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Journal articles by Luca Salvatici
Papers by Luca Salvatici
QA Rivista dell’Associazione Rossi-Doria, 2000
Dopo Seattle: l’agricoltura nell’agenda dei negoziati commerciali del Wto (di Fabrizio De Filippi... more Dopo Seattle: l’agricoltura nell’agenda dei negoziati commerciali del Wto (di Fabrizio De Filippis, Luca Selvatici) - ABSTRACT: Gli eventi relativi alla terza Conferenza ministeriale del Wto tenutasi a Seattle dal 30 novembre al 3 dicembre 1999 hanno innescato un dibattito che fara da sfondo alle future trattative commerciali di cui, almeno per il momento, l’agricoltura rappresenta uno dei pochi punti sicuramente in agenda. L’articolo, dopo aver introdotto la genesi storica e la natura istituzionale del Wto, analizza le ragioni che sono alla base del fallimento della Conferenza di Seattle distinguendo fra elementi di natura congiunturale e problemi di fondo. Nella seconda parte vengono presentati i temi maggiormente rilevanti per la futura trattativa agricola a partire dai contenuti dell’Accordo sottoscritto nel 1994 al termine dell’Uruguay Round: accesso ai mercati, riduzione dei sussidi all’esportazione e riduzione del sostegno interno. Infine vengono discusse tutta una serie di tematiche piu generali - come l’uso protezionistico degli standard di processo e/o di prodotto, le distorsioni della concorrenza sui mercati internazionali, la tutela dei diritti di proprieta intellettuali e meccanismi per la soluzione delle dispute - che, a prescindere da quale sara l’agenda complessiva del futuro negoziato, sono comunque destinati ad influenzare, direttamente o indirettamente, la trattativa agricola.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jul 5, 2022
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2022
European Review of Agricultural Economics, 1991
In connection with the tight interdependence between domestic agricultural policies and behavior ... more In connection with the tight interdependence between domestic agricultural policies and behavior of world market and the present round of GATT negotiations, agricultural economists are increasingly being asked to produce significant pieces of research. This paper analyzes the supply responses of our profession from three different angles. First, recent research efforts by agricultural economists are surveyed with regard to the following areas: (1) effects of liberalization; (2) analyzes of the roots and structure of agricultural protectionism; (3) the aggregate measure of support; (4) reinstrumentation. Second, starting from the analytical dichotomy between free-traders and pragmatists, recent developments in the international economics literature are surveyed, giving specific attention to the "new" international economics and to the domestic and systemic dimensions of the political economy approach. Finally, on the basis of these surveys, a triad of doctrinal positions--hard free-traders; soft pragmatists; committed pragmatists--are specified and research issues of high future priority identified. Copyright 1991 by Oxford University Press.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2015
Using the World Bank database “Distortions to agricultural incentives,” this paper analyzes the i... more Using the World Bank database “Distortions to agricultural incentives,” this paper analyzes the impact that agricultural (dis)incentives have on food security for a wide sample of countries over the 1990–2010 period. We adopt a continuous treatment approach applying generalized propensity score matching to reduce potential biases stemming from differences in observed country characteristics. The results provide strong evidence of self-selection and heterogeneous food security impacts at different levels of policy intensity. Estimates of the dose-response functions show that both discrimination against agriculture and large support for it lead to poor performance in the availability, access, and utilization dimensions of food security
The Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, 2005
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003
The production of exports depends on value chains-between firms in one country and, through globa... more The production of exports depends on value chains-between firms in one country and, through global value chains (GVCs), across international borders. Thus exports from one UK sector depend on value added from (and hence generate incomes in) other UK sectors and other countries. • Trade policies and the costs of doing trade apply to the gross value of a trade flow (e.g. a tariff is levied on the whole value of an imported car). But focusing on gross value-e.g. the decline in exports of cars as the cost of exporting to the EU rises-may be misleading because it misses the effects on the sectors and other countries that supply inputs into UK cars. • Even after the immediate logistical disruptions have been smoothed out, a 'No deal' Brexit will cut trade with the EU, and although trade with other countries, e.g. China, will increase, it will not do so by enough to make up the loss. Moreover, 'No deal' will seriously disrupt global value chains and significantly reduce the UK's benefits from 'Factory Europe'. • We study the effects of the barriers to trade in goods that a 'No deal' Brexit implies. We estimate that they will cut UK exports of goods by about 18%; nearly one-fifth of that loss of sales will show up as a loss of income in UK service sectors. • The overall loss of UK value added (i.e. income) from the goods trade barriers in 'No deal' will be about 4% of GDP. The largest proportionate declines will be in textiles and motor vehicles. • We have not quantified the barriers to services trade under 'No deal', but those on goods trade alone are enough to lead the UK service sector to contract by 4% because they cut UK incomes in general and reduce the demand for services as inputs into export sectors. • By raising barriers to trade with the EU, a 'No deal' Brexit will worsen the UK's terms of trade-imports will cost more and exports fetch less. This will directly reduce economic welfare in the UK.
