Louise Silvern - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Louise Silvern

Research paper thumbnail of Comprehensive grief care for children and families: Policy and practice implications

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

ince the 1998 publication of the groundbreaking Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study conduct... more ince the 1998 publication of the groundbreaking Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kaiser Permanente, increased research and funding has focused on mitigating experiences that place children at risk for developmental disruption. Surprisingly, the death of a parent, sibling, or other important attachment figure-often noted as one of the most disruptive and potentially traumatic experiences for a child-has received relatively little attention in these efforts. A death of this magnitude has a profound impact on a child as well as on their surrounding family and community. Current systems of care do not adequately resource and provide access to preventive interventions that have the potential to reduce risk and promote wellbeing in youth and families adjusting to life-changing loss. This article explores the current landscape of support for grieving children and families including significant barriers to care and gaps in empirical knowledge. Given the complexity of the issue and the nascent state of the childhood bereavement field, it is fertile ground for social innovations that challenge current norms. An example is given of a model of care that integrates research and practice based knowledge in a community setting, allowing a broader range of individuals to access grief-and trauma-informed care. This whole-family, preventive approach offers a continuum of care that avoids pathologizing or marginalizing common grief responses without minimizing severe or disruptive grief and trauma reactions that warrant intensive intervention. The argument is made for a strengths-based, wellness approach to childhood bereavement that seizes upon opportunities to both promote adaptive adjustment and prevent further complications of unaddressed grief and trauma.

Research paper thumbnail of Judi's house: Integrating research and practice in a community-based bereavement centre for children and families

Judi's House (JH) is a nonprofit bereavement centre providing comprehensive, no-fee services ... more Judi's House (JH) is a nonprofit bereavement centre providing comprehensive, no-fee services for grieving children and families in Denver, Colorado. This paper describes an initiative that JH maintains to integrate clinical practice with longitudinal research, conducted collaboratively with research psychologists from the University of Colorado. One goal of the research is to continuously evaluate and improve the multifaceted services developed at JH, including bereavement groups, individual counselling, and community education, training and outreach. This paper presents illustrative findings that have increased understanding of grief reactions, while inviting discussions between clinicians and researchers working towards improving bereavement programs. Finally, this paper details the development of a collaborative network of practitioners, researchers and community partners intended to increase access to effective grief services, education and resources.

Research paper thumbnail of The traumatized children of violent marriages

Child Welfare, 1989

Over three million children, it is estimated, witness parental violence annually. The clinical ef... more Over three million children, it is estimated, witness parental violence annually. The clinical effects upon many children are characteristic of trauma, with dissociation and defensive protections against recall and resolution that can be pathological. This article presents the case for this assessment and describes the successful treatment of an eight-year-old-boy.

Research paper thumbnail of Children's Sex Roles--Femininity Has the Advantage

Adjustment; *Teacher Attitudes rnwo studies were conducted. The first examined children's assessm... more Adjustment; *Teacher Attitudes rnwo studies were conducted. The first examined children's assessments of the r,ocial desirability of traits which they theffiselves considered to be eithe: male-or fenale-stereotyped. It was found that both boys and girls preferred traits which they attributed to their own sex over traits. which they attributed to the. opposite S9x. These findings were stronger for girls than for boys_ Furthermore, girls judged traits they considered feminine to be more (desirable than'boys judged traits which they (boys) aonsidered to be masculine. It was concluded that:gitls exceeded boys in preferenae for their own sex role. The second study examined tea:her ratings of children whose self-concepts mare or less. reflected masculine vs. feminine normS. Teachers rated.bo.th academic ability and general social adjustiaent, includina_need for Mental health referral; Among boys,.those with Mote masculine self concepts were rated as inferior in al)ustment and academic ability, although IQ was actually unr,-lated to masculinity. Among girls, masculine feminine self-concept was unrelated to teacher ratings. It was concluded that 'boys find themselves in conflict between seX-tole consistency .and \tea._7hecs' expectations. (Author)

Research paper thumbnail of Play Therapy

The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Validity of the Internal-External Scale in Its Relationship with Political Position

