Ľubor Košťál - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ľubor Košťál
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1996
Behavioural adaptation of adult Japanese quail to the repeated short term microgravity induced by... more Behavioural adaptation of adult Japanese quail to the repeated short term microgravity induced by parabolic flights was studied. Two lines of quail-the line genetically selected for resistance to hypodynamy and the randombred control line-were compared. Birds were subjected to the series of five flights repeated in 24-hour intervals. During each flight the state of micro gravity lasting 15 to 20 seconds was induced 11 times. Differences in behaviour between lines as well as between sexes were analysed. Adult Japanese quail adapted relatively quickly to the short-term microgravity. The adaptation process seemed to be strongly influenced by the genetic background and sex.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Mar 28, 2009
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jul 17, 2014
International audienc
British Poultry Science, May 1, 2008
Animal Science Papers and Reports. Supplement, 2005
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Mar 1, 2010
Social Science Research Network, 2023
Journal of Thermal Biology, Feb 1, 2023
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1993
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, May 1, 2021
Abstract Feather pecking represents a serious problem in the poultry industry that can negatively... more Abstract Feather pecking represents a serious problem in the poultry industry that can negatively affect production as well as the welfare of laying hens. Although feather pecking has been studied from many different angles, there are only a few studies of the relationship between feather pecking and cognition. This study aims to compare the cognitive performance of hens from the high feather pecking (HFP) and the low feather pecking (LFP) lines in a visual discrimination (Go/No-Go) task and to study their decision making under ambiguity using the judgment bias test. Twenty HFP and 20 LFP hens were trained in a visual discrimination task to approach a coloured feeder (white for half of the hens and black for the other half) containing a reward (one mealworm) and to refrain from approaching a feeder with a different colour (colour opposite to positive, i.e. black or white) to avoid punishment (water spraying). During the subsequent judgment bias tests hens were tested in the presence of the positive, negative or ambiguous stimulus (grey coloured feeder), always one type of stimulus at a time. The latencies to reach each of the stimuli were recorded. At the end of the visual discrimination training phase, 36 out of 40 hens successfully discriminated the positive and the negative coloured feeder. There was a slower association of the coloured feeder with the reward in the HFP line and HFP hens did not suppress the response to the negative stimulus as effective as HFP hens, which could be a sign of their high motor impulsiveness. However, in the judgment bias test HFP hens approached the ambiguous feeder significantly faster than LFP hens (HFP 13.59 ± 1.11 s, LFP 16.68 ± 1.10 s, P
Pharmacological Reports, Dec 1, 2019
Affective biases are known to be influenced by emotional state. Recent studies suggest that negat... more Affective biases are known to be influenced by emotional state. Recent studies suggest that negative affective biases in memory and decision-making contribute to the cause, perpetuation and treatment of mood disorders in humans. Similar affective biases have been observed after pharmacological and social manipulations of the affective state in non-human animals, in rats. It is suggested that changes in circulating hormone levels, especially gonadal hormones influence emotional behaviour and memory. The affective bias test (ABT) is a rodent assay translated from clinical observations in patients with mood disorders and evidence that they experience impairments in reward-related learning and memory. It is a bowl digging task that uses a within-subject study design where animals learn to associate different digging substrates, encountered on different days, with the same value rewarding outcome (food reward pellet) under control/vehicle conditions or following manipulation/treatment. Choice bias is measured, by presenting the two previously reinforced digging substrates at the same time and biases are observed as an increase or decrease in relative value associated to each experience. Data obtained from ABT have shown that affective biases are observed following acute treatments with a range of conventional antidepressants eg. fluoxetine, venlafaxine; pro-depressants eg. rimonabant, retinoic acid; gonadal hormones and their antagonists, and manipulations eg. restraint stress, social play. Our experimental data also support recent findings that hormones play a role in formation of the affective biases in rats. The task exhibits good predictive and translational validity. The ABT has a medium to large effect sizes across different rodent strains and is effective in males and females.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1996
