Luis David - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Luis David
Animals, May 9, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The present study addressed the effect of three soil pH correction in the agronomic performance o... more The present study addressed the effect of three soil pH correction in the agronomic performance of green peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), variety Tropical Irazu in the parish of Pablo Arenas, Urcuqui Canton, Imbabura province, located 40 km the provincial capital and 174 of the Ecuadorian capital located in the geographic coordinates of latitude 00 ° 30 '15'' and longitude 78 ° 11' and 2.377 meters, with the aim of evaluating the effect of different pH regulators in each a dose of treatments, assess the physiological effects of pH regulators on growth and yield of pepper and analyzing economic treatments. The design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications with a total of 30 experimental units. The experimental area was full with 1.525 m2, each plot was 20 m2 and a useful area of 9.6 m2, the separation between replicates and plots was 1 m. Variables were evaluated: soil pH 60 and 90 days after transplantation, effective pH regulators, plant height of 60-90 and 120 days after transplantation, stem to 60-90 and 120 days after transplantation, number of fruits per plant, length and diameter of fruits, yield.
8th IAHR World Congress - "Water: Connecting the World", Sep 1, 2019
British Poultry Science, Jun 28, 2021
ABSTRACT 1. The apparent ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility coefficients of two limestone sources i... more ABSTRACT 1. The apparent ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility coefficients of two limestone sources in growing broilers and layers were determined in two separate experiments. 2. In each experiment, two maize-based diets were developed with two limestone sources (A, experiment 1 and B, experiment 2) to contain either 8.0 g/kg Ca for broilers or 40 g/kg Ca for layers. The two sources differed in particle size, with limestone A being finer and limestone B being coarser. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to six replicate cages and offered for 3 days from 19 to 21-day post-hatch to broilers and during 40 weeks of age to layers. The total tract Ca retention was also measured using the indicator ratios in the diet and excreta. 3. In both experiments, the apparent ileal Ca digestibility, gizzard pH and gizzard Ca concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in layers than in broilers. The apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of limestone A for broilers and layers was 0.50 and 0.62, respectively. The corresponding values for limestone B were 0.43 and 0.70, respectively. The apparent total tract retention of Ca was similar (P > 0.05) between broilers and layers in both experiments, and between the two sources. 4. The data show that the layers are more efficient in absorbing Ca from limestone than broilers.
Le projet de réhabilitation de la station d'épuration d'Alcântara consiste à élaborer un système ... more Le projet de réhabilitation de la station d'épuration d'Alcântara consiste à élaborer un système de décantation physicochimique pour traiter les écoulements des eaux pluviales et de ruissellement. L'évaluation des rejets urbains de temps de pluie a été effectuée pour différentes capacités de traitement avec un modèle simplifié pour simuler une série historique de précipitations. Le bassin versant d'Alcântara, le plus grand de Lisbonne, a été conceptualisé par deux sous-bassins en parallèle, l'un pour simuler la réponse rapide et l'autre la réponse plus lente du bassin. La période de surveillance n'a pas été suffisamment longue pour permettre de simuler la variation du débit de base. Le modèle reproduit assez bien le comportement du débit mesuré, nonobstant sa simplicité. Dans tous les cas, les résultats doivent être analysés avec précaution, notamment à cause des incertitudes des données mesurées et de l'information insuffisante sur le débit de base. Ce modèle a permis la simulation d'une série de précipitations sur 19 ans, pour six scénarios différents. Les résultats indiquent des réductions très significatives du volume, de la fréquence et de la durée des rejets de temps de pluie avec l'augmentation de la capacité de traitement. Ces réductions sont plus prononcées pour la saison balnéaire que pour le reste de l'année, une contribution assez importante pour la protection des usages récréatifs dans l'estuaire du Tage.
Springer eBooks, 2000
The rehabilitation of large urban catchments is a complex duty that involves multidisciplinary te... more The rehabilitation of large urban catchments is a complex duty that involves multidisciplinary teams, requires large investments and causes strong social and urban impacts. Therefore, the definition of a rehabilitation strategy plays a very important role and should be based on the integrated analysis of the entire catchment.