Journal of Personality Assessment, 1975

The study was designed to interpret previous reports of a relationship between left wing politica... more The study was designed to interpret previous reports of a relationship between left wing political position and externality on Rotter's (1966) Internal-External (I-E) Scale. I-E items phrased in the first person were associated with a criterion measure of locus of control, and externality on the scale predicted inferior performance in a skill-controlled task. However, political position was related to neither the criterion measure of locus of control nor to successful performance in a skill-controlled task. Thus, there was no evidence that political position was related to locus of control in spite of its relationship with the I-E Scale. There was discussion of implications for the validity of the I-E Scale and for studying relationships between personality and political variables.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of traditional vs. counter-culture attitudes on the relationship between the internal-external scale and political position1

Journal of Personality, 1975

Research paper thumbnail of Masculinity—Femininity in children's self-concepts: The relationship to teachers' judgments of social adjustment and academic ability, classroom behaviors, and popularity

Sex Roles, 1978

This study explored the response of peers and teachers to children who differed in the extent to ... more This study explored the response of peers and teachers to children who differed in the extent to which their self-concepts included traits which children view as masculine or feminine. It was hypothesized that teachers would judge relatively more masculine children to be inferior in (1) academic ability and (2) social adjustment compared to more feminine children, and that these relationships

Research paper thumbnail of Children's sex-role preferences: Stronger among girls than boys

Sex Roles, 1977

... In addition, it was argued that if children's own conceptions of sex roles - rather than... more ... In addition, it was argued that if children's own conceptions of sex roles - rather than an a priori adult definition - were investigated, girls would prefer their conception of femininity more than boys would prefer their conception of masculinity. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Chemosensory Responses to Amino Acids and Certain Amines by the Ciliate Tetrahymena: A Flat Capillary Assay

The Biological Bulletin, 1984

An assay for chemosensory responses by the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is described that uses... more An assay for chemosensory responses by the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is described that uses glass capillaries with a rectangular cross-section (inner dimensions, 20 X 2 X 0.2 mm). These have optical and geometrical pmperties permitting convenient observation of cell behavior within the capillaries. Washed cells, starved for 12 h, accumulated preferentiallyin capifiariescontaining L-methionine, L-leucine, L-cysteine, L-histidine, L-histamine, cimetidine, agmatine, and berenil at concentrations of i03 M or less. They avoided capillaries containing tripelennamine, diphenhydramine, and pentamidine at these concentrations. It is argued that the actual response thresholds are much lower than the concentrations put into the capillaries, since cells respond to the gradient of the diffusing chemical. L-Isoleucine, itself inert, blocked theresponse toL4eucine butnottoL-methionine, L-cysteine, orL-histidine. L-Ethionine and 1-homocysteine caused accumulation but not L-cysteine or DL-cystathionine. L-Cystine did not block the response to L-cysteine. Cells accelerated when entering a capillary where accumulation occurred. On reaching the interior they swam more slowly and uniformly, and with fewer turns or stops than in control capillaries lacking the chemical signal, or when outside of the capillaries. Cells were inhibited from leaving both control and test capillaries, possibly because of accumulated wastes or secretions in the surrounding medium.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictive Value of Early Testing of Auditory Localization for Language Development

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 2008

This pilot study attempted to determine whether atypical localization to voice during the first y... more This pilot study attempted to determine whether atypical localization to voice during the first year of life could be predictive of later delayed language development. 22 children who had been tested at six to nine months of age and found to have normal hearing were retrospectively divided into "atypical' and 'normal' groups. They were then evaluated for language development at four years of age. The atypical group had significantly lower scores on two of the four measures of language competence, but the results must be interpreted with caution because of the small number of children in the study.

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Processing and Person Perception

Social Cognition, 1990

In order to assess alternative theoretical predictions concerning the effects of gender schemas o... more In order to assess alternative theoretical predictions concerning the effects of gender schemas on memory, a paradigm was employed which varied gender trait information about a pictured stimulus. Descriptions given about this person were either discordant (opposite-sex adjectives), concordant (same-sex adjectives), or neutral. The picture of the target person was then presented tachistoscopically, and college student subjects were later asked to choose the previously seen figure from an array of figures that varied in physique traditionality. Categorization of gender schema type was made on the basis of the Personality Attributes Questionnaire. The four categories included: masculine schematics, feminine schematics, androgynous, and undifferentiated individuals. Results indicated that recognition errors were affected jointly by variations in behavioral information and gender schemas but not by either variable alone. Similarity of performance for the four groups was most in accordance with Bern's position ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting emotional concomitants of learned helplessness: The role of motivational orientation