Journal of Animal Science, Aug 1, 2020
In human psychology, the link between cognition and emotions is broadly accepted. However, the id... more In human psychology, the link between cognition and emotions is broadly accepted. However, the idea of using the interaction between cognition and emotions as a tool for a better understanding of animal emotions or for welfare assessment is relatively new. The first avian species used in cognitive bias tests was the European starling followed by the domestic chicken and other species. The most frequently used paradigm is the affect-induced judgment bias. There are many variations of the judgment bias tests in birds. The test itself is preceded by discrimination training. Discrimination tasks vary from visual cue discrimination, discrimination of time intervals to spatial location discrimination. During the discrimination training, birds flip or do not flip the lids of the food dishes, and their latency to approach the cues in a straight alley maze, in a two-choice arena, or different locations in spatial judgment task arena are measured. Alternately, the birds fulfill operant tasks in a Skinner box. Before or after the discrimination training phase, birds are subjected to manipulations that are hypothesized to induce positive or negative emotional states. In the last stage, birds are subjected to judgment bias tests. The assumption is that animals in a negative affective state would more likely respond to ambiguous cues, as if they predict the negative event, than animals in a more positive state. However, the results of some avian studies are inconsistent, particularly those studying the effect of environmental enrichment. In starlings, each of the three studies has supplied conflicting results. In poultry, none of the four studies demonstrated a positive effect of environmental enrichment on emotional states. Only the study using unpredictable stressors in combination with environmental complexity showed that animals kept in a more complex environment are more optimistic. Manipulation of the social environment seems to be more effective in judgment bias induction. Conflicting results could be attributable to the design of the tests, the manner of affect induction, or the data analysis. Further optimization and validation of avian cognitive bias tests could help to avoid problems such as the loss of ambiguity. New methods of attention and memory bias testing are promising. However, regardless of the abovementioned complications, a cognitive bias paradigm is a valuable tool, which can help us better understand avian emotions and assess poultry welfare.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1992
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 1996
In two experiments, 24 immature female broiler breeder fowls housed in two 12-cage battery units ... more In two experiments, 24 immature female broiler breeder fowls housed in two 12-cage battery units in identical rooms received a single daily ration which they ate in 10 min, according to a programme of food restriction. From regular 15-min videorecordings, measurements were made of times spent in mutually exclusive activities (sitting, standing, head out, pacing, preening, object pecking, drinker activity). In Experiment 1, feeding time was 09.00 h in one room and 13.00 h in the other, and all birds were videorecorded in every hour of the (14-h) photoperiod on two alternate days. Differences in behaviour before and after feeding were independent of feeding time. In both rooms, head out and pacing increased before feeding, and object pecking and drinker activity (oral stereotypies) commenced immediately afterwards and then declined. Individual variation in the oral stereotypies was significant, and individuals' mean levels of both stereotypies together were consistent on the two days, but their hourly patterns were less so. Experiment 2 tested the notion of homeostatic control of oral stereotypies, by feeding all birds at 09.00 h and measuring their responses to removal of drinkers and empty feeders (main targets of the stereotypies) for either 0, 1.5 or 3 h before 15.00 h. Each cage tier received each treatment once, over three alternate days when all birds were recorded on video between 12.00 and 18.00 h (lights ofQ. During removal of feeders and drinkers, partial suppression of object pecking and total suppression of drinker activity were balanced by corresponding increases in sitting, head out and preening. After the return of feeders and drinkers, preening declined and both stereotypies showed evidence of post-inhibitory rebound, but there was no difference between 1.5 and 3 h removal treatments. The results concur with earlier evidence indicating that preening can substitute with oral stereotypies, and it is suggested they may demonstrate homeostasis in total (substitutable) oral activity over the whole test. Conceivably, homeostasis of arousal may underlie changes in broiler breeder behaviour before and after feeding time.