Poultry Science, Nov 1, 2022
Animal Feed Science and Technology, May 1, 2020
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of age on the apparent ileal ca... more The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of age on the apparent ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility of limestone for broiler chickens. Six treatment groups of different ages, namely days 1-7, 8-14, 15-21, 22-28, 29-35 and 36-42, were utilised. A maize-based diet (crude protein, 79 g/kg) containing limestone as the sole Ca source and, supplying 9.0 g/kg Ca, was fed to six replicate cages of broilers during each of the six periods. The birds were fed a commercial broiler starter diet until the introduction of the assay diet, except the day 1-7 age group. Ileal digesta were collected on day 7 (twelve birds per cage), 14 (ten birds per cage), 21 (eight birds per cage), 28 (six birds per cage), 35 (six birds per cage) or 42 (six birds per cage). A secondary objective was to examine the influence of dietary protein content on Ca digestibility. An additional diet containing a crude protein content of 153 g/kg was developed and fed to six replicate cages (eight birds per cage) from day 15 to 21 post-hatch. The birds in the age group of 15-21 days and fed the 79 g/kg crude protein diet served as the control treatment. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was included in all diets as an indigestible marker for apparent ileal digestibility measurements. Total tract Ca retention, pH of gizzard digesta and relative weights of gizzard and gizzard digesta were also measured. Apparent ileal Ca digestibility coefficients declined linearly (P < 0.001) with advancing age, from 0.51 at day 7 to 0.27 at day 42. Ca retention coefficients declined quadratically (P < 0.01) with advancing age, from 0.56 at day 7 to 0.30 at day 28 and then plateaued. Age quadratically (P < 0.01) affected the gizzard pH where the pH declined from day 7 to 21 and then increased. Relative weights of gizzard and gizzard digesta were quadratically decreased (P < 0.001) with advancing age. Increasing the dietary protein content had no effect (P > 0.05) on the apparent ileal digestibility and retention of Ca. Increasing dietary protein had no effect (P > 0.05) on the relative weights of gizzard and gizzard digesta. In conclusion, the present results showed that the Ca digestibility of limestone in broilers, fed a maize-based diet with limestone supplying 9 g/kg Ca, declined with advancing age.
British Poultry Science, Dec 16, 2020
True ileal calcium digestibility in soybean meal and canola meal, and true ileal phosphorous dige... more True ileal calcium digestibility in soybean meal and canola meal, and true ileal phosphorous digestibility in maize-soybean meal and maize-canola meal diets, without
Poultry Science, Nov 1, 2022
Czech Journal of Animal Science, May 31, 2008
Fat thickness including skin and muscle depth measured on the left carcass side between the secon... more Fat thickness including skin and muscle depth measured on the left carcass side between the second and third from the last rib 70 mm off the dorsal midline were measured in a total of 168 pig hybrid carcasses. The lean meat content was then determined on the basis of simplified dissections of the carcasses. Multiple regressions of the measurements of the fat and muscle thickness on the lean meat content obtained by dissections were used to construct the following basic regression formulae for the ultrasound and probe apparatuses: y IS-D-05 = 60.69798-0.89211S IS-D-05 + 0.10560M IS-D-05 and y IS-D-15 = 60.92452-0.77248S IS-D-15 + 0.11329M IS-D-15 , respectively. To increase the accuracy of the prediction formulae, additional measures were included in the calculation which reduced s e by 0.48 to 0.54 percent points. The relationships between the lean meat content and other indicators of carcass value were also assessed. The highest correlation coefficient was determined in the ratio of the fat cover area above the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) to the MLLT area (r =-0.87). On the contrary, the lean meat content demonstrated the lowest correlation with the cold carcass weight (r =-0.25). Major carcass cuts (ham, loin, shoulder, belly with bones) from the carcasses classified in different SEUROP classes were evaluated. Significant differences between the classes were found in the proportions of cuts without fat cover, fat thickness measured at point "P 2 ", and fat thickness measured on the midline plane separating the left and right sides of the carcass.
