Luisa Ramirez - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Luisa Ramirez
Statement of Contributions I am the sole author of Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and Chapter 7 of this diss... more Statement of Contributions I am the sole author of Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and Chapter 7 of this dissertation. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are based on manuscripts. Chapter 5 was co-authored with Scott Slocombe. Chapter 6 was co-authored with Scott Slocombe and Derek Armitage. I was the lead author for all three manuscripts. Bibliographic citations for the coauthored chapters have been included below.
Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. ... more Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. Building on this work as well as ''interactionist'' theories for understanding social behaviour from developmental and social psychology, we propose an integrative social-developmental perspective examining how lay perceivers' characteristics (e.g., age, race, psychological motivations) interact with the environments in which they are nested to impact lay theory use over time and during life transitions. Using this perspective to guide our investigation of the Protestant work ethic (PWE) and colourblind theory, we show that a single lay theory can have a socially tolerant or intolerant meaning. We review work with US children and adults (Asians, Blacks, Latinos, Whites) as well as research with Colombian children and adults (Mestizos), showing similarities and differences in perceivers' uses of PWE and the colourblind theory. Even when both meanings are prevalent in a given culture, they are not necessarily equally emphasised in all environments or for all people living in those environments, nor are they responded to in the same way by all people. We discuss the implications of these results for theorising on lay theories and offer directions for future work in this area. Like trained scientists, ordinary people seek ''to predict and control the course of events with which [they are] involved'' (Kelly, 1955, p. 5). People's naı¨ve theories ''achieve in some measure what science is supposed to achieve: an adequate description of the subject matter which makes prediction possible'' (Heider, 1958, p. 5). Kelly and Heider helped to inspire the study of people's everyday theories, which has culminated in the
The Protestant work ethic (PWE) is prevalent in many cultures. Abundant work in social psychology... more The Protestant work ethic (PWE) is prevalent in many cultures. Abundant work in social psychology, primarily in the U.S., suggests that people use PWE to justify their own prejudice and society’s differential treatment of less successful or disadvantaged persons. Recent theorizing suggests that PWE’s intergroup meaning can be influenced by people’s age, social status, and culture such that PWE not only has an intolerant or “justifier”-of-inequality meaning (disadvantaged persons deserve their disadvantage), but also a tolerant or equalizer meaning (effort is a social equalizer). The main goal of the present investigation was to show that PWE does not necessarily develop a justifier meaning within or across cultures. Past work shows that among the majority group, European Americans, PWE is positively related to egalitarianism among children but less so with increasing age, presumably because the justifier meaning becomes increasingly salient and group relevant (justifies their groups...
Universitas Psychologica, 2010
Teorías legas, son teorías del sentido común que las personas legas utilizan para explicar y pred... more Teorías legas, son teorías del sentido común que las personas legas utilizan para explicar y predecir fenómenos del su entorno. Evidencia empírica sugiere que las teorías legas impactan las relaciones intergrupales, entre otras razones, por su capacidad para promover tolerancia o rechazo hacia las minorías sociales. Este artículo revisa algunos hallazgos sobre la relación entre tres teorías legas (la Ética Protestante del Trabajo, la Creencia en un Mundo Justo y el Esencialismo Psicológico) y actitudes hacia miembros de grupos minoritarios en diversos contextos sociales y culturales, señalando el papel de algunas variables que inciden en su interpretación (características del perceptor y del contexto social y cultural), y sus implicaciones teóricas. Al hacerlo, establece la relevancia del estudio de varias teorías legas en el contexto latinoamericano destacando los escasos, pero sustanciales hallazgos en algunos países latinoamericanos, y llama la atención sobre la necesidad de empr...
Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 2019
En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, estamos cada vez más expuestos a personas y culturas divers... more En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, estamos cada vez más expuestos a personas y culturas diversas. De ahí la importancia de investigar los sistemas de creencias existentes sobre las influencias transculturales y sus consecuencias. El aumento reciente de la migración hace de Colombia un lugar particularmente interesante para el estudio de las actitudes e intenciones hacia individuos de otras culturas. Hallazgos previos en las Filipinas y Estados Unidos sugieren que la creencia en el policulturalismo —en que los diferentes grupos étnicos y raciales están conectados y se influencian mutuamente— está asociada con una variedad de actitudes positivas. Esta investigación construye sobre estos hallazgos y contribuye a la comprensión de las dinámicas con una variedad intercultural en América Latina, explorando sobre policulturalismo en un estudio transversal que incluyó 423 habitantes nativos colombianos. Encontramos que, controlando la orientación a la dominancia social, la identificación...
