Louise Loyant - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Louise Loyant
Information about the rank calculation (David scores and rank verification)
Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of ev... more Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. In animal studies, striking individual variations are often largely ignored and their causes rarely considered. Hence, our aims were to systematically investigate individual variability in inhibitory control, to replicate the most common causes of individual variation (age, sex and rank) and to determine if these factors had a consistent effect on three main components of inhibitory control (inhibition of a distraction, inhibition of an action, inhibition of a cognitive set). We tested 21 rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) in a battery of validated touchscreen tasks. We first found individual variations in all inhibitory control performances. We then demonstrated that males had poorer performances to inhibit a distraction and that middle-aged individuals exhibited poorer performance in the inhibition of a cognitive set. Hence, the factors of age and sex were...
Touch screen training phases and supplementary results (results of additional LMM and GLMM)
Supplementary materials, DATA, MATLAB and R scripts for "Heterogeneity of performances in se... more Supplementary materials, DATA, MATLAB and R scripts for "Heterogeneity of performances in several inhibitory control tasks: male rhesus macaques are more easily distracted than females". The DATA folder includes all the data sets from the Modified Stroop task, the Go/No-go task and the reversal learning task. The MATLAB folder includes MATLAB scripts for stimuli presentation of the 3 tasks. The R folder includes R scripts used for the statistical analysis of the subject's perforances for the 3 tasks. Supplementary materials 1 (with additional tables) and 2 (with information about rank calculation are provided).
PeerJ, 2022
Inhibitory control, the ability to override an inappropriate prepotent response, is crucial in ma... more Inhibitory control, the ability to override an inappropriate prepotent response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. However, the various paradigms designed to measure inhibitory control often suffer from a lack of systematic validation and have yielded mixed results. Thus the nature of this ability remains unclear, is it a general construct or a family of distinct sub-components? Therefore, the aim of this study was first to demonstrate the content validity and the temporal repeatability of a battery of inhibitory control tasks. Then we wanted to assess the contextual consistency of performances between these tasks to better understand the structure of inhibitory control. We tested 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, 12 males, nine females) in a battery of touchscreen tasks assessing three main components of inhibitory control: inhibition of a distraction (using a Distraction task), inhibition of an impulsive action (using a Go/No-go task) and inhibition of a cognitive set...
Le chlorpyrifos (CPF), pesticide agricole, est suspecte de neurotoxicite chez les enfants. Cet ef... more Le chlorpyrifos (CPF), pesticide agricole, est suspecte de neurotoxicite chez les enfants. Cet effet, observe suite a une exposition developpementale a faible dose reposerait sur l’inhibition de l'hydrolase des amides d'acides gras du systeme des endocanabinoides (FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase). Des rats Sprague-Dawley ont ete exposes, en periode postnatale (PND10 a PND 16) soit au CPF a 0.5, 0,75 et 1 mg/kg/j, soit a un inhibiteur specifique de la FAAH (PF-04457845). Les rats traites avec le CPF ont montre une diminution de l’anxiete et une augmentation des comportements sociaux, comme ceux traites par PF-04457845, suggerant l’implication de la FAAH dans les effets comportementaux du CPF. Les valeurs toxicologiques de reference utilisees pour evaluer les risques sanitaires du CPF devraient prendre pas en compte la sensibilite particuliere pendant le developpement, ce qui permettrait d’assurer une meilleure protection de la sante des enfants.
Royal Society Open Science, 2021
Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of ev... more Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. In animal studies, striking individual variations are often largely ignored and their causes rarely considered. Hence, our aims were to systematically investigate individual variability in inhibitory control, to replicate the most common causes of individual variation (age, sex and rank) and to determine if these factors had a consistent effect on three main components of inhibitory control (inhibition of a distraction, inhibition of an action, inhibition of a cognitive set). We tested 21 rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) in a battery of validated touchscreen tasks. We first found individual variations in all inhibitory control performances. We then demonstrated that males had poorer performances to inhibit a distraction and that middle-aged individuals exhibited poorer performance in the inhibition of a cognitive set. Hence, the factors of age and sex were not consistently...
