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Papers by Mélodie Chambolle

Sciences, eaux & territoires, 2016

Land Use Policy, Nov 1, 2017

One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in con... more One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in concrete operational decision-making contexts; that is, an implementation gap. In this study, we investigated if this gap could be overcome through the use of open-source data and free tools, and the adoption of a short-term participatory process. We tested these methods in the context of a project in the urban metropolitan area of Bordeaux (Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux: CUB) in France. The ecosystem services were defined using a participatory approach involving local stakeholders, and then selected scenarios were simulated to test the impact of various development or conservation plans. The study addressed three main questions: (1) Is it possible to adopt a simple methodological approach that overcomes the implementation gap through the development of a user-friendly and inclusive method? (2) What is the added value of a participatory approach? (3) With regards to four scenarios in this territory, what are the ES trends in the selected biophysical and monetary indicators, and will knowledge of these trends help planners to shape a sustainable trajectory for the territory?

Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which co... more Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which contributepositively to human well-being. Thus, their quantification and integration into planning decisions has become increasingly important.In this study we analyzed ES provided by the landscape of the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB) in France. These ES were selected using a participatory approach with local stakeholders and involved the creation of scenarios of land use and cover change (LUCC) expressing alternative planning options. Only open data was used. Results show that allthe analyzed ES, except erosionregulation, have decreased as a consequence of LUCC between 1990 and 2006. For year 2030, the "Plan" scenario, which integrates approved urban local plans, is the one that will cause more negative impacts on the CUB ES. Both "Conservation" scenarios present a more balanced situation allowing to choose between carbon storage improvement or agriculture preservation with a degradation on nitrogen and phosphorous retention ES. We also found that there is little or no tradeoff on nutrient and sediment retention services regardless of the scenario used. This spatial explicit approach to ES modeling enables an informed discussion with the stakeholders about different planning options and their impact on ES and tradeoffs. Additionally, it may be used to effectively implement, monitor and communicate planning policies.

Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2016

Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which co... more Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which contributepositively to human well-being. Thus, their quantification and integration into planning decisions has become increasingly important.In this study we analyzed ES provided by the landscape of the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB) in France. These ES were selected using a participatory approach with local stakeholders and involved the creation of scenarios of land use and cover change (LUCC) expressing alternative planning options. Only open data was used. Results show that allthe analyzed ES, except erosionregulation, have decreased as a consequence of LUCC between 1990 and 2006. For year 2030, the "Plan" scenario, which integrates approved urban local plans, is the one that will cause more negative impacts on the CUB ES. Both "Conservation" scenarios present a more balanced situation allowing to choose between carbon storage improvement or agriculture preserva...

Land Use Policy, 2017

One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in con... more One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in concrete operational decision-making contexts; that is, an implementation gap. In this study, we investigated if this gap could be overcome through the use of open-source data and free tools, and the adoption of a short-term participatory process. We tested these methods in the context of a project in the urban metropolitan area of Bordeaux (Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux: CUB) in France. The ecosystem services were defined using a participatory approach involving local stakeholders, and then selected scenarios were simulated to test the impact of various development or conservation plans. The study addressed three main questions: (1) Is it possible to adopt a simple methodological approach that overcomes the implementation gap through the development of a user-friendly and inclusive method? (2) What is the added value of a participatory approach? (3) With regards to four scenarios in this territory, what are the ES trends in the selected biophysical and monetary indicators, and will knowledge of these trends help planners to shape a sustainable trajectory for the territory?

Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 2015

European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspen... more European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspended matters, due to tidal influence, which induce the development of an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) development. In the ETM area, heterotrophy by far dominates autotrophy1 and consequences on the dissolved oxygen content of waters are very important. In the Gironde estuary (S-W France), events of low dissolved oxygen have been observed over the last decades in this area during summer. The high-frequency monitoring network that records since 2005 water quality along the Gironde Estuary2 demonstrates the lowest dissolved oxygen content are always observed in the fluvial section close to the city of Bordeaux. The ETIAGE program was launched in order to clarify the real impact of wastewaters on the dissolved oxygen decrease, behaviour of pollutants and response of biological populations.