Social Science Research Network, 2006
ABSTRACT This report is aimed at analyzing the degree of protection faced by exporters in the EU,... more ABSTRACT This report is aimed at analyzing the degree of protection faced by exporters in the EU, Japan, the United States, China, India and Brazil, and at identifying the contribution of product groups to the observed degree of market access. Data on the level of applied trade barriers provided by the MAcMap database is employed to compute Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Indexes (MTRIs) on the basis of bilateral trade flows generated within a general equilibrium model framework. Results indicate that notwithstanding the rhetoric on trade preferences, developing country exporters appear to be still substantially restricted in their trade with some of the major developed country markets, such as the EU, Japan and the United States. Also, the three developing countries involved however impose significant restrictions on the access to their markets.
Rivista di Politica Economica, 2006
Welfare, trade and market effects of a set of trade liberalizationscenarios are analyzed using a ... more Welfare, trade and market effects of a set of trade liberalizationscenarios are analyzed using a global applied general equilibrium model built from the standard provided by the Global TradeAnalysis Project. Simulations include import tariff and exportsubsidy reductions in agriculture and manufacturers, inspired to the European Union and the United States proposals in the Doha Development Agenda. Results show that trade policy reform may bring about significant welfare gains through changes in resource.
QA Rivista dell’Associazione Rossi-Doria, 2000
Dopo Seattle: l’agricoltura nell’agenda dei negoziati commerciali del Wto (di Fabrizio De Filippi... more Dopo Seattle: l’agricoltura nell’agenda dei negoziati commerciali del Wto (di Fabrizio De Filippis, Luca Selvatici) - ABSTRACT: Gli eventi relativi alla terza Conferenza ministeriale del Wto tenutasi a Seattle dal 30 novembre al 3 dicembre 1999 hanno innescato un dibattito che fara da sfondo alle future trattative commerciali di cui, almeno per il momento, l’agricoltura rappresenta uno dei pochi punti sicuramente in agenda. L’articolo, dopo aver introdotto la genesi storica e la natura istituzionale del Wto, analizza le ragioni che sono alla base del fallimento della Conferenza di Seattle distinguendo fra elementi di natura congiunturale e problemi di fondo. Nella seconda parte vengono presentati i temi maggiormente rilevanti per la futura trattativa agricola a partire dai contenuti dell’Accordo sottoscritto nel 1994 al termine dell’Uruguay Round: accesso ai mercati, riduzione dei sussidi all’esportazione e riduzione del sostegno interno. Infine vengono discusse tutta una serie di tematiche piu generali - come l’uso protezionistico degli standard di processo e/o di prodotto, le distorsioni della concorrenza sui mercati internazionali, la tutela dei diritti di proprieta intellettuali e meccanismi per la soluzione delle dispute - che, a prescindere da quale sara l’agenda complessiva del futuro negoziato, sono comunque destinati ad influenzare, direttamente o indirettamente, la trattativa agricola.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jul 5, 2022
Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2022
European Review of Agricultural Economics, 1991
In connection with the tight interdependence between domestic agricultural policies and behavior ... more In connection with the tight interdependence between domestic agricultural policies and behavior of world market and the present round of GATT negotiations, agricultural economists are increasingly being asked to produce significant pieces of research. This paper analyzes the supply responses of our profession from three different angles. First, recent research efforts by agricultural economists are surveyed with regard to the following areas: (1) effects of liberalization; (2) analyzes of the roots and structure of agricultural protectionism; (3) the aggregate measure of support; (4) reinstrumentation. Second, starting from the analytical dichotomy between free-traders and pragmatists, recent developments in the international economics literature are surveyed, giving specific attention to the "new" international economics and to the domestic and systemic dimensions of the political economy approach. Finally, on the basis of these surveys, a triad of doctrinal positions--hard free-traders; soft pragmatists; committed pragmatists--are specified and research issues of high future priority identified. Copyright 1991 by Oxford University Press.
