Luci Kohn - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Luci Kohn
The 87th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Austin, TX, 2018
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Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, Jul 30, 2016
We examined scapula glenoids (n=14) and proximal articular humeri (n=14) of seven grey wolves tha... more We examined scapula glenoids (n=14) and proximal articular humeri (n=14) of seven grey wolves that were maintained in a sanctuary park setting. Immediately after death, observations were made visually in situ and by radiography. Further observations were made in a museum laboratory setting, prior to and following clearing of soft tissues. Selected dry bone specimens were evaluated using computed tomography. Significant cartilage erosion and osteoarthropathy were identified in all shoulder joints. No single evaluation method yielded maximal information. Plain film radiography revealed only more severe changes. Computed tomography yielded more detail and clarity than standard radiography. Direct examination of articular cartilage informed about joint soft tissue, and dry bone informed about externally visible bone pathology. These data provide a basis for biological, biomedical, ecological, and archaeological scientists to improve retrospective interpretations of bone lesions. They further support developing plausible differential diagnoses for features of ancient and modern animal bones. We noted a dog-like capacity for wolf longevity in a non-free-roaming environment. However, aged wolves' life spans far exceeded those of similar-sized domestic dogs and breeds, suggesting the possibility of an important species difference that should be explored. We suggest also a hypothesis that the driving force for joint pathology in sheltered non-domestic species may relate significantly to achieving the longevity that is possible biologically, but is uncommon in the wild because of differential stochastic influences. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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River Research and Applications, Oct 11, 2016
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ABSTRACTWe evaluated subtle-to-incipient pathology traits in coxofemoral joints from dry bone mus... more ABSTRACTWe evaluated subtle-to-incipient pathology traits in coxofemoral joints from dry bone museum specimens of: Vulpes lagopus; Vulpes; Nyctereutes procyonoides; Urocyon cinereoargenteus; Canis lupus familiaris; and Canis latrans. Multiple intra-articular structures were evaluated on acetabula and proximal femora. Primary observations included multifocal, variable osteophytelike formations; osteophyte-like rimming of articular margins and femoral head (ligamentum teres attachment); and rough or worn bone. Within limitations on valid statistical applications, we observed little difference among the high trait frequencies across taxa, aligning with previous morphological observations.Additionally, for this study, we evaluated the known history of the taxa, from deep time to the present, to consider our data in a phylogenetic context. Potential introgression over the evolution of Canidae, along with early history of the canid genome, likely supported broad and deep conservation of p...
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American Journal of Biological Anthropology
Objectives(1) To investigate sex differences in molar wear in known‐age Cayo Santiago rhesus maca... more Objectives(1) To investigate sex differences in molar wear in known‐age Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and, (2) To explore sex differences in body weight and molar eruption timing as factors influencing sex differences in molar wear.Materials and methodsData set I comprises wear scores, ages and body weights of 212 living monkeys included in the 1985 roundup. Data set II consists of molar wear measurements taken on 2D images of 103 of these monkeys' dental remains. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the first data set. General linear models were used to analyze the second.ResultsMales generally exhibited more wear than females at equivalent chronological ages, though results varied by tooth type for the second data set. Male body weight in the full 1985 living sample was significantly related to dental wear, when age was taken into account; however, when males less than 8 years of age were eliminated from the sample, the association between dental we...
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Mar 1, 2021
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*SOLDIER SCIENCE DIRECTORATE DISCLAIMERS The findings contained in this report are not to be cons... more *SOLDIER SCIENCE DIRECTORATE DISCLAIMERS The findings contained in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of trade names in this report does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such items.