Research paper thumbnail of A hermeneutic account of clinical psychology: Strengths and limits

Philosophical Psychology, 1990

Abstract There have been increasingly popular claims that hermeneutics provides an epistemology t... more Abstract There have been increasingly popular claims that hermeneutics provides an epistemology that is appropriate and sufficient for psychotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and explain those claims. Hermeneutics proves to provide terms that legitimize aspects of clinical expertise that have been most ignored within the traditional empiricist epistemology; namely, hermeneutics articulates and provides standards for therapeutic interpretations about clients’ idiosyncratic intentions and also for using clinical theories that defy empirical test. Nonetheless, hermeneutics also proves to be limited in its account of clinical knowledge. That is, clinicians who advocate hermeneutics have ruled out any legitimate basis on which clinical expertise can be influenced by knowledge about non‐intentional constraints on psychological life. Yet, therapists must use such knowledge, especially that which concerns the non‐intentional constraints imposed by human development. Thus, to realize its potential,...

Research paper thumbnail of An Analysis of the Relationship between Students' Political Position and the Extent to Which They Deviate from Parents' Position

Journal of Social Issues, 1973

Alternative interpretations of the relationship between college students' and parents' political ... more Alternative interpretations of the relationship between college students' and parents' political positions were investigated. As in previous research, parents' and students' political positions were positively correlated. However, present results additionally indicated that left-(compared to right-) wing students were more discrepant from parents' political position, while left-(compared to right-) wing parents were less discrepant from offspring. This was interpreted as reflecting differences between student and parent political position distributions. Results raise doubts about the common hypothesis drawn from the literature that left-wing students are directly socialized and supported by their parents and that family conflict reported by left-wing students reflects certain attributes of their liberal homes rather than objectively greater disagreement. Results also fail to support the "generational conflict" hypothesis that left-wing students are in rebellion against their parents. Instead emphasis is placed on the role of the college zeitgeist in the development of the students' views, and on the interaction of the zeitgeist with family background.

Research paper thumbnail of Social adjustment and politeness in preschoolers

Journal of Communication, 1977

Research paper thumbnail of Men and Women Dealing with Conflict in Heterosexual Relationships

Journal of Social Issues, 1993

Marital therapists and researchers have suggested a tendency toward Pursuit by women and Withdraw... more Marital therapists and researchers have suggested a tendency toward Pursuit by women and Withdrawal by men as an important gender-linked pattern of dealing with marital conflict. The relationships of gender and sex role orientation to behavior in intimate heterosexual relationships were examined in two studies of nondistressed couples. In Study I , 29 couples were examined longitudinally before and after marriage using an observational and self-report design. N o gender diperences in Problem Solving, Intimacy, or Conflict behaviors were observed premaritally, but communication variables seemed in general to be more important for men's satisfaction than for women's. In Study 2, 324 undergraduates were examined cross-sectionally. In this self-report study, stereotypical gender differences, particularly for Withdrawal, were observed. We conclude that gender differences, such as the PursuitlWithdrawal cycle, are a function of gender roles and marital distress rather than gender per se.

Research paper thumbnail of Individual psychotherapy for the traumatized children of abused women

Research paper thumbnail of Gender roles and adjustment in elementary-school children: A multidimensional approach

Sex Roles, 1986

... & Marrache, 1983) reported no adverse relationship of masculinity to either grades or adj... more ... & Marrache, 1983) reported no adverse relationship of masculinity to either grades or adjustment ratings (but some adverse relationships with femininity). The only study that assessed the rela-tionship of gender roles to school adjustment in late elementary school (Silvern, 1978 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Powerlessness, Social‐Political Action, Social‐Political Views: Their Interrelation among College Students1

Journal of social issues, 1971

Silvern, LE and Nakamura, CY (1971), Powerlessness, Social-Political Action, Social-Political Vie... more Silvern, LE and Nakamura, CY (1971), Powerlessness, Social-Political Action, Social-Political Views: Their Interrelation among College Students. Journal of Social Issues, 27: 137–157. doi: 10.1111/j. 1540-4560.1971. tb00682. x