Pharmacological Reports, Dec 1, 2019
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, Apr 1, 1996
KOSTAL, L. AND C. J. SAVORY. Behavioral responses of restricted-fed fowls to pharmacological mani... more KOSTAL, L. AND C. J. SAVORY. Behavioral responses of restricted-fed fowls to pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT and GABA receptor subtypes. PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 53(4) 995-1004, 19%.-Effects on environmentally induced oral stereotypies (object pecking and drinker-directed activity) and other behavior (sitting, standing, pacing, preening), of preferential antagonists and agonists of central S-HT and GABA receptor subtypes, were examined in individually caged broiler breeder fowls subjected to chronic food restriction. All drugs were injected intravenously at three doses, and their effects compared with a saline control treatment. The only significant (p < 0.05) effect of 5-HT antagonists [NAN-190 (5-HT,,), ketanserin (5-HTZ), MDL-72222 (5-HT,)] was an increase in pacing with ketanserin (0.8 mg/kg). With 5-HT agonists, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT,,) suppressed the two oral stereotypies and increased standing (all 1 .O mg/kg) and preening (0.2 mg/kg), cY-methylserotonin (5-HT2) suppressed the oral stereotypies and increased sitting (all 1.0 mg/kg), and m-CPBG (5-HT,) suppressed drinker-directed activity (1.0 mg/kg). The GABA antagonists (bicuculline (GABA,), 5-aminovaleric acid (GABAB) had no effect, and of the GABA agonists [muscimol (GABA,), baclofen (GABA,)], muscimol suppressed preening and increased sitting, standing (all 1 .O mg/kg), and pacing (0.2 mg/kg). Most of the significant effects of serotonergic and GABAergic agents on behavior here appeared to reflect at least some degree of sedation, and there was no real evidence of any specific influence of these compounds on the oral stereotypies within the range of doses tested. 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin) GABA (y-aminobutyric acid) Receptor subtypes Antagonists Agonists Behavior Oral stereotypies Food restriction Fowls
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1996
Behavioural adaptation of adult Japanese quail to the repeated short term microgravity induced by... more Behavioural adaptation of adult Japanese quail to the repeated short term microgravity induced by parabolic flights was studied. Two lines of quail-the line genetically selected for resistance to hypodynamy and the randombred control line-were compared. Birds were subjected to the series of five flights repeated in 24-hour intervals. During each flight the state of micro gravity lasting 15 to 20 seconds was induced 11 times. Differences in behaviour between lines as well as between sexes were analysed. Adult Japanese quail adapted relatively quickly to the short-term microgravity. The adaptation process seemed to be strongly influenced by the genetic background and sex.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Mar 28, 2009
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jul 17, 2014
International audienc
British Poultry Science, May 1, 2008
Animal Science Papers and Reports. Supplement, 2005
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Mar 1, 2010
Social Science Research Network, 2023
Journal of Thermal Biology, Feb 1, 2023
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1993
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, May 1, 2021
Abstract Feather pecking represents a serious problem in the poultry industry that can negatively... more Abstract Feather pecking represents a serious problem in the poultry industry that can negatively affect production as well as the welfare of laying hens. Although feather pecking has been studied from many different angles, there are only a few studies of the relationship between feather pecking and cognition. This study aims to compare the cognitive performance of hens from the high feather pecking (HFP) and the low feather pecking (LFP) lines in a visual discrimination (Go/No-Go) task and to study their decision making under ambiguity using the judgment bias test. Twenty HFP and 20 LFP hens were trained in a visual discrimination task to approach a coloured feeder (white for half of the hens and black for the other half) containing a reward (one mealworm) and to refrain from approaching a feeder with a different colour (colour opposite to positive, i.e. black or white) to avoid punishment (water spraying). During the subsequent judgment bias tests hens were tested in the presence of the positive, negative or ambiguous stimulus (grey coloured feeder), always one type of stimulus at a time. The latencies to reach each of the stimuli were recorded. At the end of the visual discrimination training phase, 36 out of 40 hens successfully discriminated the positive and the negative coloured feeder. There was a slower association of the coloured feeder with the reward in the HFP line and HFP hens did not suppress the response to the negative stimulus as effective as HFP hens, which could be a sign of their high motor impulsiveness. However, in the judgment bias test HFP hens approached the ambiguous feeder significantly faster than LFP hens (HFP 13.59 ± 1.11 s, LFP 16.68 ± 1.10 s, P