Ecosystem Services, 2016

The quantification and integration of ecosystem services (ES) into urban planning decisions is be... more The quantification and integration of ecosystem services (ES) into urban planning decisions is becoming increasingly important. However, studies that quantify and analyze the impacts in terms of ES changes are still scarce. We analyzed multiple ES provided by the landscape of the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB), in France, between 1990 and 2006 as a result of land use and cover change (LUCC) with Corine Land Cover and other open data. These ES were selected with the help of local stakeholders and were calculated using a spatially explicit modeling approach with InVEST and own-produced models. It was found that all ES, except erosion regulation, have decreased as a consequence of LUCC. Results also suggest that LUCC change decisions which do not consider policy measures for ES protection tend to generate land use patterns providing lower levels of ES. This spatial explicit approach to ES modeling enables an informed discussion with stakeholders and may be used to effectively implement, monitor, and communicate future planning policies. Highlights ► We use free tools and open data to study changes in ecosystem services (ES). ► We describe a strategy to include stakeholders in ES assessment. ► We provide relevant ES information for integrative urban planning. ► Land change decisions that ignore policy measures for ES tend to provide lower ES.

Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 2016

Avec une estimation de plus de 75% de la population europeenne vivant en ville en 2020, les conse... more Avec une estimation de plus de 75% de la population europeenne vivant en ville en 2020, les consequences de l’urbanisation croissante et des activites anthropiques associees representent un enjeu majeur pour les decennies a venir. La concentration des populations et des activites industrielles et urbaines est responsable d’une forte pression sur le milieu aquatique par l’intermediaire des rejets urbains, vecteurs de multiples polluants. L’evolution de nos modes et niveaux de vie va entrainer une importante augmentation de l’utilisation de nombreuses substances actives. Une partie de ces substances pourra etre liberee dans les ecosystemes avec un impact nefaste sur les especes presentes dont les humains. Connaitre l’origine et l’impact des micropolluants est un enjeu majeur pour en maitriser et en reduire les flux afin de rendre les villes et les territoires plus surs et durables.Dans ce cadre, Bordeaux Metropole et le LyRE/Suez environnement ont mis en place, pour une duree de 6 ans, le « plan micropolluants Bordeaux Metropole » (2013-2018). Ce projet propose une demarche de reflexion globale qui traite la question de la pollution des eaux dans son ensemble, depuis la source de la pollution dans le reseau d’assainissement jusqu’a son devenir dans le milieu naturel. Le « plan micropolluants Bordeaux Metropole » est compose de deux phases. La premiere (2013-2015) consiste a caracteriser et a quantifier les micropolluants dans le systeme d’assainissement de la metropole de Bordeaux. Cette phase doit egalement identifier et comprendre les origines des emissions afin de proposer des leviers de reduction adaptes en fonction des sources. La seconde phase (2015-2018) consistera a initier la mise en place de solutions de reduction des flux de micropolluants sur le territoire et a suivre les actions entreprises.L’objet de cette communication est de presenter la methodologie mise en place, en phase 1, afin d’aider le decideur a caracteriser les substances posant probleme sur son territoire ainsi qu’a identifier les sources principales de ces polluants. Les resultats presentes s’appuient sur le site d’etude de la Jalle de Blanquefort, affluent de la Garonne et riviere periurbaine du nord de l’agglomeration (bassin versant de 347 km²), ayant des enjeux environnementaux importants et de nombreux usages (zone maraichere, zone d’alimentation en eau potable…).