Research paper thumbnail of Comprehensive grief care for children and families: Policy and practice implications

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

ince the 1998 publication of the groundbreaking Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study conduct... more ince the 1998 publication of the groundbreaking Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kaiser Permanente, increased research and funding has focused on mitigating experiences that place children at risk for developmental disruption. Surprisingly, the death of a parent, sibling, or other important attachment figure-often noted as one of the most disruptive and potentially traumatic experiences for a child-has received relatively little attention in these efforts. A death of this magnitude has a profound impact on a child as well as on their surrounding family and community. Current systems of care do not adequately resource and provide access to preventive interventions that have the potential to reduce risk and promote wellbeing in youth and families adjusting to life-changing loss. This article explores the current landscape of support for grieving children and families including significant barriers to care and gaps in empirical knowledge. Given the complexity of the issue and the nascent state of the childhood bereavement field, it is fertile ground for social innovations that challenge current norms. An example is given of a model of care that integrates research and practice based knowledge in a community setting, allowing a broader range of individuals to access grief-and trauma-informed care. This whole-family, preventive approach offers a continuum of care that avoids pathologizing or marginalizing common grief responses without minimizing severe or disruptive grief and trauma reactions that warrant intensive intervention. The argument is made for a strengths-based, wellness approach to childhood bereavement that seizes upon opportunities to both promote adaptive adjustment and prevent further complications of unaddressed grief and trauma.

Research paper thumbnail of Judi's house: Integrating research and practice in a community-based bereavement centre for children and families

Judi's House (JH) is a nonprofit bereavement centre providing comprehensive, no-fee services ... more Judi's House (JH) is a nonprofit bereavement centre providing comprehensive, no-fee services for grieving children and families in Denver, Colorado. This paper describes an initiative that JH maintains to integrate clinical practice with longitudinal research, conducted collaboratively with research psychologists from the University of Colorado. One goal of the research is to continuously evaluate and improve the multifaceted services developed at JH, including bereavement groups, individual counselling, and community education, training and outreach. This paper presents illustrative findings that have increased understanding of grief reactions, while inviting discussions between clinicians and researchers working towards improving bereavement programs. Finally, this paper details the development of a collaborative network of practitioners, researchers and community partners intended to increase access to effective grief services, education and resources.

Research paper thumbnail of The traumatized children of violent marriages

Child Welfare, 1989

Over three million children, it is estimated, witness parental violence annually. The clinical ef... more Over three million children, it is estimated, witness parental violence annually. The clinical effects upon many children are characteristic of trauma, with dissociation and defensive protections against recall and resolution that can be pathological. This article presents the case for this assessment and describes the successful treatment of an eight-year-old-boy.

Research paper thumbnail of Children's Sex Roles--Femininity Has the Advantage

Adjustment; *Teacher Attitudes rnwo studies were conducted. The first examined children's assessm... more Adjustment; *Teacher Attitudes rnwo studies were conducted. The first examined children's assessments of the r,ocial desirability of traits which they theffiselves considered to be eithe: male-or fenale-stereotyped. It was found that both boys and girls preferred traits which they attributed to their own sex over traits. which they attributed to the. opposite S9x. These findings were stronger for girls than for boys_ Furthermore, girls judged traits they considered feminine to be more (desirable than'boys judged traits which they (boys) aonsidered to be masculine. It was concluded that:gitls exceeded boys in preferenae for their own sex role. The second study examined tea:her ratings of children whose self-concepts mare or less. reflected masculine vs. feminine normS. Teachers rated.bo.th academic ability and general social adjustiaent, includina_need for Mental health referral; Among boys,.those with Mote masculine self concepts were rated as inferior in al)ustment and academic ability, although IQ was actually unr,-lated to masculinity. Among girls, masculine feminine self-concept was unrelated to teacher ratings. It was concluded that 'boys find themselves in conflict between seX-tole consistency .and \tea._7hecs' expectations. (Author)

Research paper thumbnail of Play Therapy

The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Validity of the Internal-External Scale in Its Relationship with Political Position

