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Papers by Luciano Freire

A importância de métodos de projeto vem crescendo nos últimos anos à medida que sistemas sócio-té... more A importância de métodos de projeto vem crescendo nos últimos anos à medida que sistemas sócio-técnicos complexos se tornam mais numerosos. Além da complexidade, o tamanho e o investimento financeiro destes sistemas amplificam a gravidade dos erros de projeto. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia de especificação e projeto que reduza o tempo e energia para desenvolver um sistema complexo cujas funções sejam conhecidas a priori, gerenciando em paralelo os riscos. O objetivo específico foi verificar a viabilidade econômica de usinas nucleares móveis de pequeno porte. Este trabalho adotou como princípio a lei construtal que prevê o sucesso de sistemas que facilitem os fluxos necessários à sua existência. Após a identificação dos fatores chave para facilitar o fluxo de informações, esta tese desenvolveu um conjunto de conceitos para facilitar o trabalho de engenharia. Aplicando tais conceitos, este trabalho desenvolveu sequências de atividades que descrevem o ...

Brazilian Journal of Development

According to IAEA (2020), a large number of nuclear power plants (NPP) is completing 30 to 40 yea... more According to IAEA (2020), a large number of nuclear power plants (NPP) is completing 30 to 40 years of operation, and many of them can extend the lifetime for variable periods of operation. Besides that, new applications and methods of NPP design are in direction of adopting small modular reactors (SMR) to optimize the NPP projects in relation to cost and safety (Black et al., 2021). Other way is to apply NPP in naval plants, providing efficient manners to generate energy (Freire, 2018). All these ways can make nuclear energy a viable alternative, and consequently to contribute with low carbon power demands, and stabilize the global energy matrix helping to meet climate goals in the next decades (IAEA, 2020). One of the sensing points in NPP project nowadays is the introduction of advanced digital I&C technologies (Santos, 2021). In digital I&C design based on nuclear normative basis, it is imperative to be adherent with the safety and human factors engineering (HFE) requirements. T...

Fusion Science and Technology, Mar 1, 2022

Abstract Scientists detected 2.45-MeV neutrons and in smaller yields 4- and 5-MeV neutrons in deu... more Abstract Scientists detected 2.45-MeV neutrons and in smaller yields 4- and 5-MeV neutrons in deuterated metals under a 2.9-MeV electron beam. Such discovery could allow the use of deuterated metals at temperatures below their melting point to provide nuclear fusion reactions. Such reactions could provide fast neutrons and energy in the form of heat. This work analyzed the results of some experiments to infer the neutron multiplication rate in such environments. It also considered the possible roles that such phenomena could play in a commercial nuclear power reactor under economic and compactness constraints. It seems the best way to promote nuclear fusion is the irradiation of deuterated metals by fast neutrons. This work presents the concept of a hybrid fusion–fission reactor using fissile or fertile fuel to generate heat and fast neutrons along deuterated metals providing excess neutrons (reactivity boost). Additionally, deuterated metals also may have a role in neutron moderation requiring less volume than other moderators (water or graphite). Such a reactor, given its reactivity boost, may burn radioactive residuals (transmutation) at affordable costs while generating power. Alternatively, this hybrid fusion–fission concept could also breed fissile fuel from fertile isotopes using natural uranium as seed.

In previous work it was verified the physical possibility of using plate and shell heat exchanger... more In previous work it was verified the physical possibility of using plate and shell heat exchangers for steam generation in a PWR for merchant ships. This work studies the possibility of using GESMEX commercial of the shelf plate and shell heat exchanger of series XPS. It was found it is feasible for this type of heat exchanger to meet operational and accidental requirements for steam generation in PWR. Additionally, it is proposed an arrangement of such heat exchangers inside the reactor pressure vessel. Such arrangement may avoid ANSI/ANS51.1 nuclear class I requirements on those heat exchangers because they are contained in the reactor coolant pressure barrier and play no role in accidental scenarios. Additionally, those plates work under compression, preventing the risk of rupture. Being considered non-nuclear safety, having a modular architecture and working under compression may turn such architectural choice a must to meet safety objectives with improved economics.

Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2021

Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to get access to flows) of finite size ... more Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to get access to flows) of finite size systems, but paradoxes do exist as not all vegetables have a tree form. Also, nature does not improve all animals for displacement. This work aims at creating a model to explain those paradoxes about constructal law. It adopted the system engineering technique of segregation between functions (abstract goals) and solutions (physical entities). Further, this work introduced the assumptions of flow under external threats and imperfect channels (subject to leakages and suboptimal form). Results showed that there are always elements doing four functions in all types of channels: to reduce entropy, to protect channel, to retain integrity and to drive flow. Although the four functions are always present, natural systems typically privilege one function over others, depending on environmental demands. As a solution to improve flows, animal brains also fit in the model of four functions. Human mind seems to have groups of instincts associated with each of the four channel design functions, leading to four behavior phenotypes and four motivations (prominence, inclusiveness, negativity prevention and tradition). Finally, this model (channels need to meet four goals) unified physics and animal psychology and extended applications of Constructal law to the fields of systems engineering methods, management, and psychological science.

Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to improve flows) of beings, but parado... more Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to improve flows) of beings, but paradoxes do exist as not all vegetables have a tree form. Also, not all animals are optimized for displacement. This work aims at identification of the design functions or objectives that guide evolution under the overall statement of constructal law. This work adopted the system engineering technique of segregation between functions (abstract objectives) and solutions (physical entities). Further, this work introduced the assumptions of flow under external threats and pipes subject to leakages. Results showed that there are always elements doing four functions in pipe element: to reduce flow entropy, to protect flow channel, to retain flow content and to increase flow drive. Although the four functions are always present, natural systems typically privileges some functions over others, depending on environmental pressures. As a solution to improve flows, animal brains also fit in the model o...

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2021

Since 1989 the announcement of "cold fusion" by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleishmann, "cold fusion"... more Since 1989 the announcement of "cold fusion" by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleishmann, "cold fusion" field has been surrounded by controversy. After three decades, this field is alive and has produced thousands of publications, most in dedicated periodic and conferences. This work aims at checking whether "cold fusion" fits in pathological science traits. For each type of experiment and year, this work counted the distinct research groups results (success or failure). Experimental results from many research groups suggest that nuclear reactions in solids are more complex than fusion (it is not only fusion) and that they need energy triggers like background radiation, meaning chemical configurations alone do not seem to generate nuclear reactions. Some types of experiments present rising trends (the field does not fit in pathological science model) and have potential to bring disruptive technologies. If confirmed, experimental results will require revisions of accepted nuclear models.

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 2021

Nuclear ship propulsion and isolated islands energy supply are unexplored markets for nuclear ven... more Nuclear ship propulsion and isolated islands energy supply are unexplored markets for nuclear vendors. Carbon taxes and fuel regulations may make fossil fuels more expensive. Such markets pay more for energy because of organization and transport costs and use of small machines, which are less efficient than grid generators. The goal of this work is to find the measures the nuclear industry needs to take to get into new potential markets. This work shows the different actors and their interests and points the natural or physical constraints they face. Considering interests and constraints, this work named the most probable market niches where nuclear power may beat other power sources. After considering natural constraints, this paper analyses human-generated constraints and presents a way on how to mitigate or solve them. This study shows that nuclear industry needs to take technical, administrative, and political measures before nuclear power arrives to a wider market. This work is...

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 2021

Operating costs of merchant ships, related to fuel costs, has led the naval industry to search al... more Operating costs of merchant ships, related to fuel costs, has led the naval industry to search alternatives to the current technologies of propulsion power. A possibility is to employ nuclear reactors like the Russian KLT-40S, which is a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and has experience on civilian surface vessels. However, space and weight are critical factors in a nuclear propulsion project, in addition to operational safety and costs. This work aims at comparing molten salt reactors (MSR) with PWR for merchant ship propulsion. The present study develops a qualitative analysis on weight, volume, overnight costs, fuel costs and nuclear safety. This work compares the architecture and operational conditions of these two types of reactors. The result is that MSR may produce lower amounts of high-activity nuclear tailings and, if it adopts the 233U-thorium cycle, it may have lower risks of proliferating nuclear weapons. Besides proliferation issues, this 4th generation reactor may hav...