Hydrology, May 12, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Agrieast (Chenkalady), Nov 22, 2017
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction on the performance ... more A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction on the performance and the production cost of broiler chickens. A total of 120, Indian River, day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four dietary treatment groups such as 100% diet as control treatment and 90%, 80% and 70% diets, in floor pens. All treatments were replicated thrice with 10 birds each in a Completely Randomized Design. Broiler chickens were fed broiler starter diet from day 1 to day 21 and broiler finisher diet from day 22 to day 42. The results revealed that the body weight gain in the birds fed with 90% diet was significantly higher than those of control diet during finisher and overall phases and vice-versa during starter period. The feed intakes of birds were significantly decreased with the severity of feed restriction during all periods. However, significantly the lowest overall feed conversion ratio was reported in the birds fed with 70% diet. Furthermore, higher relative liver and lung weights were observed in the control treatment while they had lower relative heart weight. The spleen was significantly increased in the birds fed with 90% diet. It could be concluded that giving 90% of the recommended diet to the broiler chickens increases growth, immunity and income.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the methods of full and simplified carcass dissection... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the methods of full and simplified carcass dissections used for the prediction of pig carcass lean meat contents in the Czech Republic. A total of 40 commercially fattened pigs (20 gilts and 20 barrows) were included in the experiment. Carcass dissections were performed 24 h post mortem. Three different methods were used to estimate carcass lean meat contents and the differences between the methods were analysed. The average weight of left halfcarcasses was 44.39 kg. The lean meat contents determined by full detailed dissections (I), simplified dissections (II) and using a new reference method (III) were 56.25, 56.46 and 59.02 %, respectively. The difference between the methods I and II was small and statistically insignificant. However, the average lean meat content determined by the method III differed from those determined by the methods I and II by 2.77 and 2.56 percentage points, respectively. This increased estimate of the lean meat content using the method III is related to a new prediction equation introduced by the European Commission in 2008.
Budhi: A Journal of Ideas and Culture, Dec 1, 2010
This paper applicable for the practical part of the exam grade complexivo character report covers... more This paper applicable for the practical part of the exam grade complexivo character report covers the work of planning the implementation of RIPng routing using the graphical emulation tool GNS3 networks, ensuring minimal impact during the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 of the telecommunications company CONRAP, for this a test environment on GNS3 was made, emulating the network topology of the company CONRAP which has 3 Cisco routers at sites of Cuenca, Azogues and Machala respectively, these are interconnected by serial links with PPP; Azogues sites and customers Machala 2 teams must use the http service provided by a server in the Cuenca site are located; all this work under communication platforms IPv4 and IPv6 network, operating in dual-stack; IPv6 routing packets are performed by RIPng using the Certiv6, LACNIC methodology which allows to develop and evaluate tests for IPv6 environments through five distinct stages: planning, design, configuration, implementation and evaluation of evidence. In applying this methodology it was found that for network CONRAP, RIPng is a good alternative routing, because the amount of equipment that CONRAP has between terminal nodes is below the maximum limit that supports RIPng to account for its metric, in the calculation of the best route. RIPng has a simple configuration and great flexibility of topology changes. RIPng use in networks with few numbers of hops between nodes in IPv6 terminals (maximum 15) is recommended, and topologies where the connection status is not a priority when determining the best route.
According to the Czech legislation, two authorised methods may be applied for grading pig carcass... more According to the Czech legislation, two authorised methods may be applied for grading pig carcasses with the classification apparatus UFOM 300. These methods were used to evaluate the set of pig carcasses (n=844). Measurements on the carcass were performed both before and after evisceration. The differences between obtained characteristics were not significant when the entire set of carcasses was analysed. Similar results were also observed in the most frequent carcass weight category 80-100 kg and in quality grade E. The greatest differences in lean meat content were found in the weight category 100-120 kg and in quality grade R characterised by the lean meat content ranging from 45 to 49.9 %.
