Luis Muñoz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Luis Muñoz

COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2013

Our aim was to describe the population-based distribution of several COPD multi-dimensional indic... more Our aim was to describe the population-based distribution of several COPD multi-dimensional indices and to evaluate their relationship with daily physical activity, co-morbidity, health status and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. From a population-based sample of 3,802 subjects aged 40-80 from the EPI-SCAN study, 382 subjects (10.2%) with a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<0.7 were identified as COPD. Smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, quality of life, co-morbidities, lung function and inflammatory biomarkers were recorded. Health status and daily physical activity were assessed using the EQ-5D and LCADL questionnaires, respectively. The new GOLD grading and the BODE, ADO, DOSE, modified DOSE, e-BODE, BODEx, CPI, SAFE and HRS indices were determined. A notable dispersion in the total scores was observed, although 83-88% of the COPD patients were classified into the mildest level and 1-3% in the most severe. The SAFE index was the best independent determinant of daily physical activity; the SAFE and ADO indices were associated with presence of co-morbidity; and the SAFE and modified DOSE indices were independently related to health status. The systemic biomarkers showed a less consistent relation with several indices. In a population-based sample of COPD patients, the SAFE index reaches the highest relation with physical activity, co-morbidity and health status.

Respiratory Research, 2010

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwid... more Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low-grade systemic inflammation is considered a hallmark of COPD that potentially links COPD to increased rate of systemic manifestations of the disease. Obesity with/without the metabolic syndrome and cachexia represent two poles of metabolic abnormalities that may relate to systemic inflammation. On one hand systemic inflammatory syndrome likely reflects inflammation in the lungs, i.e. results from lung-to plasma spillover of inflammatory mediators. On the other hand, obesity-related hypoxia results in local inflammatory response within adipose tissue per se, and may contribute to elevations in circulatory mediators by spillover from the adipose tissue to the systemic compartment. The extent to which systemic hypoxia contributes to the adipose tissue inflammation remains unknown. We assume that in patients with COPD and concurrent obesity at least three factors play a role in the systemic inflammatory syndrome: the severity of pulmonary impairment, the degree of obesity-related adipose tissue hypoxia, and the severity of systemic hypoxia due to reduced pulmonary functions. The present review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical evidence linking COPD to obesity, the role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, and the role of hypoxia in adipose tissue inflammation.

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1993

A marked temperature dependence of the 13C and 15N chemical shifts of 3-hydroxypyridine in D2O (p... more A marked temperature dependence of the 13C and 15N chemical shifts of 3-hydroxypyridine in D2O (pD = 7.0) was observed. This dependence is explained in terms of thermally induced equilibrium shifts between the neutral form and the zwitterionic form of 3-hydroxypyridine. A method was developed to characterize the thermodynamics of the equilibria that are rapid on the NMR time scale, using the observed average 13C and 15N chemical shifts at different temperatures. This method was applied to the thermodynamics of the tautomerization equilibria of 3-hydroxypyridine. The equilibrium constants and the standard enthalpy change of the tautomerization equilibrium obtained by 13C and 15N methods agree very well with the results obtained by other spectroscopic methods.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006

Future wireless communication scenarios will be characterized by the heterogeneity in terms of co... more Future wireless communication scenarios will be characterized by the heterogeneity in terms of coexisting wireless access technologies. Many mobile terminals will support different air interfaces and in order to provide true multimode operation, the sole use of IP protocol is not enough. We present in this document the Universal Convergence Layer that residing on top of the different air interfaces offers a single interface to IP while supporting the cross-layer optimization of user data flows as well as many other key functionalities in personal networks communications. This document describes and discusses the implementation of this framework over real platforms. Furthermore, the results of the measurement campaign carried out to assess the benefits introduced by the dynamic interface selection mechanism implemented at the UCL will be also presented. The results obtained will allow us to extract conclusions about the appropriateness of the solution adopted.