Conservar Património, 2007

Foi este um dos trabalhou realisados pelo Fuschini, a quem os politicos, para se livrarem das sua... more Foi este um dos trabalhou realisados pelo Fuschini, a quem os politicos, para se livrarem das suas diatribes, entregaram, sem outra qualquer preocupação, a Sé de Lisboa para restaurar, e onde alguma cousa boa por ele ali realisada, mas de facilima execução, não deixa esquecer os erros praticados, que bem demonstram uma absoluta incompetencia naquela especialidade, e mesmo uma falta de criterio inconcebivel em creatura tida e havida por inteligente. Mas ninguem lhe ia á mão! Não foi pois para admirar que o Fuschini tivesse estranhado o encontrar-me, intemerato, pela sua frente, quando concorreu ao lugar de professor de historia de arte, da Escola de Belas Artes de Lisboa, e se não quiz sugeitar ás condições do concurso respectivo, entre as quais á que o obrigava a distribuir a tese impressa. Entendeu satisfazer a essa condição apresentando apenas um exemplar dactilografado, não tendo descançado em o reaver, tal o receio que se tornassem publicas as suas conclusões, que em consciencia reconhecia, decerto, pouco recomendaveis. Publicou depois, na intenção evidente de se reabilitar, o livro "A arquitectura religiosa na idade media" onde, posto de parte o que para ali foi transladado do que está dito e redito lá fóra, ficam apenas as referencias á Sé de Lisboa, o que em paiz mais culto, e onde estes assuntos não podessem ser tratados de maneira leviana, acarretaria exautoração completa ao seu auctor, dada a falta de criterio e de conhecimentos adquados que ali revela. Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65

World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2021

New research developments suggest that nuclear reactors using fusion may enter the market sooner ... more New research developments suggest that nuclear reactors using fusion may enter the market sooner than imagined even for mobile applications, like merchant ship propulsion and remote power generation. This article aims at pointing such developments and how they could affect nuclear fusion. The method is enumerating the main nuclear reactors concepts, identifying new technological or theoretical developments useful to nuclear field, and analysing how new recombination could affect feasibility of nuclear fusion. New technologies or experimental results do not always work the way people imagine, being better or worse for intended effects or even bringing completely unforeseen effects. Results point the following designs could be successful, in descending order of potential: aneutronic nuclear reactions using lattice confinement, aneutronic nuclear reactions using inertial along magnetic confinement, hybrid fission-lattice confinement fusion, and fission reactions.

Orientador: Ariovaldo Verandio GarciaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ... more Orientador: Ariovaldo Verandio GarciaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia EletricaResumo: Neste trabalho desenvolve-se um algoritmo de estimação estática de estado que considera a existência de erros na configuração do sistema, propiciando a identificação simultânea de medidas com erros grosseiros conformativos ou não e de erros topológicos. Utiliza-se para a estimação de estado o método dos mínimos quadrados ponderados, modelo desacoplado rápido, sendo que para a identificação de erros conformativos são utilizadas técnicas de algoritmos combinatórios. Para a identificação de erros topoJógicos, desenvolveu-se uma heurística baseada em observações dos resultados de estimação de estado quando erros topológicos estão presemes na rede elétrica. Enfoca-se também, uma outra maneira de se obter o estado, baseada no lema de inversão de matrizes, quando o conjunto de medidas avaliado na estimação sofre alteraçôesAbstract: Not informed.MestradoMestre em Engenharia Elétric

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 2021

Safety analysis uses probability combinatorial models like fault tree and/or event tree. Such met... more Safety analysis uses probability combinatorial models like fault tree and/or event tree. Such methods have static basic events and do not consider complex scenarios of dynamic reliability, leading to conservative results. Reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) analysis using reliability block diagram (RBD) experience the same limitations. Continuous Markov chains model dynamic reliability scenarios but suffer from other limitations like states explosion and restriction of exponential life distribution only. Markov Regenerative Stochastic Petri Nets oblige complex mathematical formalism and still subject to state explosions for large systems. In the design of complex systems, distinct teams make safety and RAM analyses, each one adopting tools better fitting their own needs. Teams using different tools turns obscure the detection of problems and their correction is even harder. This work aims to improve design quality, reduce design conservatism, and ensure consistency by proposing a single and powerful tool to perform any probabilistic analysis. The suggested tool is the Stochastic Colored class of Petri Nets, which supplies hierarchical organization, a set of options for life distributions, dynamic reliability scenarios and simple and easy construction for large systems. This work also proposes more quality rules to assure model consistency. Such method for probabilistic analysis may have the effect of shifting systems design from "redundancy, segregation and independency" approach to "maintainability, maintenance and contingency procedures" approach. By modeling complex human and automated interventional scenarios, this method reduces capital costs and keeps safety and availability of systems.

Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018

System behavior description using states faces problems like state explosion, lack of clear defin... more System behavior description using states faces problems like state explosion, lack of clear definition of state, state identification and coordination between multiple agents. The goals of this work are to ease design activity, to reduce engineering efforts, and to mitigate project risks. The proposed way is to improve information flow during design by adding definitions and some protocols or rules for communicating a specification or design description. This work presented an objective definition of system status (way of interaction with the rest of the world) along other concepts. This work focused in definitions as mind entities and their importance to rationalize work and mitigate project risks during design. This article presented some simple examples to illustrate the advantages of each aspect of proposed definition of system status and discussed limits and exceptions for such definition. The key finding was the proposed definition which was the simplest while keeping completeness at a given product breakdown level. Such definition of status enforced formal segregation of needs and solutions, and eased the inclusion of behavior definition in specifications.

Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018

This work looked for a unifying theory between physical-biological domain and social sciences. Co... more This work looked for a unifying theory between physical-biological domain and social sciences. Constructal law unified physical and biological domain by telling the general sense in which flow systems tend to evolve. Management theory looks for relations between institutions and human agency. Although being state of mind entities, institutions follow constructal law. This work proposed the main organization flows are information and credit. Biologic instincts derived from Darwinian natural selection are the driving or blocking forces of such flows. Once biologic instincts systematically block information and credit flows in large numbers, this work proposed every human organization must have institutions to inhibit some behaviors. Those institutions need to be present, at least partially, in formal rules of social groups. This way it is possible to predict expansion or downfall of human groups using objective and quantifiable data. Therefore, further studies may employ classical history to confirm this theory. This work analyzed some case studies to show qualitatively the application of proposed theory. Concluding, this work gave physically-biologically grounded guidance for institutional changes.

Ocean Engineering, 2018

The very nature of a complex system does not allow that a single person be able to master all req... more The very nature of a complex system does not allow that a single person be able to master all required competences for its development or operation. Therefore, specialization, team work and coordination are required to achieve the desired goals. In order to assure positive synergy between every participant, system engineering concepts must be taken into account, like development methods, product decomposition, functional classification, design patterns, interface and compatibility assessment, configuration management, technological plans, technical standards, integration policies, system commissioning and validation. These systems engineering concepts are shown in the presented work through the development of a fully functional AUV system and control architecture. The control system and its components are properly described and compared against other state of the art architectures. It is also shown that it was possible to sustain the project development tasks among many successive group or generation of students, demonstrating the benefits of the proposed engineering methods. The proposed system was tested in field tests of the AUV during an oceanographic mission.

FREIRE, Luciano Ondir. Specification and design methodology applied to mobile nuclear power plant... more FREIRE, Luciano Ondir. Specification and design methodology applied to mobile nuclear power plants. 2018. 180p. Tese (Doutorado em tecnologia nuclear)-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN-CNEN/SP. São Paulo. The importance of design methodologies has been growing in recent years as complex socio-technical systems become more common. In addition to complexity, the size and financial investment of these systems amplifies the severity of design errors. The general goal of this work was to develop a specification and design methodology that reduces the time and energy to develop a complex system whose functions are known a priori, managing the risks in parallel. The specific goal was to verify if small modular reactors could be economically possible. This work adopted as principle the Constructal law, that predicts the success of systems that ease the necessary flows to its existence. After finding the key factors to ease the flow of information, this work developed a set of concepts to ease the engineering work. Applying such concepts, this work developed sequences of activities that describe the proposed methodology. Lists of requirements gave guidance for each activity. Event tree and fault tree analyses showed the advantages of the proposed methodology. Using the methodology, this work developed specifications and designs at many product breakdown levels (enterprise, nuclear power plant, nuclear steam supply system, reactor coolant system and steam generator). Using data from US Navy, this work developed a cost model for small reactors. This work concluded that nuclear power may be competitive if average electrical power extracted during the life is larger than 30 MWe and if life time is superior to 60 years. The first condition is consequence of the high overnight costs of nuclear power. The second is consequence of the strong scale economy effects of pressurized water reactors.