Agrieast (Chenkalady), Jan 3, 2018
A research study was carried out to evaluate the effects of boric acid amended chopped paddy stra... more A research study was carried out to evaluate the effects of boric acid amended chopped paddy straw and paddy husk on performance of broiler chickens. Total of 120, day-old, broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups; CS= birds raised in chopped paddy straw, PH=birds raised in paddy husk, CS+H 3 BO 3 =birds raised in boric acid treated chopped paddy straw and PH+H 3 BO 3 =birds raised in boric acid treated paddy husk, with three replicates of ten birds each. The birds were fed with commercial diets. Boric acid was applied to the litter surface at the rate of 0.4 kg/9.3 m 2 in weekly basis. Body weight gain and feed consumption were recorded weekly and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. On day 42, the carcass characteristics and the relative organ weights were measured. The birds raised on boric acid amended chopped straw and paddy husk had significantly increased (p<0.05) overall body weight gains, feed consumption, live body weight and carcass weight over the untreated groups. The FCR of birds kept on boric acid treated chopped straw was significantly (p<0.05) lower than untreated chopped straw and paddy husk. The dressing percentage was lowest (p<0.05) in the birds kept on untreated chopped straw than others. The birds raised on untreated chopped straw had higher (p<0.05) spleen weight and lower gizzard weight than those of untreated paddy husk regardless of boric acid amendment. Therefore, the boric acid amendment to chopped straw and paddy husk increases the growth performance of broiler chickens.
This essay presents the history of the Karen refuge situation on the Burmese border with Thailand... more This essay presents the history of the Karen refuge situation on the Burmese border with Thailand. It goes on to discuss the implications of UNHCR-constituted refugee presences for the sovereignty of states such as Burma and Thailand. And finally, it asks from a philosophical perspective, the question: what is a refugee?
Animals, May 9, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The present study addressed the effect of three soil pH correction in the agronomic performance o... more The present study addressed the effect of three soil pH correction in the agronomic performance of green peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), variety Tropical Irazu in the parish of Pablo Arenas, Urcuqui Canton, Imbabura province, located 40 km the provincial capital and 174 of the Ecuadorian capital located in the geographic coordinates of latitude 00 ° 30 '15'' and longitude 78 ° 11' and 2.377 meters, with the aim of evaluating the effect of different pH regulators in each a dose of treatments, assess the physiological effects of pH regulators on growth and yield of pepper and analyzing economic treatments. The design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications with a total of 30 experimental units. The experimental area was full with 1.525 m2, each plot was 20 m2 and a useful area of 9.6 m2, the separation between replicates and plots was 1 m. Variables were evaluated: soil pH 60 and 90 days after transplantation, effective pH regulators, plant height of 60-90 and 120 days after transplantation, stem to 60-90 and 120 days after transplantation, number of fruits per plant, length and diameter of fruits, yield.
8th IAHR World Congress - "Water: Connecting the World", Sep 1, 2019
British Poultry Science, Jun 28, 2021
ABSTRACT 1. The apparent ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility coefficients of two limestone sources i... more ABSTRACT 1. The apparent ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility coefficients of two limestone sources in growing broilers and layers were determined in two separate experiments. 2. In each experiment, two maize-based diets were developed with two limestone sources (A, experiment 1 and B, experiment 2) to contain either 8.0 g/kg Ca for broilers or 40 g/kg Ca for layers. The two sources differed in particle size, with limestone A being finer and limestone B being coarser. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to six replicate cages and offered for 3 days from 19 to 21-day post-hatch to broilers and during 40 weeks of age to layers. The total tract Ca retention was also measured using the indicator ratios in the diet and excreta. 3. In both experiments, the apparent ileal Ca digestibility, gizzard pH and gizzard Ca concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in layers than in broilers. The apparent ileal digestibility coefficient of limestone A for broilers and layers was 0.50 and 0.62, respectively. The corresponding values for limestone B were 0.43 and 0.70, respectively. The apparent total tract retention of Ca was similar (P > 0.05) between broilers and layers in both experiments, and between the two sources. 4. The data show that the layers are more efficient in absorbing Ca from limestone than broilers.
