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Papers by Louis-gilles Durand
Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, Apr 14, 2006
Demonstrates the feasibility of an adaptive time-frequency analysis, the matching pursuit method,... more Demonstrates the feasibility of an adaptive time-frequency analysis, the matching pursuit method, to detect each cardiac cycle of the phonocardiogram (PCG). The proposed new method combines a global search of the PCG in terms of energy distribution of the most important components with a local search according to the specific events found within a cardiac cycle. In the PCG recordings of twenty five patients, a detection rate of 96% was achieved. By eliminating the need for the recording of the electrocardiogram as the time-reference signal, this method reduces hardware and software overheads when analysis of PCG signals is primarily aimed. It is believed that, with minor modifications, this method can also be applied to extract different events of the PCG within a cardiac cycle. Furthermore, the procedure described in this paper can be applied to other kind of biomedical signals in order to extract coherent structures and identify specific events.
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, May 1, 1992
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Sep 1, 1997
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, May 1, 1993
The normality (Gaussian property) and stationarity of the cardiac Doppler blood-flow signal were ... more The normality (Gaussian property) and stationarity of the cardiac Doppler blood-flow signal were evaluated on short-time segments distributed over the cardiac cycle. The basic approaches used to perform statistical tests on the nonstationary and quasiperiodic cardiac Doppler signal are presented. The results obtained from the data of ten patients having a normal aortic valve and ten patients having a stenotic
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, May 1, 1999
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, May 1, 1993
The diagnostic performance of two spectral techniques (the fast Fourier transform, FFT, and autor... more The diagnostic performance of two spectral techniques (the fast Fourier transform, FFT, and autoregressive modelling, ARM) combined with four windowing functions (rectangular, Hanning, Hamming, and sine-cosine) and two classifiers (Bayes and nearest neighbour) to detect valvular degeneration was evaluated in a group of 95 patients. Forty-seven patients had a porcine bioprosthetic valve inserted in the aortic position and 48 patients had a porcine bioprosthetic valve inserted in the mitral position. Among the aortic valves, 24 were normal and 23 were degenerated whereas among the mitral valves, 19 were normal and 29 were degenerated. The aortic and mitral valves were analysed separately. For each type of valve, 21 features were extracted from the spectra of the valve closure sounds to train and test the performance of four pattern recognition systems by using the leave-one-out method. The discriminant properties of all feature combinations between two and five among the 21 features selected were evaluated. Results show that the FFT combined to the nearest neighbour classifier provided the best performances: 87 per cent of correct classifications (CCs) for aortic valves when using the Hanning or the Hamming window and 94 per cent of CCs for mitral valves when using the rectangular window. The best performances obtained with the ARM were 81 per cent of CCs for the aortic valves (nearest neighbour classifier and the Hanning or the Hamming window) and 92 per cent of CCs for the mitral valves (nearest neighbour classifier and the Hamming window or the Bayes classifier and the Hanning or the Hamming window).
Journal of Applied Physiology, Oct 1, 2002
Journal of Vascular Surgery, Apr 1, 1994
The performances of two pattern recognition methods for detecting and quantifying valvular degene... more The performances of two pattern recognition methods for detecting and quantifying valvular degeneration by spectral analysis of the first heart sound were evaluated in 48 patients with a porcine valve in the mitral position. Twenty patients had normal valves, 13 had lightly calcified valves, and 15 had heavily calcified valves. The pattern recognition methods were designed to classify the valve
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Mar 1, 1992
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 1995
Parameters extracted from normalized spectrograms obtained by using the apical and left parastern... more Parameters extracted from normalized spectrograms obtained by using the apical and left parasternal windows have been investigated to characterize the blood flow disturbance below the aortic valve. The parameters proposed are based on the characterization of spectral broadening and on the evaluation of the power of the spectrograms in various frequency bands. Values for both normal and stenotic aortic valves
Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1988
In the course of exploring the potential of spectral analysis of valve closing sounds for the det... more In the course of exploring the potential of spectral analysis of valve closing sounds for the detection of valvular degeneration, a method was developed for determining, in a dog, the influence of PR interval (PRI) and heart rate (HR) on the spectra of intracardiac and thoracic first and second heart sounds. Preliminary results emphasize the strong dependence of the first
Journal of clinical engineering, Oct 1, 1985
ABSTRACT The application of numerical methods to the analysis of phonopneumograms is presented in... more ABSTRACT The application of numerical methods to the analysis of phonopneumograms is presented in this paper. The respiratory sounds, along with a synchronization signal indicating the duration of each event of the respiratory cycle, are recorded on magnetic tape by means of a portable cassette recorder. Subsequently, the two signals are digitized and processed on a microcomputer-based system. It is shown that synchronized Fourier analysis for spectral estimation, as well as Karhunen-Loeve transform for classification of spectra according to the pulmonary condition of the subjects, could provide information leading to a more objective evaluation of the lung condition from the respiratory sounds. (C)1985Aspen Publishers, Inc.