Journal of Personality Assessment, 1975

The study was designed to interpret previous reports of a relationship between left wing politica... more The study was designed to interpret previous reports of a relationship between left wing political position and externality on Rotter's (1966) Internal-External (I-E) Scale. I-E items phrased in the first person were associated with a criterion measure of locus of control, and externality on the scale predicted inferior performance in a skill-controlled task. However, political position was related to neither the criterion measure of locus of control nor to successful performance in a skill-controlled task. Thus, there was no evidence that political position was related to locus of control in spite of its relationship with the I-E Scale. There was discussion of implications for the validity of the I-E Scale and for studying relationships between personality and political variables.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of traditional vs. counter-culture attitudes on the relationship between the internal-external scale and political position1

Journal of Personality, 1975

Research paper thumbnail of Masculinity—Femininity in children's self-concepts: The relationship to teachers' judgments of social adjustment and academic ability, classroom behaviors, and popularity

Sex Roles, 1978

This study explored the response of peers and teachers to children who differed in the extent to ... more This study explored the response of peers and teachers to children who differed in the extent to which their self-concepts included traits which children view as masculine or feminine. It was hypothesized that teachers would judge relatively more masculine children to be inferior in (1) academic ability and (2) social adjustment compared to more feminine children, and that these relationships

Research paper thumbnail of Children's sex-role preferences: Stronger among girls than boys

Sex Roles, 1977

... In addition, it was argued that if children's own conceptions of sex roles - rather than... more ... In addition, it was argued that if children's own conceptions of sex roles - rather than an a priori adult definition - were investigated, girls would prefer their conception of femininity more than boys would prefer their conception of masculinity. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Chemosensory Responses to Amino Acids and Certain Amines by the Ciliate Tetrahymena: A Flat Capillary Assay

The Biological Bulletin, 1984

An assay for chemosensory responses by the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is described that uses... more An assay for chemosensory responses by the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is described that uses glass capillaries with a rectangular cross-section (inner dimensions, 20 X 2 X 0.2 mm). These have optical and geometrical pmperties permitting convenient observation of cell behavior within the capillaries. Washed cells, starved for 12 h, accumulated preferentiallyin capifiariescontaining L-methionine, L-leucine, L-cysteine, L-histidine, L-histamine, cimetidine, agmatine, and berenil at concentrations of i03 M or less. They avoided capillaries containing tripelennamine, diphenhydramine, and pentamidine at these concentrations. It is argued that the actual response thresholds are much lower than the concentrations put into the capillaries, since cells respond to the gradient of the diffusing chemical. L-Isoleucine, itself inert, blocked theresponse toL4eucine butnottoL-methionine, L-cysteine, orL-histidine. L-Ethionine and 1-homocysteine caused accumulation but not L-cysteine or DL-cystathionine. L-Cystine did not block the response to L-cysteine. Cells accelerated when entering a capillary where accumulation occurred. On reaching the interior they swam more slowly and uniformly, and with fewer turns or stops than in control capillaries lacking the chemical signal, or when outside of the capillaries. Cells were inhibited from leaving both control and test capillaries, possibly because of accumulated wastes or secretions in the surrounding medium.

Research paper thumbnail of Predictive Value of Early Testing of Auditory Localization for Language Development

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 2008

This pilot study attempted to determine whether atypical localization to voice during the first y... more This pilot study attempted to determine whether atypical localization to voice during the first year of life could be predictive of later delayed language development. 22 children who had been tested at six to nine months of age and found to have normal hearing were retrospectively divided into "atypical' and 'normal' groups. They were then evaluated for language development at four years of age. The atypical group had significantly lower scores on two of the four measures of language competence, but the results must be interpreted with caution because of the small number of children in the study.

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Processing and Person Perception

Social Cognition, 1990

In order to assess alternative theoretical predictions concerning the effects of gender schemas o... more In order to assess alternative theoretical predictions concerning the effects of gender schemas on memory, a paradigm was employed which varied gender trait information about a pictured stimulus. Descriptions given about this person were either discordant (opposite-sex adjectives), concordant (same-sex adjectives), or neutral. The picture of the target person was then presented tachistoscopically, and college student subjects were later asked to choose the previously seen figure from an array of figures that varied in physique traditionality. Categorization of gender schema type was made on the basis of the Personality Attributes Questionnaire. The four categories included: masculine schematics, feminine schematics, androgynous, and undifferentiated individuals. Results indicated that recognition errors were affected jointly by variations in behavioral information and gender schemas but not by either variable alone. Similarity of performance for the four groups was most in accordance with Bern's position ...