Le projet de réhabilitation de la station d'épuration d'Alcântara consiste à élaborer un système ... more Le projet de réhabilitation de la station d'épuration d'Alcântara consiste à élaborer un système de décantation physicochimique pour traiter les écoulements des eaux pluviales et de ruissellement. L'évaluation des rejets urbains de temps de pluie a été effectuée pour différentes capacités de traitement avec un modèle simplifié pour simuler une série historique de précipitations. Le bassin versant d'Alcântara, le plus grand de Lisbonne, a été conceptualisé par deux sous-bassins en parallèle, l'un pour simuler la réponse rapide et l'autre la réponse plus lente du bassin. La période de surveillance n'a pas été suffisamment longue pour permettre de simuler la variation du débit de base. Le modèle reproduit assez bien le comportement du débit mesuré, nonobstant sa simplicité. Dans tous les cas, les résultats doivent être analysés avec précaution, notamment à cause des incertitudes des données mesurées et de l'information insuffisante sur le débit de base. Ce modèle a permis la simulation d'une série de précipitations sur 19 ans, pour six scénarios différents. Les résultats indiquent des réductions très significatives du volume, de la fréquence et de la durée des rejets de temps de pluie avec l'augmentation de la capacité de traitement. Ces réductions sont plus prononcées pour la saison balnéaire que pour le reste de l'année, une contribution assez importante pour la protection des usages récréatifs dans l'estuaire du Tage.
Springer eBooks, 2000
The rehabilitation of large urban catchments is a complex duty that involves multidisciplinary te... more The rehabilitation of large urban catchments is a complex duty that involves multidisciplinary teams, requires large investments and causes strong social and urban impacts. Therefore, the definition of a rehabilitation strategy plays a very important role and should be based on the integrated analysis of the entire catchment.
Poultry Science, Nov 1, 2022
Animal Feed Science and Technology, May 1, 2020
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of age on the apparent ileal ca... more The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of age on the apparent ileal calcium (Ca) digestibility of limestone for broiler chickens. Six treatment groups of different ages, namely days 1-7, 8-14, 15-21, 22-28, 29-35 and 36-42, were utilised. A maize-based diet (crude protein, 79 g/kg) containing limestone as the sole Ca source and, supplying 9.0 g/kg Ca, was fed to six replicate cages of broilers during each of the six periods. The birds were fed a commercial broiler starter diet until the introduction of the assay diet, except the day 1-7 age group. Ileal digesta were collected on day 7 (twelve birds per cage), 14 (ten birds per cage), 21 (eight birds per cage), 28 (six birds per cage), 35 (six birds per cage) or 42 (six birds per cage). A secondary objective was to examine the influence of dietary protein content on Ca digestibility. An additional diet containing a crude protein content of 153 g/kg was developed and fed to six replicate cages (eight birds per cage) from day 15 to 21 post-hatch. The birds in the age group of 15-21 days and fed the 79 g/kg crude protein diet served as the control treatment. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was included in all diets as an indigestible marker for apparent ileal digestibility measurements. Total tract Ca retention, pH of gizzard digesta and relative weights of gizzard and gizzard digesta were also measured. Apparent ileal Ca digestibility coefficients declined linearly (P < 0.001) with advancing age, from 0.51 at day 7 to 0.27 at day 42. Ca retention coefficients declined quadratically (P < 0.01) with advancing age, from 0.56 at day 7 to 0.30 at day 28 and then plateaued. Age quadratically (P < 0.01) affected the gizzard pH where the pH declined from day 7 to 21 and then increased. Relative weights of gizzard and gizzard digesta were quadratically decreased (P < 0.001) with advancing age. Increasing the dietary protein content had no effect (P > 0.05) on the apparent ileal digestibility and retention of Ca. Increasing dietary protein had no effect (P > 0.05) on the relative weights of gizzard and gizzard digesta. In conclusion, the present results showed that the Ca digestibility of limestone in broilers, fed a maize-based diet with limestone supplying 9 g/kg Ca, declined with advancing age.