Revue de primatologie, 2020
Le projet ManyPrimates, officiellement lancé lors du 27 ème congrès de la Société Internationale ... more Le projet ManyPrimates, officiellement lancé lors du 27 ème congrès de la Société Internationale de Primatologie qui s'est tenu en août 2018 à Nairobi au Kenya, est né de la volonté des chercheurs de répondre à différents problèmes et défis posés par la recherche en cognition des primates. La recherche en cognition et psychologie comparée souffre en effet d'un défaut de vision à grande échelle : la plupart des études portent sur peu d'espèces et peu d'individus (Beach 1950 ; Shettleworth 2010), limitant ainsi les inférences pouvant être faites quant à l'évolution de la cognition (Völter et al. 2018). Pour s'affranchir de ces limites, ManyPrimates propose une collaboration ManyPrimates : une infrastructure de collaboration internationale dans la rec...
NeuroToxicology, 2020
The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is suspected to cause developmental neurotoxi... more The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is suspected to cause developmental neurotoxicity in children leading to long term effects. Developmental exposure of rat pups to CPF at low levels disrupts degradation of the brain endocannabinoids through the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and decreases the reactivity of juvenile rats in an emergence test. In this study, we further investigated the effects of developmental CPF exposure on behavior but also included exposure to PF-04457845, a specific inhibitor of FAAH, for comparison of behavior altered by FAAH inhibition with behavior altered by CPF. Ten day old rat pups were exposed orally either to 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg CPF or 0.02 mg/kg PF-04457845 daily for 7 days. In an open field (day 23), the high CPF and PF-04457845 groups exhibited increased motor activity but no differences in the time spent in the field's center. In an elevated plus maze (day 29), all treatment groups had increased open arm activity but ethological behaviors associated with anxiety were not altered. Behaviors in the maze associated with increased general activity and exploratory drive were increased. Social interactions (day 36) were measured and all treatment groups exhibited increased levels of play behavior. The similarities in behavior between PF-04457845 and CPF suggest that enhanced endocannabinoid signaling during the exposure period plays a role in the persistent alteration of behavior observed following developmental CPF exposure.
Information about the rank calculation (David scores and rank verification)
Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of ev... more Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. In animal studies, striking individual variations are often largely ignored and their causes rarely considered. Hence, our aims were to systematically investigate individual variability in inhibitory control, to replicate the most common causes of individual variation (age, sex and rank) and to determine if these factors had a consistent effect on three main components of inhibitory control (inhibition of a distraction, inhibition of an action, inhibition of a cognitive set). We tested 21 rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) in a battery of validated touchscreen tasks. We first found individual variations in all inhibitory control performances. We then demonstrated that males had poorer performances to inhibit a distraction and that middle-aged individuals exhibited poorer performance in the inhibition of a cognitive set. Hence, the factors of age and sex were...
Touch screen training phases and supplementary results (results of additional LMM and GLMM)
Supplementary materials, DATA, MATLAB and R scripts for "Heterogeneity of performances in se... more Supplementary materials, DATA, MATLAB and R scripts for "Heterogeneity of performances in several inhibitory control tasks: male rhesus macaques are more easily distracted than females". The DATA folder includes all the data sets from the Modified Stroop task, the Go/No-go task and the reversal learning task. The MATLAB folder includes MATLAB scripts for stimuli presentation of the 3 tasks. The R folder includes R scripts used for the statistical analysis of the subject's perforances for the 3 tasks. Supplementary materials 1 (with additional tables) and 2 (with information about rank calculation are provided).
PeerJ, 2022
Inhibitory control, the ability to override an inappropriate prepotent response, is crucial in ma... more Inhibitory control, the ability to override an inappropriate prepotent response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. However, the various paradigms designed to measure inhibitory control often suffer from a lack of systematic validation and have yielded mixed results. Thus the nature of this ability remains unclear, is it a general construct or a family of distinct sub-components? Therefore, the aim of this study was first to demonstrate the content validity and the temporal repeatability of a battery of inhibitory control tasks. Then we wanted to assess the contextual consistency of performances between these tasks to better understand the structure of inhibitory control. We tested 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, 12 males, nine females) in a battery of touchscreen tasks assessing three main components of inhibitory control: inhibition of a distraction (using a Distraction task), inhibition of an impulsive action (using a Go/No-go task) and inhibition of a cognitive set...