A signal processing method is proposed to recover intracardiac hcart sounds iroin externally reco... more A signal processing method is proposed to recover intracardiac hcart sounds iroin externally recorded phoiiocardiogranis (PCC;). The method uses a general model of sound transmission between the heart and the surface of the thorax, and it is based on deconvolution schemes in speech processing and seismology. An algorithm has been tested in recovering the left veiitriculas secoiid heart sound using
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Nov 1, 1997
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Sep 1, 1990
A surgical protocol was designed to implant, in seven dogs, a programmable sequential atrioventri... more A surgical protocol was designed to implant, in seven dogs, a programmable sequential atrioventricular pacemaker after destruction of the bundle of His to produce a chronic heart block. The heart rate and P-R interval were then varied independently and their influence on the spectra and acoustic transmission of the mitral M1 and aortic A2 valve closure sounds was studied. Results indicate that the major effects of varying the P-R interval are a strong change in the intensity of M1 and modifications of its acoustic transmission across the heart/thorax acoustic system. No similar influence is observed on the intensity and acoustic transmission of A2. Varying the heart rate has a small effect of the intensity of M1 but none on the intensity of A2. In addition, changes in either the P-R interval or the heart rate do not seem to modify the spectral profile of the intracardiac and thoracic M1 and A2 components.
Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, Apr 14, 2006
Demonstrates the feasibility of an adaptive time-frequency analysis, the matching pursuit method,... more Demonstrates the feasibility of an adaptive time-frequency analysis, the matching pursuit method, to detect each cardiac cycle of the phonocardiogram (PCG). The proposed new method combines a global search of the PCG in terms of energy distribution of the most important components with a local search according to the specific events found within a cardiac cycle. In the PCG recordings of twenty five patients, a detection rate of 96% was achieved. By eliminating the need for the recording of the electrocardiogram as the time-reference signal, this method reduces hardware and software overheads when analysis of PCG signals is primarily aimed. It is believed that, with minor modifications, this method can also be applied to extract different events of the PCG within a cardiac cycle. Furthermore, the procedure described in this paper can be applied to other kind of biomedical signals in order to extract coherent structures and identify specific events.
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, May 1, 1992
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Sep 1, 1997
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, May 1, 1993
The normality (Gaussian property) and stationarity of the cardiac Doppler blood-flow signal were ... more The normality (Gaussian property) and stationarity of the cardiac Doppler blood-flow signal were evaluated on short-time segments distributed over the cardiac cycle. The basic approaches used to perform statistical tests on the nonstationary and quasiperiodic cardiac Doppler signal are presented. The results obtained from the data of ten patients having a normal aortic valve and ten patients having a stenotic
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, May 1, 1999
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, May 1, 1993
The diagnostic performance of two spectral techniques (the fast Fourier transform, FFT, and autor... more The diagnostic performance of two spectral techniques (the fast Fourier transform, FFT, and autoregressive modelling, ARM) combined with four windowing functions (rectangular, Hanning, Hamming, and sine-cosine) and two classifiers (Bayes and nearest neighbour) to detect valvular degeneration was evaluated in a group of 95 patients. Forty-seven patients had a porcine bioprosthetic valve inserted in the aortic position and 48 patients had a porcine bioprosthetic valve inserted in the mitral position. Among the aortic valves, 24 were normal and 23 were degenerated whereas among the mitral valves, 19 were normal and 29 were degenerated. The aortic and mitral valves were analysed separately. For each type of valve, 21 features were extracted from the spectra of the valve closure sounds to train and test the performance of four pattern recognition systems by using the leave-one-out method. The discriminant properties of all feature combinations between two and five among the 21 features selected were evaluated. Results show that the FFT combined to the nearest neighbour classifier provided the best performances: 87 per cent of correct classifications (CCs) for aortic valves when using the Hanning or the Hamming window and 94 per cent of CCs for mitral valves when using the rectangular window. The best performances obtained with the ARM were 81 per cent of CCs for the aortic valves (nearest neighbour classifier and the Hanning or the Hamming window) and 92 per cent of CCs for the mitral valves (nearest neighbour classifier and the Hamming window or the Bayes classifier and the Hanning or the Hamming window).
