Liza Gold - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Liza Gold

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Jan 8, 2020

The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Forensic Psychiatry, 2017

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2019

Has it really been 10 years since I took the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) Fo... more Has it really been 10 years since I took the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) Forensic Psychiatry Maintenance of Certification (MOC) examination? That thought is disturbing enough in and of itself. But do I really have to take it again? And do I really have to study? I have served

Attempting litigation based on a claim of posttraumatic stress disorder can be difficult. What is... more Attempting litigation based on a claim of posttraumatic stress disorder can be difficult. What is the proper DSM definition of PTSD and in what ways can and can't it be used in court to properly defend a client? What should the role of the psychiatrist be in this process?

Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 2019

PurposeFirearm-involved violence and suicide in the USA, often collectively referred to as “gun v... more PurposeFirearm-involved violence and suicide in the USA, often collectively referred to as “gun violence,” has been labeled a public health problem and an epidemic, and even an endemic by some. Many lawmakers, community groups, mainstream media outlets and professional organizations regularly address gun-related issues and frequently associate firearm violence with mental health. As a result, these groups often set forth positions, engage in discussions and promote policies that are at least partially based on the widely held but incorrect assumption that medical and mental health professionals are either inherently equipped or professionally trained to intervene with their patients and reduce gun deaths. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachFurthermore, notable proportions of medical and mental health professionals self-report a level of comfort engaging in firearm-specific interventions that is often disproportionate to their actual education and trainin...

While general clinicians still conduct most forensic assessments, none of the previously publishe... more While general clinicians still conduct most forensic assessments, none of the previously published textbooks targets them. In the Preface, the editors of The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Forensic Psychiatry: The Clinician's Guide acknowledge that their main goal is to create a forensic textbook primarily for the general clinician. The textbook is designed to educate the reader in forensic subjects so that the reader becomes comfortable in case he or she has to "discharge forensic obligations." The book includes 23 chapters with practice guidelines and suggested reading material. Recognized authorities in the field of forensic psychiatry contribute to the text, making it valuable to forensic specialists as well. Chapter 1, "Rediscovering Forensic Psychiatry," by Liza H. Gold, MD, is an overview of the history of forensic psychiatry, the first true subspecialty of medicine. It contains interesting reading about "mad doctors," in charge of "asylums for lunatics." The author describes social, scientific, and cultural dynamics of the English and American society of the 18th and 19th centuries. It includes the first cases that involved the use of the insanity defense and testimony by medical professionals as expert witnesses. The chapter also provides historical facts that are not only fascinating to anyone who has an interest in the field, but also show important historical links with the past. This chapter clarifies how precedents of significant importance, such as James Hadfield's attempt to assassinate King George III in 1800, found its way into today's landmark cases. Not surprisingly, the challenges that psychiatrists of the past experienced remain valid today. Chapter 2, "Introduction to the Legal System" was written by Daniel W. Shuman, JD, and outlines the different roles psychiatrists play in clinical prac

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2015

The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the N... more The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the Nation's leading organization of physicians who specialize in psychiatry. APA provides for education and advocacy and develops policy through Position Statements. It promotes enhanced knowledge of particular topics relevant to psychiatric practice and patient care through Resource Documents. Since 1993, the APA has developed various positions and resource materials related to firearms and mental illness, incorporating evolving themes as new issues emerge. This paper reflects the APA's 2014 Position Statement on Firearm Access, Acts of Violence and the Relationship to Mental Illness and Mental Health Services.

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2015

The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the N... more The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the Nation's leading organization of physicians who specialize in psychiatry. APA provides for education and advocacy and develops policy through Position Statements. It promotes enhanced knowledge of particular topics relevant to psychiatric practice and patient care through Resource Documents. Since 1993, the APA has developed various positions and resource materials related to firearms and mental illness, incorporating evolving themes as new issues emerge. This paper reflects the APA's 2014 Resource Document on “Access to Firearms by People with Mental Disorders.” This article is derived from work done on behalf of American Psychiatric Association and remains the property of APA. It has been altered only in response to the requirements of peer review. Copyright © 2015 American Psychiatric Association. Published with permission (original adopted by the American Psychiatric Associati...

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

When Studs Terkel penned that people must work “or else,” it is unlikely he was thinking about me... more When Studs Terkel penned that people must work “or else,” it is unlikely he was thinking about mental health disability and disability-related evaluations. Nevertheless, such evaluations commonly occur, often in a highly charged context of claims, conflict, and dispute. The outcome of these mental health evaluations can be life altering. Careers, financial stability, benefits, or legal decisions and awards can

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

Many persons with mental or physical disabilities find that they are not able to work and seek di... more Many persons with mental or physical disabilities find that they are not able to work and seek disability benefits from programs such as Social Security Disability Income, workers’ compensation, and private disability insurance, as addressed in Chapter 7. For many other people, the meaning that they derive from work is the spiritual core that sparks their lives (see Chapter 3). These individuals want to maintain their employment despite their impairments and believe they could perform the essential functions of their jobs if given some accommodations. The law does not recognize an individual right to employment. Nevertheless, the law does provide that all people who want to work, including those with disabilities, are entitled to a fair opportunity to participate in the competitive labor market and it provides for special measures to facilitate access to competitive employment for people with disabilities (Bonnie, 1997d).

