Ljiljana Vasović - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ljiljana Vasović

Research paper thumbnail of Four Decades of Endemic Nephropathy in Mezgraja

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological characteristics of the myocardial bridges in the level of the anterior interventricular branch of a human fetal heart

Vojnosanitetski pregled, 2017

Background/Aim. Myocardial bridges (MB) are narrower or wider fascicles of the atrial or ventricu... more Background/Aim. Myocardial bridges (MB) are narrower or wider fascicles of the atrial or ventricular muscle fibres which form a ?bridge? either across the main trunks of coronary arteries or their major subepicardial branches. The aim of this research was to determine and present the exact frequency, morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of the MB in the level of anterior interventricular branch (AIB) in human fetal hearts. Methods. The study was performed on 63 human fetal hearts. Images of the analyzed hearts were captured with a digital camera and afterwards morphometrically evaluated with ImageJ. Characteristic cases of the MB were dissected, sampled and further routinely processed for the subsequent histological analysis. Finally, the obtained morphometric data were statistically analyzed. Results. The presence of the MB on the AIB was proven histologically and under the magnifying glass. Myocardial bridges were found in 53.97% of the hearts. The percenta...

Research paper thumbnail of Remnants of embryonic arteries on the brain base: A case report

World Journal of Neuroscience, 2012

The posterior communicating artery (PCoA) arises from the cerebral part of the internal carotid a... more The posterior communicating artery (PCoA) arises from the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery and reaching the interpeduncular cistern unites with the posterior cerebral artery, marking the beginning of its post-communicating part. We accidentally found a case of an unusual origin and termination of the right PCoA associated with a presence of the right olfactory artery remnant in a 35-year-old male cadaver routinely dissected at Institute of Forensic Medicine. Presented vascular variations have not been reported previously in the literature. In the event of PCoA origin from the right middle cerebral artery normally developed from the cranial end of primitive internal carotid artery, as well as the PCoA junction with basilar tip, this PCoA could be the most cranial carotidbasilar anastomosis. Simultaneously, here presented right olfactory artery remnant could be the third variant of this persistent embryonic artery.

Research paper thumbnail of Fetal azygos pericallosal artery

Clinical Anatomy, 2006

An unpaired trunk forming part of the anterior cerebral arteries, the so-called azygos pericallos... more An unpaired trunk forming part of the anterior cerebral arteries, the so-called azygos pericallosal artery, was found in a male fetus among a collection of 200 fetuses. The morphological characteristics of the trunk and the anterior cerebral arteries at the "preazygos" and the "postazygos" segments were examined using an operating microscope. The azygos pericallosal artery distributes into three postazygos segments of which only the median postazygos segment or median callosal artery had a bihemispheric distribution of its branches to the medial telencephalic surfaces.

Research paper thumbnail of Double unilateral fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery in the pre-communicating segment: a report of a unique case

Folia Morphologica, 2021

A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior... more A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in a 78-year old woman was a special case among 388 cadaveric specimens. It was found by a retrospective review of the personal data obtained during graduate and undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Two unequal fenestrations of the right A1 segment were associated with the presence of a pseudo anterior communicating artery, hypoplasia of the right posterior communicating artery and the left superior cerebellar artery, absence of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and ectasia of the basilar artery; however, the cerebral arteries were without aneurysm(s) or other pathology. The reason could be the almost equal ACA diameter on both sides.

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital Unilateral Absence of the Internal Carotid Artery Associated with Aneurysms of Different Arteries: A Review

Research paper thumbnail of The Tenth Vascular Component in a Rare Form of the Cerebral Arterial Circle of Fetuses

Cells Tissues Organs, 2005

The ancient knowledge of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) angioarchitecture could be supplement... more The ancient knowledge of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) angioarchitecture could be supplemented by either a new or a forgotten old fact about it. Therefore, 7 cases of a rare form of the CAC of fetuses were described, where the so-called intermediate communicating artery, as an excess vessel into the posterior part, represented either its new vascular component or the developmental segment of this part. The paper aims at revealing the fetal history and morphological features of this ‘underdeveloped’ posterior part of the CAC during the 2nd and 3rd gestational trimesters, which could be of anatomical and clinical meaning in similar prenatal and/or postnatal cases.