Wireless Personal Communications, 2010

Mobile ad hoc networking has been a hot research topic for a decade or so, and many paradigms hav... more Mobile ad hoc networking has been a hot research topic for a decade or so, and many paradigms have been making use of it. One of these paradigms is the Personal Networks (PN). It is an emerging concept where the user's personal devices form a virtual network which is secure and private, and reacts to changing environment and context intelligently. A fundamental property of the PN is that personal devices form private multi-hop clusters in an ad hoc manner whenever they come across each other. To this end, this paper presents a pair-wise key based scheme for forming secured private clusters in mobile ad-hoc networks. The solution tackles the problem of node authentication combined with traffic encryption in relatively small ad-hoc networks using proactive neighbour discovery and authentication. Additionally, the paper proves the feasibility of this solution by means of prototyping and experimental performance analysis.

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1997

The asymmetric synthesis of the methyl ester of the natural 13-amino acid of Onchidin (2S,3S)-met... more The asymmetric synthesis of the methyl ester of the natural 13-amino acid of Onchidin (2S,3S)-methyl-3-amino-2-methyl-7-octynoate and its enantiomer is described. The preparation of an enantiomerically pure ~-hydroxy acid through an enantioselective aldol condensation reaction and an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement to form a [3-1actam intermediate are the key steps. (~) 1997

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1990

ABSTRACT

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000

A remarkable temperature dependence on the 13C NMR and 15N NMR chemical shifts of pyridoxine in w... more A remarkable temperature dependence on the 13C NMR and 15N NMR chemical shifts of pyridoxine in water (pH = 7.0) has been observed. C-3, C-6, and N-1 were the most sensitive nuclei to the temperature effect. This dependence has been explained on the basis of an equilibrium shift thermally induced between the neutral and the dipolar form of this molecule. The thermodynamic characterization of tautomeric equilibria that interconvert quickly on the NMR time scale can be carried out from the observed average 13C NMR and 15N NMR chemical shifts at different temperatures (5-90 degrees C). We have developed a new method for the estimation of the thermodynamic parameters of a given equilibrium by fitting the experimental data to a theoretical curve. This new method allows us to improve the fitting results on our previously proposed methodology. We show that there are linear correlations between the average chemical shifts obtained from different nuclei at the same temperature. This indicates that the parameters of the pure forms are related among them. We have carried out a simultaneous multiple function curve fitting of all data obtained from the most sensitive signals together using these linear correlations as restricted conditions in order to diminish the number of independent parameters to fit. To test the new methodology, we have studied the thermodynamics of the tautomeric equilibrium of pyridoxine in water. We have obtained delta H degree values ranging from -23.6 +/- 1.3 to -25.8 +/- 1.7 kJ/mol for this equilibrium depending on the used data set. This kind of methodology has, among others, the following advantages: It allows the use of a great number of experimental points from different signals in the fitting process, it yields very precise and accurate values of the tautomeric process, and it allows the resolution of the problem with only 13C NMR data in some cases saving NMR time.

Extensivo: Aprovechamiento de las condiciones naturales, se requieren de grandes extensiones de p... more Extensivo: Aprovechamiento de las condiciones naturales, se requieren de grandes extensiones de pastizales, sin embargo las ganancias de peso y la calidad de la carne resultan inferiores a los obtenidos en otros sistemas. Los animales permanecen un tiempo más prolongado para ser ofrecidos al mercado, pero el costo de producción es inferior puesto que no se requiere de mucha mano de obra, ni de concentrados y no exige costosas instalaciones.  Semi-intensivos: Tiene como base el pastoreo donde combina el engorde extensivo y el engorde intensivo, y tiene dos modalidades: 1) Suplementación: se le proporciona diariamentedeterminada cantidad de alimentos en comederos fijos en los mismos pastizales. 2) Encierro: los animales pastan medio día, y el otro medio día y toda la noche son encerrados en corrales, en donde se les alimenta con mezclas alimenticias. Intensivo: Mantiene al ganado en confinamiento por un periodo de 90 días, con una alimentación a base de raciones balanceadas especialmente preparadas. Para este sistema se requiere solo de una reducida superficie de terreno para engordar un gran número de animales en periodos de tiempo muy cortos, en este sistema los animales obtienen más peso debido a la tranquilidad, al menor ejercicio, y por ende menor desgaste de energía.

COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2013

Our aim was to describe the population-based distribution of several COPD multi-dimensional indic... more Our aim was to describe the population-based distribution of several COPD multi-dimensional indices and to evaluate their relationship with daily physical activity, co-morbidity, health status and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. From a population-based sample of 3,802 subjects aged 40-80 from the EPI-SCAN study, 382 subjects (10.2%) with a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<0.7 were identified as COPD. Smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, quality of life, co-morbidities, lung function and inflammatory biomarkers were recorded. Health status and daily physical activity were assessed using the EQ-5D and LCADL questionnaires, respectively. The new GOLD grading and the BODE, ADO, DOSE, modified DOSE, e-BODE, BODEx, CPI, SAFE and HRS indices were determined. A notable dispersion in the total scores was observed, although 83-88% of the COPD patients were classified into the mildest level and 1-3% in the most severe. The SAFE index was the best independent determinant of daily physical activity; the SAFE and ADO indices were associated with presence of co-morbidity; and the SAFE and modified DOSE indices were independently related to health status. The systemic biomarkers showed a less consistent relation with several indices. In a population-based sample of COPD patients, the SAFE index reaches the highest relation with physical activity, co-morbidity and health status.

Respiratory Research, 2010

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwid... more Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low-grade systemic inflammation is considered a hallmark of COPD that potentially links COPD to increased rate of systemic manifestations of the disease. Obesity with/without the metabolic syndrome and cachexia represent two poles of metabolic abnormalities that may relate to systemic inflammation. On one hand systemic inflammatory syndrome likely reflects inflammation in the lungs, i.e. results from lung-to plasma spillover of inflammatory mediators. On the other hand, obesity-related hypoxia results in local inflammatory response within adipose tissue per se, and may contribute to elevations in circulatory mediators by spillover from the adipose tissue to the systemic compartment. The extent to which systemic hypoxia contributes to the adipose tissue inflammation remains unknown. We assume that in patients with COPD and concurrent obesity at least three factors play a role in the systemic inflammatory syndrome: the severity of pulmonary impairment, the degree of obesity-related adipose tissue hypoxia, and the severity of systemic hypoxia due to reduced pulmonary functions. The present review summarizes the epidemiological and clinical evidence linking COPD to obesity, the role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, and the role of hypoxia in adipose tissue inflammation.

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1993

A marked temperature dependence of the 13C and 15N chemical shifts of 3-hydroxypyridine in D2O (p... more A marked temperature dependence of the 13C and 15N chemical shifts of 3-hydroxypyridine in D2O (pD = 7.0) was observed. This dependence is explained in terms of thermally induced equilibrium shifts between the neutral form and the zwitterionic form of 3-hydroxypyridine. A method was developed to characterize the thermodynamics of the equilibria that are rapid on the NMR time scale, using the observed average 13C and 15N chemical shifts at different temperatures. This method was applied to the thermodynamics of the tautomerization equilibria of 3-hydroxypyridine. The equilibrium constants and the standard enthalpy change of the tautomerization equilibrium obtained by 13C and 15N methods agree very well with the results obtained by other spectroscopic methods.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006

Future wireless communication scenarios will be characterized by the heterogeneity in terms of co... more Future wireless communication scenarios will be characterized by the heterogeneity in terms of coexisting wireless access technologies. Many mobile terminals will support different air interfaces and in order to provide true multimode operation, the sole use of IP protocol is not enough. We present in this document the Universal Convergence Layer that residing on top of the different air interfaces offers a single interface to IP while supporting the cross-layer optimization of user data flows as well as many other key functionalities in personal networks communications. This document describes and discusses the implementation of this framework over real platforms. Furthermore, the results of the measurement campaign carried out to assess the benefits introduced by the dynamic interface selection mechanism implemented at the UCL will be also presented. The results obtained will allow us to extract conclusions about the appropriateness of the solution adopted.