Journal of Applied Physiology, Oct 1, 2002
Journal of Vascular Surgery, Apr 1, 1994
The performances of two pattern recognition methods for detecting and quantifying valvular degene... more The performances of two pattern recognition methods for detecting and quantifying valvular degeneration by spectral analysis of the first heart sound were evaluated in 48 patients with a porcine valve in the mitral position. Twenty patients had normal valves, 13 had lightly calcified valves, and 15 had heavily calcified valves. The pattern recognition methods were designed to classify the valve
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Mar 1, 1992
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 1995
Parameters extracted from normalized spectrograms obtained by using the apical and left parastern... more Parameters extracted from normalized spectrograms obtained by using the apical and left parasternal windows have been investigated to characterize the blood flow disturbance below the aortic valve. The parameters proposed are based on the characterization of spectral broadening and on the evaluation of the power of the spectrograms in various frequency bands. Values for both normal and stenotic aortic valves
Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1988
In the course of exploring the potential of spectral analysis of valve closing sounds for the det... more In the course of exploring the potential of spectral analysis of valve closing sounds for the detection of valvular degeneration, a method was developed for determining, in a dog, the influence of PR interval (PRI) and heart rate (HR) on the spectra of intracardiac and thoracic first and second heart sounds. Preliminary results emphasize the strong dependence of the first
Journal of clinical engineering, Oct 1, 1985
ABSTRACT The application of numerical methods to the analysis of phonopneumograms is presented in... more ABSTRACT The application of numerical methods to the analysis of phonopneumograms is presented in this paper. The respiratory sounds, along with a synchronization signal indicating the duration of each event of the respiratory cycle, are recorded on magnetic tape by means of a portable cassette recorder. Subsequently, the two signals are digitized and processed on a microcomputer-based system. It is shown that synchronized Fourier analysis for spectral estimation, as well as Karhunen-Loeve transform for classification of spectra according to the pulmonary condition of the subjects, could provide information leading to a more objective evaluation of the lung condition from the respiratory sounds. (C)1985Aspen Publishers, Inc.
A signal processing method is proposed to recover intracardiac hcart sounds iroin externally reco... more A signal processing method is proposed to recover intracardiac hcart sounds iroin externally recorded phoiiocardiogranis (PCC;). The method uses a general model of sound transmission between the heart and the surface of the thorax, and it is based on deconvolution schemes in speech processing and seismology. An algorithm has been tested in recovering the left veiitriculas secoiid heart sound using
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Nov 1, 1997
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Sep 1, 1990
A surgical protocol was designed to implant, in seven dogs, a programmable sequential atrioventri... more A surgical protocol was designed to implant, in seven dogs, a programmable sequential atrioventricular pacemaker after destruction of the bundle of His to produce a chronic heart block. The heart rate and P-R interval were then varied independently and their influence on the spectra and acoustic transmission of the mitral M1 and aortic A2 valve closure sounds was studied. Results indicate that the major effects of varying the P-R interval are a strong change in the intensity of M1 and modifications of its acoustic transmission across the heart/thorax acoustic system. No similar influence is observed on the intensity and acoustic transmission of A2. Varying the heart rate has a small effect of the intensity of M1 but none on the intensity of A2. In addition, changes in either the P-R interval or the heart rate do not seem to modify the spectral profile of the intracardiac and thoracic M1 and A2 components.