) increase in exhaustion. We found statistically significant effect modification for three of six potentially modifying work characteristics. The effect of emotional demands on exhaustion was lower for participants with high levels of emotional enrichment (cross-sectionally and longitudinally), high levels of meaningful work (longitudinally), and higher for high levels of quantitative demands (cross-sectionally). Conclusions Increasing content-related emotional demands were associated with increasing levels of exhaustion, crosssectionally and longitudinally. This effect was reduced if the work was experienced as emotionally enriching and meaningful.
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2018
TOX, psychiatric symptoms and tryptophan 5 positive subjects in the anxiety and burnout subpopula... more TOX, psychiatric symptoms and tryptophan 5 positive subjects in the anxiety and burnout subpopulations had altered tryptophan metabolism. This relationship did not exist in the mild-moderate depressive subpopulation. These results suggest that TOX seropositivity may be related to anxiety, burnout and potentially to severity of depression. We furthermore show that the psychiatric symptoms could be associated with an altered tryptophan metabolism.
Injuries, 2016
Objective To investigate associations between a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Diso... more Objective To investigate associations between a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their risk of injuries. Methods In a cohort study of children and adolescence, the ADHD diagnosis was extracted from the Danish Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Departments according to the BupBase, and merged with the Danish National Patient Register, in 2004–2010, (8,601 with a confirmed diagnosis) and compared with 115,700 controls from the background population. They were followed up for injuries in the Danish National Patient Register in 2005–2011. Logistic regression with adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The number of patients and thus the incidence of hospital contacts for ADHD increased during the study period e.g. n = 767 in 2004, and n = 1,347 in 2008. In subgroup analyses the 14 to 18 year olds with ADHD showed an increased risk, adjusted OR, (95% CI), of injuries, 1.4 (1.3–1.5). Due to effect modification by gender we looked at each gender separately, and we found a slightly higher risk of injuries among females. Conclusion We found an overall increased risk of injuries for both genders of ADHD. Further studies on types of injuries and injury mechanisms are needed as well as subgroup analyses on the impact of the ADHD diagnosis on the risk of occupational injuries.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2016
Background Sickness absence (SA) among healthcare workers is associated with occupational and non... more Background Sickness absence (SA) among healthcare workers is associated with occupational and non-occupational risk factors, and impacts not only the health of the employee but could also impact on healthcare delivery and patient health. Musculoskeletal (MSK) and mental health (MH) issues are two of the main causes of SA. While a number of risk factors have been identified in the literature, there is a lack of research on the impact of the type and mix of health conditions have on the duration of SA events. Aim The aim of this project is to determine the differences in SA duration due to MH and MSK disorders using a bespoke database developed in a NHS Health Board. Methods Survival analyses and Cox's proportional hazards models were used to estimate duration SA for healthcare employees absent due to MSK and MH problems over six years. SA duration and probability of return-to-work were estimated for employees by age, gender, job and health conditions. Results MSK and MH conditions were responsible for 27% and 6% of all SA events and accounted for 23.7% and 19.5% of all days lost. Average duration of SA over the study period was 43.5 days for MSK and 53.9 days for MH conditions. For MSK conditions, employees with low back pain returned to work the fastest (50% returned in 7 days), while employees experiencing absences due to depression took the longest (50% returned in 54 days). The most influential socioeconomic variables significantly affecting return-to-work were age, gender, and job category. Conclusions This study used a unique and rich database to explore and quantify SA duration by specific cause for MSK and MH SA events. The results of this study can be used by public health practitioners and healthcare managers for the development of tailored and targeted workplace interventions
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2016
This abstract was published in error and withdrawn at the author’s request.
Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan 12, 2016
This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands ... more This study is a 2-year follow-up study of different dimensions of work-related emotional demands as a predictor for clinical depression. In a two-wave study, 3224 (72%) public employees from 474 work-units participated twice by filling in questionnaires. Sixty-two cases of clinical depression were diagnosed. Emotional demands were examined as perceived and content-related emotional demands, individually reported and work-unit based. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment were considered as potential effect modifiers. Individually reported perceived emotional demands predicted depression (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% confidence intervals: 1.02 to 1.92). The work-unit based odds ratio was in the same direction, though not significant. Content-related emotional demands did not predict depression. Support, meaningful work, and enrichment did not modify the results. The personal perception of emotional demands was a risk factor for clinical depression but specific emotionally demanding work t...
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2014
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2011
Conclusions The Akha healthcare system is closely related to their religions practice and local w... more Conclusions The Akha healthcare system is closely related to their religions practice and local wisdom. Any model of health promotion development needs to take into account such issue.