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Papers by Luis Alejandro Vivanco

Healthcare

Inter-professional collaboration, empathy and lifelong learning, components of medical profession... more Inter-professional collaboration, empathy and lifelong learning, components of medical professionalism, have been associated with occupational well-being in physicians. However, it is not clear whether this role persists in adverse working conditions. This study was performed to assess whether this is the case. These three abilities, and the self-perception of somatization, exhaustion and work alienation, were measured in a sample of 60 physicians working in a hospital declared to be in an institutional emergency. A multiple regression model explained 40% of the variability of exhaustion, with a large effect size (Cohen’s-f2 = 0.64), based on a linear relationship with teamwork (p = 0.01), and more dedication to academic (p < 0.001) and management activities (p < 0.003). Neither somatization nor alienation were predicted by empathy or lifelong learning abilities. Somatization, exhaustion, or alienation scores either explained empathy, inter-professional collaboration or lifelo...

Enfermeria clinica, Jan 3, 2017

Empathy has been described as an essential competence of healthcare professionals who are working... more Empathy has been described as an essential competence of healthcare professionals who are working in palliative care and homecare services. In these services, usually accompanied by a high risk of physical and emotional burnout, empathy can play an important role in the improvement of occupational wellbeing. The aim of this study was to confirm the role of empathy in the prevention of loneliness and burn out, and in the promotion of life satisfaction. In 2016, an observational study was carried out in Chile with professional nurses who were working in palliative care and homecare services. Empathy with the patients, loneliness, life satisfaction, and burnout were measured using psychometric scales. Correlation analyses were applied to confirm relationships among the elements measured. In a sample of 64 participants, positive correlations were confirmed between empathy and life satisfaction (P = 0.40; p = 0.003), and between empathy and professional experience (P = 0.29; p = 0.04). O...

Frontiers in Psychology, 2017

Context: Empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning are described as key elements of professionalis... more Context: Empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning are described as key elements of professionalism. The first recipients of their benefits are professionals themselves. Paradoxically, scarce studies have reported association between professionalism and occupational well-being. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the influence that empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning, play in the occupational wellbeing of physicians and nurses working in Latin American healthcare institutions. Materials and Methods: The Jefferson Scale of Empathy, the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, the Jefferson Scale of Physicians Lifelong Learning, and the Scale of Collateral Effects (somatization, exhaustion, and work alienation), were administered to 522 physicians and nurses working in institutions of Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina. Internal reliability was calculated. Gender and discipline were used as explanatory variables in comparison analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to examine differences due to the main effects of the gender, and discipline, and to determine possible combined effects. Correlation analysis was performed to measure associations between collateral effects and age, and between collateral effects and professionalism. Results: A total of 353 (68%) surveys were returned fully completed. Adequate reliability was confirmed in all instruments. No differences were found among countries for collateral effects. Correlation analysis confirmed in physicians an inverse association between empathy and collateral effects (P =-0.16; p < 0.05), and between collateral effects and lifelong learning (P =-0.18; p < 0.01). In nurses, this association was confirmed only for empathy (P =-0.19; p < 0.05). Important differences in the development of professionalism and in its effects on occupational well-being appeared associated to inter-professional collaboration and work roles. An inverse correlation between age and collateral effects was confirmed in physicians (P =-0.22; p < 0.001) and in nurses (P =-28; p < 0.001). Comparison by gender confirmed higher somatization in women physicians and nurses than in men groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, comparison by discipline confirmed higher exhaustion and alienation in physicians than in nurses (p < 0.01).

Revista De Occidente, 1970

Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos, 1976

Frontiers in Psychology, 2016

Medical educators agree that empathy is essential for physicians' professionalism. The Health Pro... more Medical educators agree that empathy is essential for physicians' professionalism. The Health Professional Version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE-HP) was developed in response to a need for a psychometrically sound instrument to measure empathy in the context of patient care. Although extensive support for its validity and reliability is available, the authors recognize the necessity to examine psychometrics of the JSE-HP in different socio-cultural contexts to assure the psychometric soundness of this instrument. The first aim of this study was to confirm its psychometric properties in the cross-cultural context of Spain and Latin American countries. The second aim was to measure the influence of social and cultural factors on the development of medical empathy in health practitioners. Methods: The original English version of the JSE-HP was translated into International Spanish using back-translation procedures. The Spanish version of the JSE-HP was administered to 896 physicians from Spain and 13 Latin American countries. Data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) with oblique rotation (promax) to allow for correlation among the resulting factors, followed by a second analysis, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Two theoretical models, one based on the English JSE-HP and another on the first Spanish student version of the JSE (JSE-S), were tested. Demographic variables were compared using group comparisons. Results: A total of 715 (80%) surveys were returned fully completed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the JSE for the entire sample was 0.84. The psychometric properties of the Spanish JSE-HP matched those of the original English JSE-HP. However, the Spanish JSE-S model proved more appropriate than the original English model for the sample in this study. Group comparisons among physicians classified by gender, medical specialties, cultural and cross-cultural backgrounds yielded statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). Alcorta-Garza et al. Medical Empathy: Cross-Cultural Study Conclusions: The findings support the underlying factor structure of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE). The results reveal the importance of culture in the development of medical empathy. The cross-cultural differences described could open gates for further lines of medical education research.

Goya Revista De Arte, 1954

Miguel Hernandez Exposicion La Sombra Vencida 1910 2010 Vol 2 Jose Carlos Rovira Soler Claudia Comes Pena 2010 Isbn 978 84 92827 93 0 Pags 82 85, 2010

Revista De Filosofia, Dec 1, 2007

Cuadernos De Bioetica, 2010

El Ciervo Revista Mensual De Pensamiento Y Cultura, 1977

Revista De Filosofia, 1997

Background. Professionalism stands out as the principal aim of modern medicine. We believe it can... more Background. Professionalism stands out as the principal aim of modern medicine. We believe it can only be accomplished by an education based on the acquisition of both technical and ethical skills on equal conditions into the medical curricula. In Hispanic cultural context, there is still insufficient knowledge about how to efficiently strengthen ethical competences on medical students and physicians-in-training. This is a clear bioethical goal; they have to be researched in order to improve the complete training process that results on medical professionalism and patient-centered medicine in Spain and Latin American countries. Aim. Understanding the evolution of the ethical behavior of physicians-in-training is the purpose of this study. Three core areas will be assessed: the development of professionalism, the progress of ethical erosion, and the training background on medical ethics and bioethics. Design. The study was designed to follow the progress of 477 physicians-in-training...

Señor editor: El aborto es siempre materia de fuertes debates, pero pocas veces se ven estudios c... more Señor editor: El aborto es siempre materia de fuertes debates, pero pocas veces se ven estudios científicos serios sobre las consecuencias que se derivan de dicha intervención. Dado el importante interés que este tema tiene en el ámbito bioético, me parece pertinente poner en el conocimiento de la amplia comunidad académica suscrita a la revista Persona y Bioética uno de los estudios más completos y de más reciente publicación en esta materia. Se trata de una revisión científica publicada en la edición de septiembre de la revista British Journal of Psychiatry. El estudio, un metaanálisis, lleva por título "Aborto y salud mental: síntesis cuantitativa y análisis de investigaciones entre 1995 y el 2009", y ha sido desarrollado por la doctora Priscilla Coleman, de la Bowling Green State University (EE. UU.). En él se recoge una muestra de 22 estudios previos en los que se han valorado 36 tipos de enfermeda-des mentales para una muestra total de 877.181 mujeres (163.831 de las...