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2005
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2006
The authors propose that, in the US, the Protestant work ethic (PWE) relates both to social toler... more The authors propose that, in the US, the Protestant work ethic (PWE) relates both to social tolerance and intolerance. PWE is proposed to have a surface meaning that relates to social tolerance, and also an associated meaning that relates to intolerance, which is acquired in part through social and cultural experience (e.g. PWE being used as a justifier of inequality). In correlational and experimental studies, PWE was related to greater egalitarianism and desired social closeness to African Americans among younger participants (9 to 12 and 14 to 16-year-olds) relative to older participants (college students). Subsequent experiments directly manipulated college students’ interpretations of PWE, showing that those experimentally led to focus on others' use of PWE in support of their arguments (associated meaning condition) endorsed egalitarianism to a lesser extent (Study 3) and donated less money to a homeless shelter (Study 4) than did those simply focusing on the definition of...
European Review of Social Psychology, 2005
Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. ... more Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. Building on this work as well as ''interactionist'' theories for understanding social behaviour from developmental and social psychology, we propose an integrative social-developmental perspective examining how lay perceivers' characteristics (e.g., age, race, psychological motivations) interact with the environments in which they are nested to impact lay theory use over time and during life transitions. Using this perspective to guide our investigation of the Protestant work ethic (PWE) and colourblind theory, we show that a single lay theory can have a socially tolerant or intolerant meaning. We review work with US children and adults (Asians, Blacks, Latinos, Whites) as well as research with Colombian children and adults (Mestizos), showing similarities and differences in perceivers' uses of PWE and the colourblind theory. Even when both meanings are prevalent in a given culture, they are not necessarily equally emphasised in all environments or for all people living in those environments, nor are they responded to in the same way by all people. We discuss the implications of these results for theorising on lay theories and offer directions for future work in this area. Like trained scientists, ordinary people seek ''to predict and control the course of events with which [they are] involved'' (Kelly, 1955, p. 5). People's naı¨ve theories ''achieve in some measure what science is supposed to achieve: an adequate description of the subject matter which makes prediction possible'' (Heider, 1958, p. 5). Kelly and Heider helped to inspire the study of people's everyday theories, which has culminated in the
Lay theories are theories that lay people use to understand and predict events in their everyday ... more Lay theories are theories that lay people use to understand and predict events in their everyday life. Empirical evidence suggests that lay theories impact intergroup relations, among other things, , because of their ability to promote tolerance or rejection towards social ...
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2019
Statement of Contributions I am the sole author of Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and Chapter 7 of this diss... more Statement of Contributions I am the sole author of Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and Chapter 7 of this dissertation. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are based on manuscripts. Chapter 5 was co-authored with Scott Slocombe. Chapter 6 was co-authored with Scott Slocombe and Derek Armitage. I was the lead author for all three manuscripts. Bibliographic citations for the coauthored chapters have been included below.
Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. ... more Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. Building on this work as well as ''interactionist'' theories for understanding social behaviour from developmental and social psychology, we propose an integrative social-developmental perspective examining how lay perceivers' characteristics (e.g., age, race, psychological motivations) interact with the environments in which they are nested to impact lay theory use over time and during life transitions. Using this perspective to guide our investigation of the Protestant work ethic (PWE) and colourblind theory, we show that a single lay theory can have a socially tolerant or intolerant meaning. We review work with US children and adults (Asians, Blacks, Latinos, Whites) as well as research with Colombian children and adults (Mestizos), showing similarities and differences in perceivers' uses of PWE and the colourblind theory. Even when both meanings are prevalent in a given culture, they are not necessarily equally emphasised in all environments or for all people living in those environments, nor are they responded to in the same way by all people. We discuss the implications of these results for theorising on lay theories and offer directions for future work in this area. Like trained scientists, ordinary people seek ''to predict and control the course of events with which [they are] involved'' (Kelly, 1955, p. 5). People's naı¨ve theories ''achieve in some measure what science is supposed to achieve: an adequate description of the subject matter which makes prediction possible'' (Heider, 1958, p. 5). Kelly and Heider helped to inspire the study of people's everyday theories, which has culminated in the
The Protestant work ethic (PWE) is prevalent in many cultures. Abundant work in social psychology... more The Protestant work ethic (PWE) is prevalent in many cultures. Abundant work in social psychology, primarily in the U.S., suggests that people use PWE to justify their own prejudice and society’s differential treatment of less successful or disadvantaged persons. Recent theorizing suggests that PWE’s intergroup meaning can be influenced by people’s age, social status, and culture such that PWE not only has an intolerant or “justifier”-of-inequality meaning (disadvantaged persons deserve their disadvantage), but also a tolerant or equalizer meaning (effort is a social equalizer). The main goal of the present investigation was to show that PWE does not necessarily develop a justifier meaning within or across cultures. Past work shows that among the majority group, European Americans, PWE is positively related to egalitarianism among children but less so with increasing age, presumably because the justifier meaning becomes increasingly salient and group relevant (justifies their groups...