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2015
Using the World Bank database “Distortions to agricultural incentives,” this paper analyzes the i... more Using the World Bank database “Distortions to agricultural incentives,” this paper analyzes the impact that agricultural (dis)incentives have on food security for a wide sample of countries over the 1990–2010 period. We adopt a continuous treatment approach applying generalized propensity score matching to reduce potential biases stemming from differences in observed country characteristics. The results provide strong evidence of self-selection and heterogeneous food security impacts at different levels of policy intensity. Estimates of the dose-response functions show that both discrimination against agriculture and large support for it lead to poor performance in the availability, access, and utilization dimensions of food security
The Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, 2005
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003
The production of exports depends on value chains-between firms in one country and, through globa... more The production of exports depends on value chains-between firms in one country and, through global value chains (GVCs), across international borders. Thus exports from one UK sector depend on value added from (and hence generate incomes in) other UK sectors and other countries. • Trade policies and the costs of doing trade apply to the gross value of a trade flow (e.g. a tariff is levied on the whole value of an imported car). But focusing on gross value-e.g. the decline in exports of cars as the cost of exporting to the EU rises-may be misleading because it misses the effects on the sectors and other countries that supply inputs into UK cars. • Even after the immediate logistical disruptions have been smoothed out, a 'No deal' Brexit will cut trade with the EU, and although trade with other countries, e.g. China, will increase, it will not do so by enough to make up the loss. Moreover, 'No deal' will seriously disrupt global value chains and significantly reduce the UK's benefits from 'Factory Europe'. • We study the effects of the barriers to trade in goods that a 'No deal' Brexit implies. We estimate that they will cut UK exports of goods by about 18%; nearly one-fifth of that loss of sales will show up as a loss of income in UK service sectors. • The overall loss of UK value added (i.e. income) from the goods trade barriers in 'No deal' will be about 4% of GDP. The largest proportionate declines will be in textiles and motor vehicles. • We have not quantified the barriers to services trade under 'No deal', but those on goods trade alone are enough to lead the UK service sector to contract by 4% because they cut UK incomes in general and reduce the demand for services as inputs into export sectors. • By raising barriers to trade with the EU, a 'No deal' Brexit will worsen the UK's terms of trade-imports will cost more and exports fetch less. This will directly reduce economic welfare in the UK.
Social Science Research Network, 2006
ABSTRACT This report is aimed at analyzing the degree of protection faced by exporters in the EU,... more ABSTRACT This report is aimed at analyzing the degree of protection faced by exporters in the EU, Japan, the United States, China, India and Brazil, and at identifying the contribution of product groups to the observed degree of market access. Data on the level of applied trade barriers provided by the MAcMap database is employed to compute Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Indexes (MTRIs) on the basis of bilateral trade flows generated within a general equilibrium model framework. Results indicate that notwithstanding the rhetoric on trade preferences, developing country exporters appear to be still substantially restricted in their trade with some of the major developed country markets, such as the EU, Japan and the United States. Also, the three developing countries involved however impose significant restrictions on the access to their markets.
Rivista di Politica Economica, 2006
Welfare, trade and market effects of a set of trade liberalizationscenarios are analyzed using a ... more Welfare, trade and market effects of a set of trade liberalizationscenarios are analyzed using a global applied general equilibrium model built from the standard provided by the Global TradeAnalysis Project. Simulations include import tariff and exportsubsidy reductions in agriculture and manufacturers, inspired to the European Union and the United States proposals in the Doha Development Agenda. Results show that trade policy reform may bring about significant welfare gains through changes in resource.
This paper provides a summary measure of the possible new commitments in the area of market acces... more This paper provides a summary measure of the possible new commitments in the area of market access undertaken by the European Union and the United States, using the Trade Restrictiveness Index (TRI) as the tariff aggregator. Indicators such as the TRI, based on welfare theory, integrate economic behavioural assumptions within a balance of trade framework. We take the 2000 bound tariffs as the starting point and attempt to assess how much liberalisation in agriculture could be achieved in the European Union and the United States as a result of the present negotiations. We compute the index for agricultural commodity aggregates assuming a specific (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) functional form for import demand. The present levels of the TRI under the actual commitments of the Uruguay Round are computed and compared with three hypothetical cases: a repetition of the same set of commitments of the Uruguay Round, a uniform 36 percent reduction of each tariff, an harmonization formula based on the "sliding scale" scheme. This makes it possible to infer how reducing tariff dispersion would help improve market access in future trade agreements.