British Poultry Science, Dec 16, 2020
True ileal calcium digestibility in soybean meal and canola meal, and true ileal phosphorous dige... more True ileal calcium digestibility in soybean meal and canola meal, and true ileal phosphorous digestibility in maize-soybean meal and maize-canola meal diets, without
Poultry Science, Nov 1, 2022
Czech Journal of Animal Science, May 31, 2008
Fat thickness including skin and muscle depth measured on the left carcass side between the secon... more Fat thickness including skin and muscle depth measured on the left carcass side between the second and third from the last rib 70 mm off the dorsal midline were measured in a total of 168 pig hybrid carcasses. The lean meat content was then determined on the basis of simplified dissections of the carcasses. Multiple regressions of the measurements of the fat and muscle thickness on the lean meat content obtained by dissections were used to construct the following basic regression formulae for the ultrasound and probe apparatuses: y IS-D-05 = 60.69798-0.89211S IS-D-05 + 0.10560M IS-D-05 and y IS-D-15 = 60.92452-0.77248S IS-D-15 + 0.11329M IS-D-15 , respectively. To increase the accuracy of the prediction formulae, additional measures were included in the calculation which reduced s e by 0.48 to 0.54 percent points. The relationships between the lean meat content and other indicators of carcass value were also assessed. The highest correlation coefficient was determined in the ratio of the fat cover area above the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) to the MLLT area (r =-0.87). On the contrary, the lean meat content demonstrated the lowest correlation with the cold carcass weight (r =-0.25). Major carcass cuts (ham, loin, shoulder, belly with bones) from the carcasses classified in different SEUROP classes were evaluated. Significant differences between the classes were found in the proportions of cuts without fat cover, fat thickness measured at point "P 2 ", and fat thickness measured on the midline plane separating the left and right sides of the carcass.
Hydrology, May 12, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Agrieast (Chenkalady), Nov 22, 2017
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction on the performance ... more A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction on the performance and the production cost of broiler chickens. A total of 120, Indian River, day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four dietary treatment groups such as 100% diet as control treatment and 90%, 80% and 70% diets, in floor pens. All treatments were replicated thrice with 10 birds each in a Completely Randomized Design. Broiler chickens were fed broiler starter diet from day 1 to day 21 and broiler finisher diet from day 22 to day 42. The results revealed that the body weight gain in the birds fed with 90% diet was significantly higher than those of control diet during finisher and overall phases and vice-versa during starter period. The feed intakes of birds were significantly decreased with the severity of feed restriction during all periods. However, significantly the lowest overall feed conversion ratio was reported in the birds fed with 70% diet. Furthermore, higher relative liver and lung weights were observed in the control treatment while they had lower relative heart weight. The spleen was significantly increased in the birds fed with 90% diet. It could be concluded that giving 90% of the recommended diet to the broiler chickens increases growth, immunity and income.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the methods of full and simplified carcass dissection... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the methods of full and simplified carcass dissections used for the prediction of pig carcass lean meat contents in the Czech Republic. A total of 40 commercially fattened pigs (20 gilts and 20 barrows) were included in the experiment. Carcass dissections were performed 24 h post mortem. Three different methods were used to estimate carcass lean meat contents and the differences between the methods were analysed. The average weight of left halfcarcasses was 44.39 kg. The lean meat contents determined by full detailed dissections (I), simplified dissections (II) and using a new reference method (III) were 56.25, 56.46 and 59.02 %, respectively. The difference between the methods I and II was small and statistically insignificant. However, the average lean meat content determined by the method III differed from those determined by the methods I and II by 2.77 and 2.56 percentage points, respectively. This increased estimate of the lean meat content using the method III is related to a new prediction equation introduced by the European Commission in 2008.