Pharmacological Reports, Dec 1, 2019
Affective biases are known to be influenced by emotional state. Recent studies suggest that negat... more Affective biases are known to be influenced by emotional state. Recent studies suggest that negative affective biases in memory and decision-making contribute to the cause, perpetuation and treatment of mood disorders in humans. Similar affective biases have been observed after pharmacological and social manipulations of the affective state in non-human animals, in rats. It is suggested that changes in circulating hormone levels, especially gonadal hormones influence emotional behaviour and memory. The affective bias test (ABT) is a rodent assay translated from clinical observations in patients with mood disorders and evidence that they experience impairments in reward-related learning and memory. It is a bowl digging task that uses a within-subject study design where animals learn to associate different digging substrates, encountered on different days, with the same value rewarding outcome (food reward pellet) under control/vehicle conditions or following manipulation/treatment. Choice bias is measured, by presenting the two previously reinforced digging substrates at the same time and biases are observed as an increase or decrease in relative value associated to each experience. Data obtained from ABT have shown that affective biases are observed following acute treatments with a range of conventional antidepressants eg. fluoxetine, venlafaxine; pro-depressants eg. rimonabant, retinoic acid; gonadal hormones and their antagonists, and manipulations eg. restraint stress, social play. Our experimental data also support recent findings that hormones play a role in formation of the affective biases in rats. The task exhibits good predictive and translational validity. The ABT has a medium to large effect sizes across different rodent strains and is effective in males and females.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1996
Journal of Animal Science, Aug 1, 2020
In human psychology, the link between cognition and emotions is broadly accepted. However, the id... more In human psychology, the link between cognition and emotions is broadly accepted. However, the idea of using the interaction between cognition and emotions as a tool for a better understanding of animal emotions or for welfare assessment is relatively new. The first avian species used in cognitive bias tests was the European starling followed by the domestic chicken and other species. The most frequently used paradigm is the affect-induced judgment bias. There are many variations of the judgment bias tests in birds. The test itself is preceded by discrimination training. Discrimination tasks vary from visual cue discrimination, discrimination of time intervals to spatial location discrimination. During the discrimination training, birds flip or do not flip the lids of the food dishes, and their latency to approach the cues in a straight alley maze, in a two-choice arena, or different locations in spatial judgment task arena are measured. Alternately, the birds fulfill operant tasks in a Skinner box. Before or after the discrimination training phase, birds are subjected to manipulations that are hypothesized to induce positive or negative emotional states. In the last stage, birds are subjected to judgment bias tests. The assumption is that animals in a negative affective state would more likely respond to ambiguous cues, as if they predict the negative event, than animals in a more positive state. However, the results of some avian studies are inconsistent, particularly those studying the effect of environmental enrichment. In starlings, each of the three studies has supplied conflicting results. In poultry, none of the four studies demonstrated a positive effect of environmental enrichment on emotional states. Only the study using unpredictable stressors in combination with environmental complexity showed that animals kept in a more complex environment are more optimistic. Manipulation of the social environment seems to be more effective in judgment bias induction. Conflicting results could be attributable to the design of the tests, the manner of affect induction, or the data analysis. Further optimization and validation of avian cognitive bias tests could help to avoid problems such as the loss of ambiguity. New methods of attention and memory bias testing are promising. However, regardless of the abovementioned complications, a cognitive bias paradigm is a valuable tool, which can help us better understand avian emotions and assess poultry welfare.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 1992