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting emotional concomitants of learned helplessness: The role of motivational orientation

Research paper thumbnail of A hermeneutic account of clinical psychology: Strengths and limits

Philosophical Psychology, 1990

Abstract There have been increasingly popular claims that hermeneutics provides an epistemology t... more Abstract There have been increasingly popular claims that hermeneutics provides an epistemology that is appropriate and sufficient for psychotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and explain those claims. Hermeneutics proves to provide terms that legitimize aspects of clinical expertise that have been most ignored within the traditional empiricist epistemology; namely, hermeneutics articulates and provides standards for therapeutic interpretations about clients’ idiosyncratic intentions and also for using clinical theories that defy empirical test. Nonetheless, hermeneutics also proves to be limited in its account of clinical knowledge. That is, clinicians who advocate hermeneutics have ruled out any legitimate basis on which clinical expertise can be influenced by knowledge about non‐intentional constraints on psychological life. Yet, therapists must use such knowledge, especially that which concerns the non‐intentional constraints imposed by human development. Thus, to realize its potential,...

Research paper thumbnail of An Analysis of the Relationship between Students' Political Position and the Extent to Which They Deviate from Parents' Position

Journal of Social Issues, 1973

Alternative interpretations of the relationship between college students' and parents' political ... more Alternative interpretations of the relationship between college students' and parents' political positions were investigated. As in previous research, parents' and students' political positions were positively correlated. However, present results additionally indicated that left-(compared to right-) wing students were more discrepant from parents' political position, while left-(compared to right-) wing parents were less discrepant from offspring. This was interpreted as reflecting differences between student and parent political position distributions. Results raise doubts about the common hypothesis drawn from the literature that left-wing students are directly socialized and supported by their parents and that family conflict reported by left-wing students reflects certain attributes of their liberal homes rather than objectively greater disagreement. Results also fail to support the "generational conflict" hypothesis that left-wing students are in rebellion against their parents. Instead emphasis is placed on the role of the college zeitgeist in the development of the students' views, and on the interaction of the zeitgeist with family background.

Research paper thumbnail of Social adjustment and politeness in preschoolers

Journal of Communication, 1977

Research paper thumbnail of Men and Women Dealing with Conflict in Heterosexual Relationships

Journal of Social Issues, 1993

Marital therapists and researchers have suggested a tendency toward Pursuit by women and Withdraw... more Marital therapists and researchers have suggested a tendency toward Pursuit by women and Withdrawal by men as an important gender-linked pattern of dealing with marital conflict. The relationships of gender and sex role orientation to behavior in intimate heterosexual relationships were examined in two studies of nondistressed couples. In Study I , 29 couples were examined longitudinally before and after marriage using an observational and self-report design. N o gender diperences in Problem Solving, Intimacy, or Conflict behaviors were observed premaritally, but communication variables seemed in general to be more important for men's satisfaction than for women's. In Study 2, 324 undergraduates were examined cross-sectionally. In this self-report study, stereotypical gender differences, particularly for Withdrawal, were observed. We conclude that gender differences, such as the PursuitlWithdrawal cycle, are a function of gender roles and marital distress rather than gender per se.

Research paper thumbnail of Individual psychotherapy for the traumatized children of abused women

Research paper thumbnail of Gender roles and adjustment in elementary-school children: A multidimensional approach

Sex Roles, 1986

... & Marrache, 1983) reported no adverse relationship of masculinity to either grades or adj... more ... & Marrache, 1983) reported no adverse relationship of masculinity to either grades or adjustment ratings (but some adverse relationships with femininity). The only study that assessed the rela-tionship of gender roles to school adjustment in late elementary school (Silvern, 1978 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Powerlessness, Social‐Political Action, Social‐Political Views: Their Interrelation among College Students1

Journal of social issues, 1971

Silvern, LE and Nakamura, CY (1971), Powerlessness, Social-Political Action, Social-Political Vie... more Silvern, LE and Nakamura, CY (1971), Powerlessness, Social-Political Action, Social-Political Views: Their Interrelation among College Students. Journal of Social Issues, 27: 137–157. doi: 10.1111/j. 1540-4560.1971. tb00682. x