A importância de métodos de projeto vem crescendo nos últimos anos à medida que sistemas sócio-té... more A importância de métodos de projeto vem crescendo nos últimos anos à medida que sistemas sócio-técnicos complexos se tornam mais numerosos. Além da complexidade, o tamanho e o investimento financeiro destes sistemas amplificam a gravidade dos erros de projeto. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia de especificação e projeto que reduza o tempo e energia para desenvolver um sistema complexo cujas funções sejam conhecidas a priori, gerenciando em paralelo os riscos. O objetivo específico foi verificar a viabilidade econômica de usinas nucleares móveis de pequeno porte. Este trabalho adotou como princípio a lei construtal que prevê o sucesso de sistemas que facilitem os fluxos necessários à sua existência. Após a identificação dos fatores chave para facilitar o fluxo de informações, esta tese desenvolveu um conjunto de conceitos para facilitar o trabalho de engenharia. Aplicando tais conceitos, este trabalho desenvolveu sequências de atividades que descrevem o ...

Brazilian Journal of Development

According to IAEA (2020), a large number of nuclear power plants (NPP) is completing 30 to 40 yea... more According to IAEA (2020), a large number of nuclear power plants (NPP) is completing 30 to 40 years of operation, and many of them can extend the lifetime for variable periods of operation. Besides that, new applications and methods of NPP design are in direction of adopting small modular reactors (SMR) to optimize the NPP projects in relation to cost and safety (Black et al., 2021). Other way is to apply NPP in naval plants, providing efficient manners to generate energy (Freire, 2018). All these ways can make nuclear energy a viable alternative, and consequently to contribute with low carbon power demands, and stabilize the global energy matrix helping to meet climate goals in the next decades (IAEA, 2020). One of the sensing points in NPP project nowadays is the introduction of advanced digital I&C technologies (Santos, 2021). In digital I&C design based on nuclear normative basis, it is imperative to be adherent with the safety and human factors engineering (HFE) requirements. T...

Fusion Science and Technology, Mar 1, 2022

Abstract Scientists detected 2.45-MeV neutrons and in smaller yields 4- and 5-MeV neutrons in deu... more Abstract Scientists detected 2.45-MeV neutrons and in smaller yields 4- and 5-MeV neutrons in deuterated metals under a 2.9-MeV electron beam. Such discovery could allow the use of deuterated metals at temperatures below their melting point to provide nuclear fusion reactions. Such reactions could provide fast neutrons and energy in the form of heat. This work analyzed the results of some experiments to infer the neutron multiplication rate in such environments. It also considered the possible roles that such phenomena could play in a commercial nuclear power reactor under economic and compactness constraints. It seems the best way to promote nuclear fusion is the irradiation of deuterated metals by fast neutrons. This work presents the concept of a hybrid fusion–fission reactor using fissile or fertile fuel to generate heat and fast neutrons along deuterated metals providing excess neutrons (reactivity boost). Additionally, deuterated metals also may have a role in neutron moderation requiring less volume than other moderators (water or graphite). Such a reactor, given its reactivity boost, may burn radioactive residuals (transmutation) at affordable costs while generating power. Alternatively, this hybrid fusion–fission concept could also breed fissile fuel from fertile isotopes using natural uranium as seed.

In previous work it was verified the physical possibility of using plate and shell heat exchanger... more In previous work it was verified the physical possibility of using plate and shell heat exchangers for steam generation in a PWR for merchant ships. This work studies the possibility of using GESMEX commercial of the shelf plate and shell heat exchanger of series XPS. It was found it is feasible for this type of heat exchanger to meet operational and accidental requirements for steam generation in PWR. Additionally, it is proposed an arrangement of such heat exchangers inside the reactor pressure vessel. Such arrangement may avoid ANSI/ANS51.1 nuclear class I requirements on those heat exchangers because they are contained in the reactor coolant pressure barrier and play no role in accidental scenarios. Additionally, those plates work under compression, preventing the risk of rupture. Being considered non-nuclear safety, having a modular architecture and working under compression may turn such architectural choice a must to meet safety objectives with improved economics.

Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2021

Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to get access to flows) of finite size ... more Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to get access to flows) of finite size systems, but paradoxes do exist as not all vegetables have a tree form. Also, nature does not improve all animals for displacement. This work aims at creating a model to explain those paradoxes about constructal law. It adopted the system engineering technique of segregation between functions (abstract goals) and solutions (physical entities). Further, this work introduced the assumptions of flow under external threats and imperfect channels (subject to leakages and suboptimal form). Results showed that there are always elements doing four functions in all types of channels: to reduce entropy, to protect channel, to retain integrity and to drive flow. Although the four functions are always present, natural systems typically privilege one function over others, depending on environmental demands. As a solution to improve flows, animal brains also fit in the model of four functions. Human mind seems to have groups of instincts associated with each of the four channel design functions, leading to four behavior phenotypes and four motivations (prominence, inclusiveness, negativity prevention and tradition). Finally, this model (channels need to meet four goals) unified physics and animal psychology and extended applications of Constructal law to the fields of systems engineering methods, management, and psychological science.

Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to improve flows) of beings, but parado... more Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to improve flows) of beings, but paradoxes do exist as not all vegetables have a tree form. Also, not all animals are optimized for displacement. This work aims at identification of the design functions or objectives that guide evolution under the overall statement of constructal law. This work adopted the system engineering technique of segregation between functions (abstract objectives) and solutions (physical entities). Further, this work introduced the assumptions of flow under external threats and pipes subject to leakages. Results showed that there are always elements doing four functions in pipe element: to reduce flow entropy, to protect flow channel, to retain flow content and to increase flow drive. Although the four functions are always present, natural systems typically privileges some functions over others, depending on environmental pressures. As a solution to improve flows, animal brains also fit in the model o...

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2021

Since 1989 the announcement of "cold fusion" by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleishmann, "cold fusion"... more Since 1989 the announcement of "cold fusion" by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleishmann, "cold fusion" field has been surrounded by controversy. After three decades, this field is alive and has produced thousands of publications, most in dedicated periodic and conferences. This work aims at checking whether "cold fusion" fits in pathological science traits. For each type of experiment and year, this work counted the distinct research groups results (success or failure). Experimental results from many research groups suggest that nuclear reactions in solids are more complex than fusion (it is not only fusion) and that they need energy triggers like background radiation, meaning chemical configurations alone do not seem to generate nuclear reactions. Some types of experiments present rising trends (the field does not fit in pathological science model) and have potential to bring disruptive technologies. If confirmed, experimental results will require revisions of accepted nuclear models.

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 2021

Nuclear ship propulsion and isolated islands energy supply are unexplored markets for nuclear ven... more Nuclear ship propulsion and isolated islands energy supply are unexplored markets for nuclear vendors. Carbon taxes and fuel regulations may make fossil fuels more expensive. Such markets pay more for energy because of organization and transport costs and use of small machines, which are less efficient than grid generators. The goal of this work is to find the measures the nuclear industry needs to take to get into new potential markets. This work shows the different actors and their interests and points the natural or physical constraints they face. Considering interests and constraints, this work named the most probable market niches where nuclear power may beat other power sources. After considering natural constraints, this paper analyses human-generated constraints and presents a way on how to mitigate or solve them. This study shows that nuclear industry needs to take technical, administrative, and political measures before nuclear power arrives to a wider market. This work is...

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 2021

Operating costs of merchant ships, related to fuel costs, has led the naval industry to search al... more Operating costs of merchant ships, related to fuel costs, has led the naval industry to search alternatives to the current technologies of propulsion power. A possibility is to employ nuclear reactors like the Russian KLT-40S, which is a pressurized water reactor (PWR) and has experience on civilian surface vessels. However, space and weight are critical factors in a nuclear propulsion project, in addition to operational safety and costs. This work aims at comparing molten salt reactors (MSR) with PWR for merchant ship propulsion. The present study develops a qualitative analysis on weight, volume, overnight costs, fuel costs and nuclear safety. This work compares the architecture and operational conditions of these two types of reactors. The result is that MSR may produce lower amounts of high-activity nuclear tailings and, if it adopts the 233U-thorium cycle, it may have lower risks of proliferating nuclear weapons. Besides proliferation issues, this 4th generation reactor may hav...