Research paper thumbnail of Origin of the Left Vertebral Artery from Ipsilateral Common Carotid Artery in a Human Fetus: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Facta Universitatis. Series: Medicine and Biology

Although the vertebral artery (VA) is a type of artery with a lot of variations, its origin from ... more Although the vertebral artery (VA) is a type of artery with a lot of variations, its origin from the common carotid artery (CCA) is one of the rarities that deserves to be presented.Microdissection of injected arteries in the thorax and neck of human fetuses under the operating microscope was used and documented in the workbook and photos. The origin of the left VA from ipsilateral CCA, and its entry into the transverse foramen of the fourth cervical vertebra (C IV), associated with the normal vascular arrangement of branches of the aortic arch were the main features of this case. Simultaneously, the right VA of normal (subclavian) origin entered the C V transverse foramen. A present case of the left VA−CCA variant is the only one discovered in human fetuses, respectively, in total it is the tenth human case in the literature. However, the future findings could show whether the right aortic arch and the carotid stenosis discovered in half of known adult cases can be possible causal ...

Research paper thumbnail of Unusual Triple Transverse Anastomoses between the Posterior Cerebral Arteries in the Interpeduncular Fossa

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review

BioMed Research International, 2019

In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the ... more In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA), which is usually a vascular source of the external carotid (ECA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries, we investigated online databases of anatomical and clinical papers published from the 18th century to the present day. We found 87 recorded cases of uni- and bilateral CCA aplasia in subjects from the first hours to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 14 (known) countries. Four crucial parameters were described: the embryology of the carotid arteries, morphophysiology of the carotid arteries, CCA aplasia, and unilateral versus bilateral CCA aplasia, including history, general data, diagnosing, vascular sources, caliber, course of the separated ECA and ICA, associated vascular variants, and pathological disorders. To complete the knowledge of the morphofunctional consequences of the absence of some artery of the carotid system, and risking ...

Research paper thumbnail of Reevaluation of the Morphological Parameters according to 11 Different Duplications of the Fetal Vertebral Artery at Prevertebral (V1) and Intracranial (V4) Parts

Cells Tissues Organs, 2004

It is noted that the vertebral artery lies buried in a sea of generalities, prejudices, fear, and... more It is noted that the vertebral artery lies buried in a sea of generalities, prejudices, fear, and ignorance in the clinical literature. This fact is the reason why this observation is based on 11 cases, selected from 206 fetal cases, of various duplications of the vertebral artery. Aberrant or anastomotic vessels are illustrated and their definition is largely modified according to the recent anatomic terminology. Duplications of the vertebral artery indicate the ‘segmental duplication’ as a first form, and the presence of an abnormal ‘fenestra’ in the vessel’s trunk as a second form of duplication. There are 9 (5 at prevertebral and 4 at intracranial parts) or 4.36% cases of ‘segmental duplication’ of the vertebral artery and 2 or 0.98% ‘arteria vertebralis unifenestrata’ at the intracranial part of all 206 cases. Successive morphological parameters of aberrant or anastomotic vessels are described and discussed according to personal cases and cases in the literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Anterior Cerebral–Anterior Communicating Complex in the Postnatal Period: From a Fenestration to the Multiplication of Arteries

The anterior cerebral artery is a medial terminal branch of the cerebral part of the internal car... more The anterior cerebral artery is a medial terminal branch of the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery on both sides. These paired arteries are connected by the anterior communicating artery. Different abnormalities of the anterior communicating–anterior cerebral arteries can include an aplasia or hypoplasia, or variable origin and/or course and/or termination, or fenestration, or duplication or multiplication or persistence of primitive or additional vessels. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the relationships of morphological abnormalities of an anterior communicating–anterior cerebral complex in human adults of Serbian population. Material represented 266 human cadavers autopsied at the Institute for Forensic Medicine in Nis. Cerebral arteries were investigated macroscopically, under the glass; outer vessel’s diameter was measured using ImageJ processing program. A total of 87 cases or 32.71% of different abnormalities of the anterior communicating–anterior cere...