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

The inability to work as a result of psychiatric illness, whether temporary or permanent, is a se... more The inability to work as a result of psychiatric illness, whether temporary or permanent, is a serious crisis. Occupational disability can become a chronic and treatment-resistant psychosocial condition. People who become disabled lose self-esteem, become discouraged, hopeless, and deconditioned, making the prospect of returning to work increasingly challenging. The longer an individual is unable to work, the less likely it is that he or she will be able to return to work.

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

Disability and disability-related assessments require an understanding of the relationship betwee... more Disability and disability-related assessments require an understanding of the relationship between the evaluee’s internal world and external circumstances. The meaning of work and the psychological effects of both work unemployment on an evaluee’s mental health are major elements that influence an evaluee’s internal world. The dynamic between the evaluee’s internal world and external circumstances can turn upon the meaning an

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

In the previous chapter, we addressed psychiatrists’ and psychologists’ professional ethical obli... more In the previous chapter, we addressed psychiatrists’ and psychologists’ professional ethical obligations to third parties who contract for disability and disability-related evaluations, to the subjects of these evaluations, and to the courts and administrative tribunals asked to resolve relevant disputes. In this chapter we address the legal obligations attendant upon these evaluations. Psychiatrists and psychologists should also be familiar to

Psychological and Psychiatric Perspectives, 2011

Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry, 2Ed, 2003

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2007

Many psychiatrists believe that there is little or no liability associated with conducting examin... more Many psychiatrists believe that there is little or no liability associated with conducting examinations at the request of a third party or with providing testimony in civil litigation. Case law has demonstrated otherwise. Psychiatrists conducting independent medical examinations (IMEs) may be vulnerable to tort lawsuits by either the evaluee or the third party who commissions the IME. In addition, breaches of legal or ethical conduct can lead to disciplinary action by state medical boards and professional organizations. Although immunity for certain types of forensic activities is available, such immunity is qualified and may not be applicable to evaluations and related testimony conducted for third parties. Understanding the liability associated with third-party evaluations will assist psychiatrists in minimizing their exposure.

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Jan 8, 2020

The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Forensic Psychiatry, 2017

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2019

Has it really been 10 years since I took the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) Fo... more Has it really been 10 years since I took the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) Forensic Psychiatry Maintenance of Certification (MOC) examination? That thought is disturbing enough in and of itself. But do I really have to take it again? And do I really have to study? I have served

Attempting litigation based on a claim of posttraumatic stress disorder can be difficult. What is... more Attempting litigation based on a claim of posttraumatic stress disorder can be difficult. What is the proper DSM definition of PTSD and in what ways can and can't it be used in court to properly defend a client? What should the role of the psychiatrist be in this process?

Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 2019

PurposeFirearm-involved violence and suicide in the USA, often collectively referred to as “gun v... more PurposeFirearm-involved violence and suicide in the USA, often collectively referred to as “gun violence,” has been labeled a public health problem and an epidemic, and even an endemic by some. Many lawmakers, community groups, mainstream media outlets and professional organizations regularly address gun-related issues and frequently associate firearm violence with mental health. As a result, these groups often set forth positions, engage in discussions and promote policies that are at least partially based on the widely held but incorrect assumption that medical and mental health professionals are either inherently equipped or professionally trained to intervene with their patients and reduce gun deaths. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachFurthermore, notable proportions of medical and mental health professionals self-report a level of comfort engaging in firearm-specific interventions that is often disproportionate to their actual education and trainin...

While general clinicians still conduct most forensic assessments, none of the previously publishe... more While general clinicians still conduct most forensic assessments, none of the previously published textbooks targets them. In the Preface, the editors of The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Forensic Psychiatry: The Clinician's Guide acknowledge that their main goal is to create a forensic textbook primarily for the general clinician. The textbook is designed to educate the reader in forensic subjects so that the reader becomes comfortable in case he or she has to "discharge forensic obligations." The book includes 23 chapters with practice guidelines and suggested reading material. Recognized authorities in the field of forensic psychiatry contribute to the text, making it valuable to forensic specialists as well. Chapter 1, "Rediscovering Forensic Psychiatry," by Liza H. Gold, MD, is an overview of the history of forensic psychiatry, the first true subspecialty of medicine. It contains interesting reading about "mad doctors," in charge of "asylums for lunatics." The author describes social, scientific, and cultural dynamics of the English and American society of the 18th and 19th centuries. It includes the first cases that involved the use of the insanity defense and testimony by medical professionals as expert witnesses. The chapter also provides historical facts that are not only fascinating to anyone who has an interest in the field, but also show important historical links with the past. This chapter clarifies how precedents of significant importance, such as James Hadfield's attempt to assassinate King George III in 1800, found its way into today's landmark cases. Not surprisingly, the challenges that psychiatrists of the past experienced remain valid today. Chapter 2, "Introduction to the Legal System" was written by Daniel W. Shuman, JD, and outlines the different roles psychiatrists play in clinical prac