International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 1996
In two experiments, 24 immature female broiler breeder fowls housed in two 12-cage battery units ... more In two experiments, 24 immature female broiler breeder fowls housed in two 12-cage battery units in identical rooms received a single daily ration which they ate in 10 min, according to a programme of food restriction. From regular 15-min videorecordings, measurements were made of times spent in mutually exclusive activities (sitting, standing, head out, pacing, preening, object pecking, drinker activity). In Experiment 1, feeding time was 09.00 h in one room and 13.00 h in the other, and all birds were videorecorded in every hour of the (14-h) photoperiod on two alternate days. Differences in behaviour before and after feeding were independent of feeding time. In both rooms, head out and pacing increased before feeding, and object pecking and drinker activity (oral stereotypies) commenced immediately afterwards and then declined. Individual variation in the oral stereotypies was significant, and individuals' mean levels of both stereotypies together were consistent on the two days, but their hourly patterns were less so. Experiment 2 tested the notion of homeostatic control of oral stereotypies, by feeding all birds at 09.00 h and measuring their responses to removal of drinkers and empty feeders (main targets of the stereotypies) for either 0, 1.5 or 3 h before 15.00 h. Each cage tier received each treatment once, over three alternate days when all birds were recorded on video between 12.00 and 18.00 h (lights ofQ. During removal of feeders and drinkers, partial suppression of object pecking and total suppression of drinker activity were balanced by corresponding increases in sitting, head out and preening. After the return of feeders and drinkers, preening declined and both stereotypies showed evidence of post-inhibitory rebound, but there was no difference between 1.5 and 3 h removal treatments. The results concur with earlier evidence indicating that preening can substitute with oral stereotypies, and it is suggested they may demonstrate homeostasis in total (substitutable) oral activity over the whole test. Conceivably, homeostasis of arousal may underlie changes in broiler breeder behaviour before and after feeding time.
Pharmacological Reports, Dec 1, 2019
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, Apr 1, 1996
KOSTAL, L. AND C. J. SAVORY. Behavioral responses of restricted-fed fowls to pharmacological mani... more KOSTAL, L. AND C. J. SAVORY. Behavioral responses of restricted-fed fowls to pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT and GABA receptor subtypes. PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 53(4) 995-1004, 19%.-Effects on environmentally induced oral stereotypies (object pecking and drinker-directed activity) and other behavior (sitting, standing, pacing, preening), of preferential antagonists and agonists of central S-HT and GABA receptor subtypes, were examined in individually caged broiler breeder fowls subjected to chronic food restriction. All drugs were injected intravenously at three doses, and their effects compared with a saline control treatment. The only significant (p < 0.05) effect of 5-HT antagonists [NAN-190 (5-HT,,), ketanserin (5-HTZ), MDL-72222 (5-HT,)] was an increase in pacing with ketanserin (0.8 mg/kg). With 5-HT agonists, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT,,) suppressed the two oral stereotypies and increased standing (all 1 .O mg/kg) and preening (0.2 mg/kg), cY-methylserotonin (5-HT2) suppressed the oral stereotypies and increased sitting (all 1.0 mg/kg), and m-CPBG (5-HT,) suppressed drinker-directed activity (1.0 mg/kg). The GABA antagonists (bicuculline (GABA,), 5-aminovaleric acid (GABAB) had no effect, and of the GABA agonists [muscimol (GABA,), baclofen (GABA,)], muscimol suppressed preening and increased sitting, standing (all 1 .O mg/kg), and pacing (0.2 mg/kg). Most of the significant effects of serotonergic and GABAergic agents on behavior here appeared to reflect at least some degree of sedation, and there was no real evidence of any specific influence of these compounds on the oral stereotypies within the range of doses tested. 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin) GABA (y-aminobutyric acid) Receptor subtypes Antagonists Agonists Behavior Oral stereotypies Food restriction Fowls