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t' a4 L,,: @ j.Jj4Box 19--Abstract (Continaled)
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The Anatomical Record, 2021
We continued direct morphological studies of the canid coxofemoral joint, considering early-life ... more We continued direct morphological studies of the canid coxofemoral joint, considering early-life spatial relationships around the locus of the proximocaudal joint capsule insertion. Our primary goal was to elucidate the post-natal developmental gross anatomy of the proximocaudal femur, in juveniles across Canidae. From an original database of 267 independent (museum) specimens from 11 canid taxa and one hybrid taxon, we identified 29 ancient or modern candidate juvenile specimens (9 taxa and one hybrid taxon). Based on optimal ability to recognize landmarks, the best photographic data were categorized into 5 groups of 4 each (n = 20). The data groups approximated early juvenile, early-mid juvenile, mid-juvenile, mid-late juvenile; and young adult stages. In this descriptive photographic essay, we demonstrate the developmental spatial proximity among (a) the dorsal meeting of the respective lateral and medial extensions from the growth centers of the femoral head and greater trochanter; (b) the caudodorsal aspect of the coxofemoral joint capsule attachment; (c) a segment of the proximocaudal femoral shaft physis; and (d) an eventual associated mineralized prominence. The latter occurs frequently but not universally, suggesting natural population variability across taxa. Across taxa and juvenile age categories, the morphology thus supports developmental conservation among ancient and modern Canidae. The biomechanical and biological cause-effect implications are not yet clear. For zoological purposes, we apply the term post-developmental mineralized prominence (PMP) to the residual caudolateral surface feature. We extend the original anatomical work of Morgan in zoological and phylogenic arenas, using direct observation of cleared skeletal specimens.
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Radiology, 1991
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River Research and Applications, 2016
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The Anatomical Record
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The Anatomical Record
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Journal of Veterinary Anatomy
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American Antiquity
The domestication of dogs likely occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, and the initial peoplin... more The domestication of dogs likely occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, and the initial peopling of the Americas potentially happened around the same time. Dogs were long thought to have accompanied the first migrations into the Americas, but conclusive evidence for Paleoindian dogs is lacking. In this study, the direct dating of two dogs from the Koster site (Greene County, Illinois) and a newly described dog from the Stilwell II site (Pike County, Illinois) to between 10,190 and 9,630 cal BP represents the earliest confirmed evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and individual dog burials anywhere in the world. Analysis of these animals shows Early Archaic dogs were medium sized, lived active lifestyles, and exhibited significant morphological variation. Stable isotope analyses suggest diets dominated by terrestrial C3 resources and substantial consumption of riverine fish.
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The Anatomical Record
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The 87th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Austin, TX, 2018
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Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, Jul 30, 2016
We examined scapula glenoids (n=14) and proximal articular humeri (n=14) of seven grey wolves tha... more We examined scapula glenoids (n=14) and proximal articular humeri (n=14) of seven grey wolves that were maintained in a sanctuary park setting. Immediately after death, observations were made visually in situ and by radiography. Further observations were made in a museum laboratory setting, prior to and following clearing of soft tissues. Selected dry bone specimens were evaluated using computed tomography. Significant cartilage erosion and osteoarthropathy were identified in all shoulder joints. No single evaluation method yielded maximal information. Plain film radiography revealed only more severe changes. Computed tomography yielded more detail and clarity than standard radiography. Direct examination of articular cartilage informed about joint soft tissue, and dry bone informed about externally visible bone pathology. These data provide a basis for biological, biomedical, ecological, and archaeological scientists to improve retrospective interpretations of bone lesions. They further support developing plausible differential diagnoses for features of ancient and modern animal bones. We noted a dog-like capacity for wolf longevity in a non-free-roaming environment. However, aged wolves' life spans far exceeded those of similar-sized domestic dogs and breeds, suggesting the possibility of an important species difference that should be explored. We suggest also a hypothesis that the driving force for joint pathology in sheltered non-domestic species may relate significantly to achieving the longevity that is possible biologically, but is uncommon in the wild because of differential stochastic influences. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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River Research and Applications, Oct 11, 2016
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ABSTRACTWe evaluated subtle-to-incipient pathology traits in coxofemoral joints from dry bone mus... more ABSTRACTWe evaluated subtle-to-incipient pathology traits in coxofemoral joints from dry bone museum specimens of: Vulpes lagopus; Vulpes; Nyctereutes procyonoides; Urocyon cinereoargenteus; Canis lupus familiaris; and Canis latrans. Multiple intra-articular structures were evaluated on acetabula and proximal femora. Primary observations included multifocal, variable osteophytelike formations; osteophyte-like rimming of articular margins and femoral head (ligamentum teres attachment); and rough or worn bone. Within limitations on valid statistical applications, we observed little difference among the high trait frequencies across taxa, aligning with previous morphological observations.Additionally, for this study, we evaluated the known history of the taxa, from deep time to the present, to consider our data in a phylogenetic context. Potential introgression over the evolution of Canidae, along with early history of the canid genome, likely supported broad and deep conservation of p...