Universitas Psychologica, 2010
Teorías legas, son teorías del sentido común que las personas legas utilizan para explicar y pred... more Teorías legas, son teorías del sentido común que las personas legas utilizan para explicar y predecir fenómenos del su entorno. Evidencia empírica sugiere que las teorías legas impactan las relaciones intergrupales, entre otras razones, por su capacidad para promover tolerancia o rechazo hacia las minorías sociales. Este artículo revisa algunos hallazgos sobre la relación entre tres teorías legas (la Ética Protestante del Trabajo, la Creencia en un Mundo Justo y el Esencialismo Psicológico) y actitudes hacia miembros de grupos minoritarios en diversos contextos sociales y culturales, señalando el papel de algunas variables que inciden en su interpretación (características del perceptor y del contexto social y cultural), y sus implicaciones teóricas. Al hacerlo, establece la relevancia del estudio de varias teorías legas en el contexto latinoamericano destacando los escasos, pero sustanciales hallazgos en algunos países latinoamericanos, y llama la atención sobre la necesidad de empr...
Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 2019
En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, estamos cada vez más expuestos a personas y culturas divers... more En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, estamos cada vez más expuestos a personas y culturas diversas. De ahí la importancia de investigar los sistemas de creencias existentes sobre las influencias transculturales y sus consecuencias. El aumento reciente de la migración hace de Colombia un lugar particularmente interesante para el estudio de las actitudes e intenciones hacia individuos de otras culturas. Hallazgos previos en las Filipinas y Estados Unidos sugieren que la creencia en el policulturalismo —en que los diferentes grupos étnicos y raciales están conectados y se influencian mutuamente— está asociada con una variedad de actitudes positivas. Esta investigación construye sobre estos hallazgos y contribuye a la comprensión de las dinámicas con una variedad intercultural en América Latina, explorando sobre policulturalismo en un estudio transversal que incluyó 423 habitantes nativos colombianos. Encontramos que, controlando la orientación a la dominancia social, la identificación...
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2005
Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2006
The authors propose that, in the US, the Protestant work ethic (PWE) relates both to social toler... more The authors propose that, in the US, the Protestant work ethic (PWE) relates both to social tolerance and intolerance. PWE is proposed to have a surface meaning that relates to social tolerance, and also an associated meaning that relates to intolerance, which is acquired in part through social and cultural experience (e.g. PWE being used as a justifier of inequality). In correlational and experimental studies, PWE was related to greater egalitarianism and desired social closeness to African Americans among younger participants (9 to 12 and 14 to 16-year-olds) relative to older participants (college students). Subsequent experiments directly manipulated college students’ interpretations of PWE, showing that those experimentally led to focus on others' use of PWE in support of their arguments (associated meaning condition) endorsed egalitarianism to a lesser extent (Study 3) and donated less money to a homeless shelter (Study 4) than did those simply focusing on the definition of...
European Review of Social Psychology, 2005
Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. ... more Abundant research suggests that the study of lay theories helps to explain intergroup relations. Building on this work as well as ''interactionist'' theories for understanding social behaviour from developmental and social psychology, we propose an integrative social-developmental perspective examining how lay perceivers' characteristics (e.g., age, race, psychological motivations) interact with the environments in which they are nested to impact lay theory use over time and during life transitions. Using this perspective to guide our investigation of the Protestant work ethic (PWE) and colourblind theory, we show that a single lay theory can have a socially tolerant or intolerant meaning. We review work with US children and adults (Asians, Blacks, Latinos, Whites) as well as research with Colombian children and adults (Mestizos), showing similarities and differences in perceivers' uses of PWE and the colourblind theory. Even when both meanings are prevalent in a given culture, they are not necessarily equally emphasised in all environments or for all people living in those environments, nor are they responded to in the same way by all people. We discuss the implications of these results for theorising on lay theories and offer directions for future work in this area. Like trained scientists, ordinary people seek ''to predict and control the course of events with which [they are] involved'' (Kelly, 1955, p. 5). People's naı¨ve theories ''achieve in some measure what science is supposed to achieve: an adequate description of the subject matter which makes prediction possible'' (Heider, 1958, p. 5). Kelly and Heider helped to inspire the study of people's everyday theories, which has culminated in the
Lay theories are theories that lay people use to understand and predict events in their everyday ... more Lay theories are theories that lay people use to understand and predict events in their everyday life. Empirical evidence suggests that lay theories impact intergroup relations, among other things, , because of their ability to promote tolerance or rejection towards social ...
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2019