Le chlorpyrifos (CPF), pesticide agricole, est suspecte de neurotoxicite chez les enfants. Cet ef... more Le chlorpyrifos (CPF), pesticide agricole, est suspecte de neurotoxicite chez les enfants. Cet effet, observe suite a une exposition developpementale a faible dose reposerait sur l’inhibition de l'hydrolase des amides d'acides gras du systeme des endocanabinoides (FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase). Des rats Sprague-Dawley ont ete exposes, en periode postnatale (PND10 a PND 16) soit au CPF a 0.5, 0,75 et 1 mg/kg/j, soit a un inhibiteur specifique de la FAAH (PF-04457845). Les rats traites avec le CPF ont montre une diminution de l’anxiete et une augmentation des comportements sociaux, comme ceux traites par PF-04457845, suggerant l’implication de la FAAH dans les effets comportementaux du CPF. Les valeurs toxicologiques de reference utilisees pour evaluer les risques sanitaires du CPF devraient prendre pas en compte la sensibilite particuliere pendant le developpement, ce qui permettrait d’assurer une meilleure protection de la sante des enfants.
Royal Society Open Science, 2021
Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of ev... more Inhibitory control, the ability to override a dominant response, is crucial in many aspects of everyday life. In animal studies, striking individual variations are often largely ignored and their causes rarely considered. Hence, our aims were to systematically investigate individual variability in inhibitory control, to replicate the most common causes of individual variation (age, sex and rank) and to determine if these factors had a consistent effect on three main components of inhibitory control (inhibition of a distraction, inhibition of an action, inhibition of a cognitive set). We tested 21 rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) in a battery of validated touchscreen tasks. We first found individual variations in all inhibitory control performances. We then demonstrated that males had poorer performances to inhibit a distraction and that middle-aged individuals exhibited poorer performance in the inhibition of a cognitive set. Hence, the factors of age and sex were not consistently...
Revue de primatologie, 2020
Le projet ManyPrimates, officiellement lancé lors du 27 ème congrès de la Société Internationale ... more Le projet ManyPrimates, officiellement lancé lors du 27 ème congrès de la Société Internationale de Primatologie qui s'est tenu en août 2018 à Nairobi au Kenya, est né de la volonté des chercheurs de répondre à différents problèmes et défis posés par la recherche en cognition des primates. La recherche en cognition et psychologie comparée souffre en effet d'un défaut de vision à grande échelle : la plupart des études portent sur peu d'espèces et peu d'individus (Beach 1950 ; Shettleworth 2010), limitant ainsi les inférences pouvant être faites quant à l'évolution de la cognition (Völter et al. 2018). Pour s'affranchir de ces limites, ManyPrimates propose une collaboration ManyPrimates : une infrastructure de collaboration internationale dans la rec...
NeuroToxicology, 2020
The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is suspected to cause developmental neurotoxi... more The organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is suspected to cause developmental neurotoxicity in children leading to long term effects. Developmental exposure of rat pups to CPF at low levels disrupts degradation of the brain endocannabinoids through the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and decreases the reactivity of juvenile rats in an emergence test. In this study, we further investigated the effects of developmental CPF exposure on behavior but also included exposure to PF-04457845, a specific inhibitor of FAAH, for comparison of behavior altered by FAAH inhibition with behavior altered by CPF. Ten day old rat pups were exposed orally either to 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg CPF or 0.02 mg/kg PF-04457845 daily for 7 days. In an open field (day 23), the high CPF and PF-04457845 groups exhibited increased motor activity but no differences in the time spent in the field's center. In an elevated plus maze (day 29), all treatment groups had increased open arm activity but ethological behaviors associated with anxiety were not altered. Behaviors in the maze associated with increased general activity and exploratory drive were increased. Social interactions (day 36) were measured and all treatment groups exhibited increased levels of play behavior. The similarities in behavior between PF-04457845 and CPF suggest that enhanced endocannabinoid signaling during the exposure period plays a role in the persistent alteration of behavior observed following developmental CPF exposure.