Research paper thumbnail of Subject Index Vol. 176, 2004

Cells Tissues Organs, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Hypoglossal artery: a review of normal and pathological features

Neurosurgical Review, 2008

The hypoglossal artery is rarely described member of carotid-basilar family anastomoses. Together... more The hypoglossal artery is rarely described member of carotid-basilar family anastomoses. Together with a caudal end of the primitive internal artery, trigeminal, otic, and proatlantal intersegmental arteries, it represents the remnant of vascular channels' unsuccessful involution which function normally stops in human embryo with 12 to 14 mm crown-rump length. The persistence of hypoglossal artery alone is usually incidental and asymptomatic finding during the routine angiography, while during autopsies or surgical operations, its presence is frequently associated with other vascular or organic abnormalities and diseases. The aim of this review is to document the hypoglossal artery developmental morphology, as well as the normal anatomical and clinical aspects and better understanding of its persistence overall significance.

Research paper thumbnail of Variable Left And/Or Right Vertebral Artery in Prevertebral Part: A Review of Features in the Postnatal Period

The vertebral artery (VA), as the first upstream branch of the subclavian artery on both sides co... more The vertebral artery (VA), as the first upstream branch of the subclavian artery on both sides courses having four topographical parts-prevertebral, cervical, atlantic and intracranial to the interlocking connection into basilar artery. However, its amenability to the variations can be at the origin, and/or course and/or termination. The review of postnatal features of variable VA origin and its prevertebral part was performed according to the 171 literature case reports. Among them, 94 cases of variable left VA, 30 cases of variable left and right VAs and 47 cases of variable right VA have been analyzed. The left and/or right VAs were showed as simple or common vessels or segmentally duplicated at their origin from the aorta and/or subclavian or common carotid or external carotid artery or unusual arterial stems. Different patterns of single VA origin and/or arrangement associated with main supra-aortic arteries variants were presented as 30 primary (basic) and 32 complementary mod...

Research paper thumbnail of Relations of the Initial Segment of the Oculomotor Nerve and Adjacent Arteries in Fetal and Adult Period

Facta Universitatis Series Medicine and Biology, May 6, 2014

The relationship between the initial part of the oculomotor nerve and the posterior cerebral and ... more The relationship between the initial part of the oculomotor nerve and the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries is well understood, but there is still insufficient data about details of these relationships. The aim of this work was to examine the relationships of the initial segment of the oculomotor nerve with adjacent arteries in fetal and adult period. The examination was performed on 259 human brains (191 adults and 68 fetuses). Arteries in fetal brain were perfused with Micropaque and examined by photo film. Adult cases were examined during the forensic autopsy and then basis of the brain was photographed. The close relationship of the initial segment of the oculomotor nerve with basilar artery in 8.3%, with superior cerebellar artery in 17.3%, with posterior cerebral artery in 68.6% of cases was noted. The root of the nerve appeared above postcommunicating part of the posterior cerebral artery in 1.3% of cases and under the level of superior cerebellar artery in 1.6% of cases. The oculomotor nerve with two roots was noted in 2.6% of cases. Neurovascular relationship between oculomotor nerve and adjacent arteries, as morphological characteristic on the ventral side of the brain trunk, has pathoanatomical meaning by the nerve disfunction caused by compression.