Budhi: A Journal of Ideas and Culture, Dec 1, 2010
This paper applicable for the practical part of the exam grade complexivo character report covers... more This paper applicable for the practical part of the exam grade complexivo character report covers the work of planning the implementation of RIPng routing using the graphical emulation tool GNS3 networks, ensuring minimal impact during the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 of the telecommunications company CONRAP, for this a test environment on GNS3 was made, emulating the network topology of the company CONRAP which has 3 Cisco routers at sites of Cuenca, Azogues and Machala respectively, these are interconnected by serial links with PPP; Azogues sites and customers Machala 2 teams must use the http service provided by a server in the Cuenca site are located; all this work under communication platforms IPv4 and IPv6 network, operating in dual-stack; IPv6 routing packets are performed by RIPng using the Certiv6, LACNIC methodology which allows to develop and evaluate tests for IPv6 environments through five distinct stages: planning, design, configuration, implementation and evaluation of evidence. In applying this methodology it was found that for network CONRAP, RIPng is a good alternative routing, because the amount of equipment that CONRAP has between terminal nodes is below the maximum limit that supports RIPng to account for its metric, in the calculation of the best route. RIPng has a simple configuration and great flexibility of topology changes. RIPng use in networks with few numbers of hops between nodes in IPv6 terminals (maximum 15) is recommended, and topologies where the connection status is not a priority when determining the best route.
According to the Czech legislation, two authorised methods may be applied for grading pig carcass... more According to the Czech legislation, two authorised methods may be applied for grading pig carcasses with the classification apparatus UFOM 300. These methods were used to evaluate the set of pig carcasses (n=844). Measurements on the carcass were performed both before and after evisceration. The differences between obtained characteristics were not significant when the entire set of carcasses was analysed. Similar results were also observed in the most frequent carcass weight category 80-100 kg and in quality grade E. The greatest differences in lean meat content were found in the weight category 100-120 kg and in quality grade R characterised by the lean meat content ranging from 45 to 49.9 %.
Agrieast (Chenkalady), Jan 3, 2018
A research study was carried out to evaluate the effects of boric acid amended chopped paddy stra... more A research study was carried out to evaluate the effects of boric acid amended chopped paddy straw and paddy husk on performance of broiler chickens. Total of 120, day-old, broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups; CS= birds raised in chopped paddy straw, PH=birds raised in paddy husk, CS+H 3 BO 3 =birds raised in boric acid treated chopped paddy straw and PH+H 3 BO 3 =birds raised in boric acid treated paddy husk, with three replicates of ten birds each. The birds were fed with commercial diets. Boric acid was applied to the litter surface at the rate of 0.4 kg/9.3 m 2 in weekly basis. Body weight gain and feed consumption were recorded weekly and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. On day 42, the carcass characteristics and the relative organ weights were measured. The birds raised on boric acid amended chopped straw and paddy husk had significantly increased (p<0.05) overall body weight gains, feed consumption, live body weight and carcass weight over the untreated groups. The FCR of birds kept on boric acid treated chopped straw was significantly (p<0.05) lower than untreated chopped straw and paddy husk. The dressing percentage was lowest (p<0.05) in the birds kept on untreated chopped straw than others. The birds raised on untreated chopped straw had higher (p<0.05) spleen weight and lower gizzard weight than those of untreated paddy husk regardless of boric acid amendment. Therefore, the boric acid amendment to chopped straw and paddy husk increases the growth performance of broiler chickens.
This essay presents the history of the Karen refuge situation on the Burmese border with Thailand... more This essay presents the history of the Karen refuge situation on the Burmese border with Thailand. It goes on to discuss the implications of UNHCR-constituted refugee presences for the sovereignty of states such as Burma and Thailand. And finally, it asks from a philosophical perspective, the question: what is a refugee?