Wireless Personal Communications, 2010

Mobile ad hoc networking has been a hot research topic for a decade or so, and many paradigms hav... more Mobile ad hoc networking has been a hot research topic for a decade or so, and many paradigms have been making use of it. One of these paradigms is the Personal Networks (PN). It is an emerging concept where the user's personal devices form a virtual network which is secure and private, and reacts to changing environment and context intelligently. A fundamental property of the PN is that personal devices form private multi-hop clusters in an ad hoc manner whenever they come across each other. To this end, this paper presents a pair-wise key based scheme for forming secured private clusters in mobile ad-hoc networks. The solution tackles the problem of node authentication combined with traffic encryption in relatively small ad-hoc networks using proactive neighbour discovery and authentication. Additionally, the paper proves the feasibility of this solution by means of prototyping and experimental performance analysis.

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1997

The asymmetric synthesis of the methyl ester of the natural 13-amino acid of Onchidin (2S,3S)-met... more The asymmetric synthesis of the methyl ester of the natural 13-amino acid of Onchidin (2S,3S)-methyl-3-amino-2-methyl-7-octynoate and its enantiomer is described. The preparation of an enantiomerically pure ~-hydroxy acid through an enantioselective aldol condensation reaction and an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement to form a [3-1actam intermediate are the key steps. (~) 1997

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1990

ABSTRACT

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000

A remarkable temperature dependence on the 13C NMR and 15N NMR chemical shifts of pyridoxine in w... more A remarkable temperature dependence on the 13C NMR and 15N NMR chemical shifts of pyridoxine in water (pH = 7.0) has been observed. C-3, C-6, and N-1 were the most sensitive nuclei to the temperature effect. This dependence has been explained on the basis of an equilibrium shift thermally induced between the neutral and the dipolar form of this molecule. The thermodynamic characterization of tautomeric equilibria that interconvert quickly on the NMR time scale can be carried out from the observed average 13C NMR and 15N NMR chemical shifts at different temperatures (5-90 degrees C). We have developed a new method for the estimation of the thermodynamic parameters of a given equilibrium by fitting the experimental data to a theoretical curve. This new method allows us to improve the fitting results on our previously proposed methodology. We show that there are linear correlations between the average chemical shifts obtained from different nuclei at the same temperature. This indicates that the parameters of the pure forms are related among them. We have carried out a simultaneous multiple function curve fitting of all data obtained from the most sensitive signals together using these linear correlations as restricted conditions in order to diminish the number of independent parameters to fit. To test the new methodology, we have studied the thermodynamics of the tautomeric equilibrium of pyridoxine in water. We have obtained delta H degree values ranging from -23.6 +/- 1.3 to -25.8 +/- 1.7 kJ/mol for this equilibrium depending on the used data set. This kind of methodology has, among others, the following advantages: It allows the use of a great number of experimental points from different signals in the fitting process, it yields very precise and accurate values of the tautomeric process, and it allows the resolution of the problem with only 13C NMR data in some cases saving NMR time.

Extensivo: Aprovechamiento de las condiciones naturales, se requieren de grandes extensiones de p... more Extensivo: Aprovechamiento de las condiciones naturales, se requieren de grandes extensiones de pastizales, sin embargo las ganancias de peso y la calidad de la carne resultan inferiores a los obtenidos en otros sistemas. Los animales permanecen un tiempo más prolongado para ser ofrecidos al mercado, pero el costo de producción es inferior puesto que no se requiere de mucha mano de obra, ni de concentrados y no exige costosas instalaciones.  Semi-intensivos: Tiene como base el pastoreo donde combina el engorde extensivo y el engorde intensivo, y tiene dos modalidades: 1) Suplementación: se le proporciona diariamentedeterminada cantidad de alimentos en comederos fijos en los mismos pastizales. 2) Encierro: los animales pastan medio día, y el otro medio día y toda la noche son encerrados en corrales, en donde se les alimenta con mezclas alimenticias. Intensivo: Mantiene al ganado en confinamiento por un periodo de 90 días, con una alimentación a base de raciones balanceadas especialmente preparadas. Para este sistema se requiere solo de una reducida superficie de terreno para engordar un gran número de animales en periodos de tiempo muy cortos, en este sistema los animales obtienen más peso debido a la tranquilidad, al menor ejercicio, y por ende menor desgaste de energía.