Research paper thumbnail of Otic artery: a review of normal and pathological features

Medical Science Monitor, 2010

Three primitive arteries - the trigeminal, otic and hypoglossal take the names according to their... more Three primitive arteries - the trigeminal, otic and hypoglossal take the names according to their close relation with the V, VIII and XII cranial nerves, while at the cervical level, the first segmental artery is named the primitive proatlantal intersegmental artery. When the human embryo is 4 mm long, these arteries serve as transitory anastomoses between primitive internal carotid arteries and bilateral longitudinal neural arterial plexus, which is the precursor of future basilar artery. Normal and/or abnormal morphofunctional aspects of the prenatal and postnatal forms of the otic artery are described according to the personal and literature data. Many (ab) normal arteries are also noted in differential diagnosis of the otic artery. Postnatally, individual incidence rates of the carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses have been found to be inversely related to their order of disappearance. The persistent trigeminal artery has a reported incidence from 0.06-0.6%, whereas the persisten...

Research paper thumbnail of A Guide for the Practical Exam in Human Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological aspect of the thyroid ima artery in human fetuses

Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology

Some morphological characteristics of the variable thyroid ima artery were investigated on the in... more Some morphological characteristics of the variable thyroid ima artery were investigated on the injected fetal arteries and explained on their 106 static images. Thyroid ima artery of different origin was proven in 18 (16.9%) cases. With respect to the vascular sources of the investigated artery, the branching of the brachiocephalic trunk and right common carotid artery was found in 72.1% of the cases. At the same time, the thyroid ima and superior or inferior thyroid arteries were obvious in all cases, as well as the presence of single or multiple variations and abnormalities of neighbouring arteries in 38.8% of the cases. No major anatomical difference was noted between the fetal form of the variable thyroid artery reported in this paper and the postnatal form reviewed from the literature. Thyroid ima artery probably represents an example of the arterial self-differentiation and induced differentiation of the unilateral vascular trunk.

Research paper thumbnail of Bilateral Absence of the Internal Carotid Artery Versus Bilateral Absence of the Vertebral Artery

Despite the rare appearance of the bilateral absence of paired cerebral arteries – internal carot... more Despite the rare appearance of the bilateral absence of paired cerebral arteries – internal carotid or vertebral one, the purpose of this paper is the comparison of such cases. Described differences (or similarities) are mostly related to the general data, morphophysiology, and (selected) pathological conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Four Decades of Endemic Nephropathy in Mezgraja

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological characteristics of the myocardial bridges in the level of the anterior interventricular branch of a human fetal heart

Vojnosanitetski pregled, 2017

Background/Aim. Myocardial bridges (MB) are narrower or wider fascicles of the atrial or ventricu... more Background/Aim. Myocardial bridges (MB) are narrower or wider fascicles of the atrial or ventricular muscle fibres which form a ?bridge? either across the main trunks of coronary arteries or their major subepicardial branches. The aim of this research was to determine and present the exact frequency, morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of the MB in the level of anterior interventricular branch (AIB) in human fetal hearts. Methods. The study was performed on 63 human fetal hearts. Images of the analyzed hearts were captured with a digital camera and afterwards morphometrically evaluated with ImageJ. Characteristic cases of the MB were dissected, sampled and further routinely processed for the subsequent histological analysis. Finally, the obtained morphometric data were statistically analyzed. Results. The presence of the MB on the AIB was proven histologically and under the magnifying glass. Myocardial bridges were found in 53.97% of the hearts. The percenta...

Research paper thumbnail of Remnants of embryonic arteries on the brain base: A case report

World Journal of Neuroscience, 2012

The posterior communicating artery (PCoA) arises from the cerebral part of the internal carotid a... more The posterior communicating artery (PCoA) arises from the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery and reaching the interpeduncular cistern unites with the posterior cerebral artery, marking the beginning of its post-communicating part. We accidentally found a case of an unusual origin and termination of the right PCoA associated with a presence of the right olfactory artery remnant in a 35-year-old male cadaver routinely dissected at Institute of Forensic Medicine. Presented vascular variations have not been reported previously in the literature. In the event of PCoA origin from the right middle cerebral artery normally developed from the cranial end of primitive internal carotid artery, as well as the PCoA junction with basilar tip, this PCoA could be the most cranial carotidbasilar anastomosis. Simultaneously, here presented right olfactory artery remnant could be the third variant of this persistent embryonic artery.