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2015

The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the N... more The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the Nation's leading organization of physicians who specialize in psychiatry. APA provides for education and advocacy and develops policy through Position Statements. It promotes enhanced knowledge of particular topics relevant to psychiatric practice and patient care through Resource Documents. Since 1993, the APA has developed various positions and resource materials related to firearms and mental illness, incorporating evolving themes as new issues emerge. This paper reflects the APA's 2014 Position Statement on Firearm Access, Acts of Violence and the Relationship to Mental Illness and Mental Health Services.

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2015

The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the N... more The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the Nation's leading organization of physicians who specialize in psychiatry. APA provides for education and advocacy and develops policy through Position Statements. It promotes enhanced knowledge of particular topics relevant to psychiatric practice and patient care through Resource Documents. Since 1993, the APA has developed various positions and resource materials related to firearms and mental illness, incorporating evolving themes as new issues emerge. This paper reflects the APA's 2014 Resource Document on “Access to Firearms by People with Mental Disorders.” This article is derived from work done on behalf of American Psychiatric Association and remains the property of APA. It has been altered only in response to the requirements of peer review. Copyright © 2015 American Psychiatric Association. Published with permission (original adopted by the American Psychiatric Associati...

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

When Studs Terkel penned that people must work “or else,” it is unlikely he was thinking about me... more When Studs Terkel penned that people must work “or else,” it is unlikely he was thinking about mental health disability and disability-related evaluations. Nevertheless, such evaluations commonly occur, often in a highly charged context of claims, conflict, and dispute. The outcome of these mental health evaluations can be life altering. Careers, financial stability, benefits, or legal decisions and awards can

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

Many persons with mental or physical disabilities find that they are not able to work and seek di... more Many persons with mental or physical disabilities find that they are not able to work and seek disability benefits from programs such as Social Security Disability Income, workers’ compensation, and private disability insurance, as addressed in Chapter 7. For many other people, the meaning that they derive from work is the spiritual core that sparks their lives (see Chapter 3). These individuals want to maintain their employment despite their impairments and believe they could perform the essential functions of their jobs if given some accommodations. The law does not recognize an individual right to employment. Nevertheless, the law does provide that all people who want to work, including those with disabilities, are entitled to a fair opportunity to participate in the competitive labor market and it provides for special measures to facilitate access to competitive employment for people with disabilities (Bonnie, 1997d).

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

The inability to work as a result of psychiatric illness, whether temporary or permanent, is a se... more The inability to work as a result of psychiatric illness, whether temporary or permanent, is a serious crisis. Occupational disability can become a chronic and treatment-resistant psychosocial condition. People who become disabled lose self-esteem, become discouraged, hopeless, and deconditioned, making the prospect of returning to work increasingly challenging. The longer an individual is unable to work, the less likely it is that he or she will be able to return to work.

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

Disability and disability-related assessments require an understanding of the relationship betwee... more Disability and disability-related assessments require an understanding of the relationship between the evaluee’s internal world and external circumstances. The meaning of work and the psychological effects of both work unemployment on an evaluee’s mental health are major elements that influence an evaluee’s internal world. The dynamic between the evaluee’s internal world and external circumstances can turn upon the meaning an

Evaluating Mental Health Disability in the Workplace, 2009

In the previous chapter, we addressed psychiatrists’ and psychologists’ professional ethical obli... more In the previous chapter, we addressed psychiatrists’ and psychologists’ professional ethical obligations to third parties who contract for disability and disability-related evaluations, to the subjects of these evaluations, and to the courts and administrative tribunals asked to resolve relevant disputes. In this chapter we address the legal obligations attendant upon these evaluations. Psychiatrists and psychologists should also be familiar to

Psychological and Psychiatric Perspectives, 2011

Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry, 2Ed, 2003

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2007

Many psychiatrists believe that there is little or no liability associated with conducting examin... more Many psychiatrists believe that there is little or no liability associated with conducting examinations at the request of a third party or with providing testimony in civil litigation. Case law has demonstrated otherwise. Psychiatrists conducting independent medical examinations (IMEs) may be vulnerable to tort lawsuits by either the evaluee or the third party who commissions the IME. In addition, breaches of legal or ethical conduct can lead to disciplinary action by state medical boards and professional organizations. Although immunity for certain types of forensic activities is available, such immunity is qualified and may not be applicable to evaluations and related testimony conducted for third parties. Understanding the liability associated with third-party evaluations will assist psychiatrists in minimizing their exposure.