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American Journal of Biological Anthropology
Objectives(1) To investigate sex differences in molar wear in known‐age Cayo Santiago rhesus maca... more Objectives(1) To investigate sex differences in molar wear in known‐age Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and, (2) To explore sex differences in body weight and molar eruption timing as factors influencing sex differences in molar wear.Materials and methodsData set I comprises wear scores, ages and body weights of 212 living monkeys included in the 1985 roundup. Data set II consists of molar wear measurements taken on 2D images of 103 of these monkeys' dental remains. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the first data set. General linear models were used to analyze the second.ResultsMales generally exhibited more wear than females at equivalent chronological ages, though results varied by tooth type for the second data set. Male body weight in the full 1985 living sample was significantly related to dental wear, when age was taken into account; however, when males less than 8 years of age were eliminated from the sample, the association between dental we...
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Mar 1, 2021
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*SOLDIER SCIENCE DIRECTORATE DISCLAIMERS The findings contained in this report are not to be cons... more *SOLDIER SCIENCE DIRECTORATE DISCLAIMERS The findings contained in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Citation of trade names in this report does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such items.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
t' a4 L,,: @ j.Jj4Box 19--Abstract (Continaled)
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The Anatomical Record, 2021
We continued direct morphological studies of the canid coxofemoral joint, considering early-life ... more We continued direct morphological studies of the canid coxofemoral joint, considering early-life spatial relationships around the locus of the proximocaudal joint capsule insertion. Our primary goal was to elucidate the post-natal developmental gross anatomy of the proximocaudal femur, in juveniles across Canidae. From an original database of 267 independent (museum) specimens from 11 canid taxa and one hybrid taxon, we identified 29 ancient or modern candidate juvenile specimens (9 taxa and one hybrid taxon). Based on optimal ability to recognize landmarks, the best photographic data were categorized into 5 groups of 4 each (n = 20). The data groups approximated early juvenile, early-mid juvenile, mid-juvenile, mid-late juvenile; and young adult stages. In this descriptive photographic essay, we demonstrate the developmental spatial proximity among (a) the dorsal meeting of the respective lateral and medial extensions from the growth centers of the femoral head and greater trochanter; (b) the caudodorsal aspect of the coxofemoral joint capsule attachment; (c) a segment of the proximocaudal femoral shaft physis; and (d) an eventual associated mineralized prominence. The latter occurs frequently but not universally, suggesting natural population variability across taxa. Across taxa and juvenile age categories, the morphology thus supports developmental conservation among ancient and modern Canidae. The biomechanical and biological cause-effect implications are not yet clear. For zoological purposes, we apply the term post-developmental mineralized prominence (PMP) to the residual caudolateral surface feature. We extend the original anatomical work of Morgan in zoological and phylogenic arenas, using direct observation of cleared skeletal specimens.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Radiology, 1991
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
River Research and Applications, 2016
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
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The Anatomical Record
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The Anatomical Record
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Veterinary Anatomy
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American Antiquity
The domestication of dogs likely occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, and the initial peoplin... more The domestication of dogs likely occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, and the initial peopling of the Americas potentially happened around the same time. Dogs were long thought to have accompanied the first migrations into the Americas, but conclusive evidence for Paleoindian dogs is lacking. In this study, the direct dating of two dogs from the Koster site (Greene County, Illinois) and a newly described dog from the Stilwell II site (Pike County, Illinois) to between 10,190 and 9,630 cal BP represents the earliest confirmed evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and individual dog burials anywhere in the world. Analysis of these animals shows Early Archaic dogs were medium sized, lived active lifestyles, and exhibited significant morphological variation. Stable isotope analyses suggest diets dominated by terrestrial C3 resources and substantial consumption of riverine fish.
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The Anatomical Record
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