Research paper thumbnail of Fetal azygos pericallosal artery

Clinical Anatomy, 2006

An unpaired trunk forming part of the anterior cerebral arteries, the so-called azygos pericallos... more An unpaired trunk forming part of the anterior cerebral arteries, the so-called azygos pericallosal artery, was found in a male fetus among a collection of 200 fetuses. The morphological characteristics of the trunk and the anterior cerebral arteries at the "preazygos" and the "postazygos" segments were examined using an operating microscope. The azygos pericallosal artery distributes into three postazygos segments of which only the median postazygos segment or median callosal artery had a bihemispheric distribution of its branches to the medial telencephalic surfaces.

Research paper thumbnail of Double unilateral fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery in the pre-communicating segment: a report of a unique case

Folia Morphologica, 2021

A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior... more A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in a 78-year old woman was a special case among 388 cadaveric specimens. It was found by a retrospective review of the personal data obtained during graduate and undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Two unequal fenestrations of the right A1 segment were associated with the presence of a pseudo anterior communicating artery, hypoplasia of the right posterior communicating artery and the left superior cerebellar artery, absence of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and ectasia of the basilar artery; however, the cerebral arteries were without aneurysm(s) or other pathology. The reason could be the almost equal ACA diameter on both sides.

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital Unilateral Absence of the Internal Carotid Artery Associated with Aneurysms of Different Arteries: A Review

Research paper thumbnail of The Tenth Vascular Component in a Rare Form of the Cerebral Arterial Circle of Fetuses

Cells Tissues Organs, 2005

The ancient knowledge of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) angioarchitecture could be supplement... more The ancient knowledge of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) angioarchitecture could be supplemented by either a new or a forgotten old fact about it. Therefore, 7 cases of a rare form of the CAC of fetuses were described, where the so-called intermediate communicating artery, as an excess vessel into the posterior part, represented either its new vascular component or the developmental segment of this part. The paper aims at revealing the fetal history and morphological features of this ‘underdeveloped’ posterior part of the CAC during the 2nd and 3rd gestational trimesters, which could be of anatomical and clinical meaning in similar prenatal and/or postnatal cases.

Research paper thumbnail of Origin of the Left Vertebral Artery from Ipsilateral Common Carotid Artery in a Human Fetus: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Facta Universitatis. Series: Medicine and Biology

Although the vertebral artery (VA) is a type of artery with a lot of variations, its origin from ... more Although the vertebral artery (VA) is a type of artery with a lot of variations, its origin from the common carotid artery (CCA) is one of the rarities that deserves to be presented.Microdissection of injected arteries in the thorax and neck of human fetuses under the operating microscope was used and documented in the workbook and photos. The origin of the left VA from ipsilateral CCA, and its entry into the transverse foramen of the fourth cervical vertebra (C IV), associated with the normal vascular arrangement of branches of the aortic arch were the main features of this case. Simultaneously, the right VA of normal (subclavian) origin entered the C V transverse foramen. A present case of the left VA−CCA variant is the only one discovered in human fetuses, respectively, in total it is the tenth human case in the literature. However, the future findings could show whether the right aortic arch and the carotid stenosis discovered in half of known adult cases can be possible causal ...

Research paper thumbnail of Unusual Triple Transverse Anastomoses between the Posterior Cerebral Arteries in the Interpeduncular Fossa

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review

BioMed Research International, 2019

In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the ... more In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA), which is usually a vascular source of the external carotid (ECA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries, we investigated online databases of anatomical and clinical papers published from the 18th century to the present day. We found 87 recorded cases of uni- and bilateral CCA aplasia in subjects from the first hours to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 14 (known) countries. Four crucial parameters were described: the embryology of the carotid arteries, morphophysiology of the carotid arteries, CCA aplasia, and unilateral versus bilateral CCA aplasia, including history, general data, diagnosing, vascular sources, caliber, course of the separated ECA and ICA, associated vascular variants, and pathological disorders. To complete the knowledge of the morphofunctional consequences of the absence of some artery of the carotid system, and risking ...