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015

Comprehensive source and fate studies of pharmaceuticals in the environment require analytical me... more Comprehensive source and fate studies of pharmaceuticals in the environment require analytical methods able to quantify a wide range of molecules over various therapeutic classes, in aqueous and solid matrices. Considering this need, the development of an analytical method to determine 53 pharmaceuticals in aqueous phase and in solid matrices using a combination of microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry is reported. Method was successfully validated regarding linearity, repeatability, and overall protocol recovery. Method detection limits (MDLs) do not exceed 1 ng L(-1) for 40 molecules in aqueous matrices (6 ng L(-1) for the 13 remaining), while subnanogram per gram MDLs were reached for 38 molecules in solid phase (29 ng g(-1) for the 15 remaining). Losses due to preparative steps were assessed for the 32 analytes associated to their labeled homologue, revealing an average loss of 40 % during reconcentration, the most altering step. Presence of analytes in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent aqueous phase and suspended solids (SS) as well as in river water, SS, and sediments was then investigated on a periurban river located in the suburbs of Bordeaux, France, revealing a major contribution of WWTP effluent to the river contamination. Sorption on river SS exceeded 5 % of total concentration for amitriptyline, fluoxetine, imipramine, ritonavir, sildenafil, and propranolol and appeared to be submitted to a seasonal influence. Sediment contamination was lower than the one of SS, organic carbon content, and sediment fine element proportion was accountable for the highest measured concentrations.

European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspen... more European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspended matters, due to tidal influence, which induce the development of an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) development. In the ETM area, heterotrophy by far dominates autotrophy1 and consequences on the dissolved oxygen content of waters are very important. In the Gironde estuary (S-W France), events of low dissolved oxygen have been observed over the last decades in this area during summer. The high-frequency monitoring network that records since 2005 water quality along the Gironde Estuary2 demonstrates the lowest dissolved oxygen content are always observed in the fluvial section close to the city of Bordeaux. The ETIAGE program was launched in order to clarify the real impact of wastewaters on the dissolved oxygen decrease, behaviour of pollutants and response of biological populations.

Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 2015

Revue des sciences de l'eau, 2015

Sciences, eaux & territoires, 2016

Land Use Policy, Nov 1, 2017

One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in con... more One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in concrete operational decision-making contexts; that is, an implementation gap. In this study, we investigated if this gap could be overcome through the use of open-source data and free tools, and the adoption of a short-term participatory process. We tested these methods in the context of a project in the urban metropolitan area of Bordeaux (Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux: CUB) in France. The ecosystem services were defined using a participatory approach involving local stakeholders, and then selected scenarios were simulated to test the impact of various development or conservation plans. The study addressed three main questions: (1) Is it possible to adopt a simple methodological approach that overcomes the implementation gap through the development of a user-friendly and inclusive method? (2) What is the added value of a participatory approach? (3) With regards to four scenarios in this territory, what are the ES trends in the selected biophysical and monetary indicators, and will knowledge of these trends help planners to shape a sustainable trajectory for the territory?

Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which co... more Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which contributepositively to human well-being. Thus, their quantification and integration into planning decisions has become increasingly important.In this study we analyzed ES provided by the landscape of the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB) in France. These ES were selected using a participatory approach with local stakeholders and involved the creation of scenarios of land use and cover change (LUCC) expressing alternative planning options. Only open data was used. Results show that allthe analyzed ES, except erosionregulation, have decreased as a consequence of LUCC between 1990 and 2006. For year 2030, the "Plan" scenario, which integrates approved urban local plans, is the one that will cause more negative impacts on the CUB ES. Both "Conservation" scenarios present a more balanced situation allowing to choose between carbon storage improvement or agriculture preservation with a degradation on nitrogen and phosphorous retention ES. We also found that there is little or no tradeoff on nutrient and sediment retention services regardless of the scenario used. This spatial explicit approach to ES modeling enables an informed discussion with the stakeholders about different planning options and their impact on ES and tradeoffs. Additionally, it may be used to effectively implement, monitor and communicate planning policies.

Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2016

Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which co... more Ecosystems provide a varied range of services to people known as ecosystem services (ES) which contributepositively to human well-being. Thus, their quantification and integration into planning decisions has become increasingly important.In this study we analyzed ES provided by the landscape of the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB) in France. These ES were selected using a participatory approach with local stakeholders and involved the creation of scenarios of land use and cover change (LUCC) expressing alternative planning options. Only open data was used. Results show that allthe analyzed ES, except erosionregulation, have decreased as a consequence of LUCC between 1990 and 2006. For year 2030, the "Plan" scenario, which integrates approved urban local plans, is the one that will cause more negative impacts on the CUB ES. Both "Conservation" scenarios present a more balanced situation allowing to choose between carbon storage improvement or agriculture preserva...

Land Use Policy, 2017

One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in con... more One of the main issues with the concept of ecosystem services is its absence on the ground in concrete operational decision-making contexts; that is, an implementation gap. In this study, we investigated if this gap could be overcome through the use of open-source data and free tools, and the adoption of a short-term participatory process. We tested these methods in the context of a project in the urban metropolitan area of Bordeaux (Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux: CUB) in France. The ecosystem services were defined using a participatory approach involving local stakeholders, and then selected scenarios were simulated to test the impact of various development or conservation plans. The study addressed three main questions: (1) Is it possible to adopt a simple methodological approach that overcomes the implementation gap through the development of a user-friendly and inclusive method? (2) What is the added value of a participatory approach? (3) With regards to four scenarios in this territory, what are the ES trends in the selected biophysical and monetary indicators, and will knowledge of these trends help planners to shape a sustainable trajectory for the territory?

Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 2015

European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspen... more European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspended matters, due to tidal influence, which induce the development of an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) development. In the ETM area, heterotrophy by far dominates autotrophy1 and consequences on the dissolved oxygen content of waters are very important. In the Gironde estuary (S-W France), events of low dissolved oxygen have been observed over the last decades in this area during summer. The high-frequency monitoring network that records since 2005 water quality along the Gironde Estuary2 demonstrates the lowest dissolved oxygen content are always observed in the fluvial section close to the city of Bordeaux. The ETIAGE program was launched in order to clarify the real impact of wastewaters on the dissolved oxygen decrease, behaviour of pollutants and response of biological populations.

Ecosystem Services, 2016

The quantification and integration of ecosystem services (ES) into urban planning decisions is be... more The quantification and integration of ecosystem services (ES) into urban planning decisions is becoming increasingly important. However, studies that quantify and analyze the impacts in terms of ES changes are still scarce. We analyzed multiple ES provided by the landscape of the Urban Community of Bordeaux (CUB), in France, between 1990 and 2006 as a result of land use and cover change (LUCC) with Corine Land Cover and other open data. These ES were selected with the help of local stakeholders and were calculated using a spatially explicit modeling approach with InVEST and own-produced models. It was found that all ES, except erosion regulation, have decreased as a consequence of LUCC. Results also suggest that LUCC change decisions which do not consider policy measures for ES protection tend to generate land use patterns providing lower levels of ES. This spatial explicit approach to ES modeling enables an informed discussion with stakeholders and may be used to effectively implement, monitor, and communicate future planning policies. Highlights ► We use free tools and open data to study changes in ecosystem services (ES). ► We describe a strategy to include stakeholders in ES assessment. ► We provide relevant ES information for integrative urban planning. ► Land change decisions that ignore policy measures for ES tend to provide lower ES.

Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 2016

Avec une estimation de plus de 75% de la population europeenne vivant en ville en 2020, les conse... more Avec une estimation de plus de 75% de la population europeenne vivant en ville en 2020, les consequences de l’urbanisation croissante et des activites anthropiques associees representent un enjeu majeur pour les decennies a venir. La concentration des populations et des activites industrielles et urbaines est responsable d’une forte pression sur le milieu aquatique par l’intermediaire des rejets urbains, vecteurs de multiples polluants. L’evolution de nos modes et niveaux de vie va entrainer une importante augmentation de l’utilisation de nombreuses substances actives. Une partie de ces substances pourra etre liberee dans les ecosystemes avec un impact nefaste sur les especes presentes dont les humains. Connaitre l’origine et l’impact des micropolluants est un enjeu majeur pour en maitriser et en reduire les flux afin de rendre les villes et les territoires plus surs et durables.Dans ce cadre, Bordeaux Metropole et le LyRE/Suez environnement ont mis en place, pour une duree de 6 ans, le « plan micropolluants Bordeaux Metropole » (2013-2018). Ce projet propose une demarche de reflexion globale qui traite la question de la pollution des eaux dans son ensemble, depuis la source de la pollution dans le reseau d’assainissement jusqu’a son devenir dans le milieu naturel. Le « plan micropolluants Bordeaux Metropole » est compose de deux phases. La premiere (2013-2015) consiste a caracteriser et a quantifier les micropolluants dans le systeme d’assainissement de la metropole de Bordeaux. Cette phase doit egalement identifier et comprendre les origines des emissions afin de proposer des leviers de reduction adaptes en fonction des sources. La seconde phase (2015-2018) consistera a initier la mise en place de solutions de reduction des flux de micropolluants sur le territoire et a suivre les actions entreprises.L’objet de cette communication est de presenter la methodologie mise en place, en phase 1, afin d’aider le decideur a caracteriser les substances posant probleme sur son territoire ainsi qu’a identifier les sources principales de ces polluants. Les resultats presentes s’appuient sur le site d’etude de la Jalle de Blanquefort, affluent de la Garonne et riviere periurbaine du nord de l’agglomeration (bassin versant de 347 km²), ayant des enjeux environnementaux importants et de nombreux usages (zone maraichere, zone d’alimentation en eau potable…).

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015

Comprehensive source and fate studies of pharmaceuticals in the environment require analytical me... more Comprehensive source and fate studies of pharmaceuticals in the environment require analytical methods able to quantify a wide range of molecules over various therapeutic classes, in aqueous and solid matrices. Considering this need, the development of an analytical method to determine 53 pharmaceuticals in aqueous phase and in solid matrices using a combination of microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry is reported. Method was successfully validated regarding linearity, repeatability, and overall protocol recovery. Method detection limits (MDLs) do not exceed 1 ng L(-1) for 40 molecules in aqueous matrices (6 ng L(-1) for the 13 remaining), while subnanogram per gram MDLs were reached for 38 molecules in solid phase (29 ng g(-1) for the 15 remaining). Losses due to preparative steps were assessed for the 32 analytes associated to their labeled homologue, revealing an average loss of 40 % during reconcentration, the most altering step. Presence of analytes in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent aqueous phase and suspended solids (SS) as well as in river water, SS, and sediments was then investigated on a periurban river located in the suburbs of Bordeaux, France, revealing a major contribution of WWTP effluent to the river contamination. Sorption on river SS exceeded 5 % of total concentration for amitriptyline, fluoxetine, imipramine, ritonavir, sildenafil, and propranolol and appeared to be submitted to a seasonal influence. Sediment contamination was lower than the one of SS, organic carbon content, and sediment fine element proportion was accountable for the highest measured concentrations.

European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspen... more European macrotidal estuaries are characterized by long residence times both for water and suspended matters, due to tidal influence, which induce the development of an Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) development. In the ETM area, heterotrophy by far dominates autotrophy1 and consequences on the dissolved oxygen content of waters are very important. In the Gironde estuary (S-W France), events of low dissolved oxygen have been observed over the last decades in this area during summer. The high-frequency monitoring network that records since 2005 water quality along the Gironde Estuary2 demonstrates the lowest dissolved oxygen content are always observed in the fluvial section close to the city of Bordeaux. The ETIAGE program was launched in order to clarify the real impact of wastewaters on the dissolved oxygen decrease, behaviour of pollutants and response of biological populations.

Techniques Sciences Méthodes, 2015

Revue des sciences de l'eau, 2015