Conservar Património, 2007

Foi este um dos trabalhou realisados pelo Fuschini, a quem os politicos, para se livrarem das sua... more Foi este um dos trabalhou realisados pelo Fuschini, a quem os politicos, para se livrarem das suas diatribes, entregaram, sem outra qualquer preocupação, a Sé de Lisboa para restaurar, e onde alguma cousa boa por ele ali realisada, mas de facilima execução, não deixa esquecer os erros praticados, que bem demonstram uma absoluta incompetencia naquela especialidade, e mesmo uma falta de criterio inconcebivel em creatura tida e havida por inteligente. Mas ninguem lhe ia á mão! Não foi pois para admirar que o Fuschini tivesse estranhado o encontrar-me, intemerato, pela sua frente, quando concorreu ao lugar de professor de historia de arte, da Escola de Belas Artes de Lisboa, e se não quiz sugeitar ás condições do concurso respectivo, entre as quais á que o obrigava a distribuir a tese impressa. Entendeu satisfazer a essa condição apresentando apenas um exemplar dactilografado, não tendo descançado em o reaver, tal o receio que se tornassem publicas as suas conclusões, que em consciencia reconhecia, decerto, pouco recomendaveis. Publicou depois, na intenção evidente de se reabilitar, o livro "A arquitectura religiosa na idade media" onde, posto de parte o que para ali foi transladado do que está dito e redito lá fóra, ficam apenas as referencias á Sé de Lisboa, o que em paiz mais culto, e onde estes assuntos não podessem ser tratados de maneira leviana, acarretaria exautoração completa ao seu auctor, dada a falta de criterio e de conhecimentos adquados que ali revela. Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65 Conservar Património Número 5 2007 Elementos para um relatorio acerca do tratamento da pintura antiga em Portugal pp. 9-65

World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2021

New research developments suggest that nuclear reactors using fusion may enter the market sooner ... more New research developments suggest that nuclear reactors using fusion may enter the market sooner than imagined even for mobile applications, like merchant ship propulsion and remote power generation. This article aims at pointing such developments and how they could affect nuclear fusion. The method is enumerating the main nuclear reactors concepts, identifying new technological or theoretical developments useful to nuclear field, and analysing how new recombination could affect feasibility of nuclear fusion. New technologies or experimental results do not always work the way people imagine, being better or worse for intended effects or even bringing completely unforeseen effects. Results point the following designs could be successful, in descending order of potential: aneutronic nuclear reactions using lattice confinement, aneutronic nuclear reactions using inertial along magnetic confinement, hybrid fission-lattice confinement fusion, and fission reactions.

Orientador: Ariovaldo Verandio GarciaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, ... more Orientador: Ariovaldo Verandio GarciaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia EletricaResumo: Neste trabalho desenvolve-se um algoritmo de estimação estática de estado que considera a existência de erros na configuração do sistema, propiciando a identificação simultânea de medidas com erros grosseiros conformativos ou não e de erros topológicos. Utiliza-se para a estimação de estado o método dos mínimos quadrados ponderados, modelo desacoplado rápido, sendo que para a identificação de erros conformativos são utilizadas técnicas de algoritmos combinatórios. Para a identificação de erros topoJógicos, desenvolveu-se uma heurística baseada em observações dos resultados de estimação de estado quando erros topológicos estão presemes na rede elétrica. Enfoca-se também, uma outra maneira de se obter o estado, baseada no lema de inversão de matrizes, quando o conjunto de medidas avaliado na estimação sofre alteraçôesAbstract: Not informed.MestradoMestre em Engenharia Elétric

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, 2021

Safety analysis uses probability combinatorial models like fault tree and/or event tree. Such met... more Safety analysis uses probability combinatorial models like fault tree and/or event tree. Such methods have static basic events and do not consider complex scenarios of dynamic reliability, leading to conservative results. Reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) analysis using reliability block diagram (RBD) experience the same limitations. Continuous Markov chains model dynamic reliability scenarios but suffer from other limitations like states explosion and restriction of exponential life distribution only. Markov Regenerative Stochastic Petri Nets oblige complex mathematical formalism and still subject to state explosions for large systems. In the design of complex systems, distinct teams make safety and RAM analyses, each one adopting tools better fitting their own needs. Teams using different tools turns obscure the detection of problems and their correction is even harder. This work aims to improve design quality, reduce design conservatism, and ensure consistency by proposing a single and powerful tool to perform any probabilistic analysis. The suggested tool is the Stochastic Colored class of Petri Nets, which supplies hierarchical organization, a set of options for life distributions, dynamic reliability scenarios and simple and easy construction for large systems. This work also proposes more quality rules to assure model consistency. Such method for probabilistic analysis may have the effect of shifting systems design from "redundancy, segregation and independency" approach to "maintainability, maintenance and contingency procedures" approach. By modeling complex human and automated interventional scenarios, this method reduces capital costs and keeps safety and availability of systems.

Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018

System behavior description using states faces problems like state explosion, lack of clear defin... more System behavior description using states faces problems like state explosion, lack of clear definition of state, state identification and coordination between multiple agents. The goals of this work are to ease design activity, to reduce engineering efforts, and to mitigate project risks. The proposed way is to improve information flow during design by adding definitions and some protocols or rules for communicating a specification or design description. This work presented an objective definition of system status (way of interaction with the rest of the world) along other concepts. This work focused in definitions as mind entities and their importance to rationalize work and mitigate project risks during design. This article presented some simple examples to illustrate the advantages of each aspect of proposed definition of system status and discussed limits and exceptions for such definition. The key finding was the proposed definition which was the simplest while keeping completeness at a given product breakdown level. Such definition of status enforced formal segregation of needs and solutions, and eased the inclusion of behavior definition in specifications.

Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018

This work looked for a unifying theory between physical-biological domain and social sciences. Co... more This work looked for a unifying theory between physical-biological domain and social sciences. Constructal law unified physical and biological domain by telling the general sense in which flow systems tend to evolve. Management theory looks for relations between institutions and human agency. Although being state of mind entities, institutions follow constructal law. This work proposed the main organization flows are information and credit. Biologic instincts derived from Darwinian natural selection are the driving or blocking forces of such flows. Once biologic instincts systematically block information and credit flows in large numbers, this work proposed every human organization must have institutions to inhibit some behaviors. Those institutions need to be present, at least partially, in formal rules of social groups. This way it is possible to predict expansion or downfall of human groups using objective and quantifiable data. Therefore, further studies may employ classical history to confirm this theory. This work analyzed some case studies to show qualitatively the application of proposed theory. Concluding, this work gave physically-biologically grounded guidance for institutional changes.

Ocean Engineering, 2018

The very nature of a complex system does not allow that a single person be able to master all req... more The very nature of a complex system does not allow that a single person be able to master all required competences for its development or operation. Therefore, specialization, team work and coordination are required to achieve the desired goals. In order to assure positive synergy between every participant, system engineering concepts must be taken into account, like development methods, product decomposition, functional classification, design patterns, interface and compatibility assessment, configuration management, technological plans, technical standards, integration policies, system commissioning and validation. These systems engineering concepts are shown in the presented work through the development of a fully functional AUV system and control architecture. The control system and its components are properly described and compared against other state of the art architectures. It is also shown that it was possible to sustain the project development tasks among many successive group or generation of students, demonstrating the benefits of the proposed engineering methods. The proposed system was tested in field tests of the AUV during an oceanographic mission.

FREIRE, Luciano Ondir. Specification and design methodology applied to mobile nuclear power plant... more FREIRE, Luciano Ondir. Specification and design methodology applied to mobile nuclear power plants. 2018. 180p. Tese (Doutorado em tecnologia nuclear)-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN-CNEN/SP. São Paulo. The importance of design methodologies has been growing in recent years as complex socio-technical systems become more common. In addition to complexity, the size and financial investment of these systems amplifies the severity of design errors. The general goal of this work was to develop a specification and design methodology that reduces the time and energy to develop a complex system whose functions are known a priori, managing the risks in parallel. The specific goal was to verify if small modular reactors could be economically possible. This work adopted as principle the Constructal law, that predicts the success of systems that ease the necessary flows to its existence. After finding the key factors to ease the flow of information, this work developed a set of concepts to ease the engineering work. Applying such concepts, this work developed sequences of activities that describe the proposed methodology. Lists of requirements gave guidance for each activity. Event tree and fault tree analyses showed the advantages of the proposed methodology. Using the methodology, this work developed specifications and designs at many product breakdown levels (enterprise, nuclear power plant, nuclear steam supply system, reactor coolant system and steam generator). Using data from US Navy, this work developed a cost model for small reactors. This work concluded that nuclear power may be competitive if average electrical power extracted during the life is larger than 30 MWe and if life time is superior to 60 years. The first condition is consequence of the high overnight costs of nuclear power. The second is consequence of the strong scale economy effects of pressurized water reactors.