Research paper thumbnail of Reevaluation of the Morphological Parameters according to 11 Different Duplications of the Fetal Vertebral Artery at Prevertebral (V1) and Intracranial (V4) Parts

Cells Tissues Organs, 2004

It is noted that the vertebral artery lies buried in a sea of generalities, prejudices, fear, and... more It is noted that the vertebral artery lies buried in a sea of generalities, prejudices, fear, and ignorance in the clinical literature. This fact is the reason why this observation is based on 11 cases, selected from 206 fetal cases, of various duplications of the vertebral artery. Aberrant or anastomotic vessels are illustrated and their definition is largely modified according to the recent anatomic terminology. Duplications of the vertebral artery indicate the ‘segmental duplication’ as a first form, and the presence of an abnormal ‘fenestra’ in the vessel’s trunk as a second form of duplication. There are 9 (5 at prevertebral and 4 at intracranial parts) or 4.36% cases of ‘segmental duplication’ of the vertebral artery and 2 or 0.98% ‘arteria vertebralis unifenestrata’ at the intracranial part of all 206 cases. Successive morphological parameters of aberrant or anastomotic vessels are described and discussed according to personal cases and cases in the literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Anterior Cerebral–Anterior Communicating Complex in the Postnatal Period: From a Fenestration to the Multiplication of Arteries

The anterior cerebral artery is a medial terminal branch of the cerebral part of the internal car... more The anterior cerebral artery is a medial terminal branch of the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery on both sides. These paired arteries are connected by the anterior communicating artery. Different abnormalities of the anterior communicating–anterior cerebral arteries can include an aplasia or hypoplasia, or variable origin and/or course and/or termination, or fenestration, or duplication or multiplication or persistence of primitive or additional vessels. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the relationships of morphological abnormalities of an anterior communicating–anterior cerebral complex in human adults of Serbian population. Material represented 266 human cadavers autopsied at the Institute for Forensic Medicine in Nis. Cerebral arteries were investigated macroscopically, under the glass; outer vessel’s diameter was measured using ImageJ processing program. A total of 87 cases or 32.71% of different abnormalities of the anterior communicating–anterior cere...

Research paper thumbnail of Subject Index Vol. 176, 2004

Cells Tissues Organs, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Hypoglossal artery: a review of normal and pathological features

Neurosurgical Review, 2008

The hypoglossal artery is rarely described member of carotid-basilar family anastomoses. Together... more The hypoglossal artery is rarely described member of carotid-basilar family anastomoses. Together with a caudal end of the primitive internal artery, trigeminal, otic, and proatlantal intersegmental arteries, it represents the remnant of vascular channels' unsuccessful involution which function normally stops in human embryo with 12 to 14 mm crown-rump length. The persistence of hypoglossal artery alone is usually incidental and asymptomatic finding during the routine angiography, while during autopsies or surgical operations, its presence is frequently associated with other vascular or organic abnormalities and diseases. The aim of this review is to document the hypoglossal artery developmental morphology, as well as the normal anatomical and clinical aspects and better understanding of its persistence overall significance.

Research paper thumbnail of Variable Left And/Or Right Vertebral Artery in Prevertebral Part: A Review of Features in the Postnatal Period

The vertebral artery (VA), as the first upstream branch of the subclavian artery on both sides co... more The vertebral artery (VA), as the first upstream branch of the subclavian artery on both sides courses having four topographical parts-prevertebral, cervical, atlantic and intracranial to the interlocking connection into basilar artery. However, its amenability to the variations can be at the origin, and/or course and/or termination. The review of postnatal features of variable VA origin and its prevertebral part was performed according to the 171 literature case reports. Among them, 94 cases of variable left VA, 30 cases of variable left and right VAs and 47 cases of variable right VA have been analyzed. The left and/or right VAs were showed as simple or common vessels or segmentally duplicated at their origin from the aorta and/or subclavian or common carotid or external carotid artery or unusual arterial stems. Different patterns of single VA origin and/or arrangement associated with main supra-aortic arteries variants were presented as 30 primary (basic) and 32 complementary mod...

Research paper thumbnail of Relations of the Initial Segment of the Oculomotor Nerve and Adjacent Arteries in Fetal and Adult Period

Facta Universitatis Series Medicine and Biology, May 6, 2014

The relationship between the initial part of the oculomotor nerve and the posterior cerebral and ... more The relationship between the initial part of the oculomotor nerve and the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries is well understood, but there is still insufficient data about details of these relationships. The aim of this work was to examine the relationships of the initial segment of the oculomotor nerve with adjacent arteries in fetal and adult period. The examination was performed on 259 human brains (191 adults and 68 fetuses). Arteries in fetal brain were perfused with Micropaque and examined by photo film. Adult cases were examined during the forensic autopsy and then basis of the brain was photographed. The close relationship of the initial segment of the oculomotor nerve with basilar artery in 8.3%, with superior cerebellar artery in 17.3%, with posterior cerebral artery in 68.6% of cases was noted. The root of the nerve appeared above postcommunicating part of the posterior cerebral artery in 1.3% of cases and under the level of superior cerebellar artery in 1.6% of cases. The oculomotor nerve with two roots was noted in 2.6% of cases. Neurovascular relationship between oculomotor nerve and adjacent arteries, as morphological characteristic on the ventral side of the brain trunk, has pathoanatomical meaning by the nerve disfunction caused by compression.

Research paper thumbnail of Otic artery: a review of normal and pathological features

Medical Science Monitor, 2010

Three primitive arteries - the trigeminal, otic and hypoglossal take the names according to their... more Three primitive arteries - the trigeminal, otic and hypoglossal take the names according to their close relation with the V, VIII and XII cranial nerves, while at the cervical level, the first segmental artery is named the primitive proatlantal intersegmental artery. When the human embryo is 4 mm long, these arteries serve as transitory anastomoses between primitive internal carotid arteries and bilateral longitudinal neural arterial plexus, which is the precursor of future basilar artery. Normal and/or abnormal morphofunctional aspects of the prenatal and postnatal forms of the otic artery are described according to the personal and literature data. Many (ab) normal arteries are also noted in differential diagnosis of the otic artery. Postnatally, individual incidence rates of the carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses have been found to be inversely related to their order of disappearance. The persistent trigeminal artery has a reported incidence from 0.06-0.6%, whereas the persisten...

Research paper thumbnail of A Guide for the Practical Exam in Human Anatomy

Research paper thumbnail of Morphological aspect of the thyroid ima artery in human fetuses

Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology

Some morphological characteristics of the variable thyroid ima artery were investigated on the in... more Some morphological characteristics of the variable thyroid ima artery were investigated on the injected fetal arteries and explained on their 106 static images. Thyroid ima artery of different origin was proven in 18 (16.9%) cases. With respect to the vascular sources of the investigated artery, the branching of the brachiocephalic trunk and right common carotid artery was found in 72.1% of the cases. At the same time, the thyroid ima and superior or inferior thyroid arteries were obvious in all cases, as well as the presence of single or multiple variations and abnormalities of neighbouring arteries in 38.8% of the cases. No major anatomical difference was noted between the fetal form of the variable thyroid artery reported in this paper and the postnatal form reviewed from the literature. Thyroid ima artery probably represents an example of the arterial self-differentiation and induced differentiation of the unilateral vascular trunk.

Research paper thumbnail of Bilateral Absence of the Internal Carotid Artery Versus Bilateral Absence of the Vertebral Artery

Despite the rare appearance of the bilateral absence of paired cerebral arteries – internal carot... more Despite the rare appearance of the bilateral absence of paired cerebral arteries – internal carotid or vertebral one, the purpose of this paper is the comparison of such cases. Described differences (or similarities) are mostly related to the general data, morphophysiology, and (selected) pathological conditions.