MARCIA MACEDO - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by MARCIA MACEDO
The problems faced by Brazilian cities today trace their roots to patterns of urbanization that a... more The problems faced by Brazilian cities today trace their roots to patterns of urbanization that are decades old. Growth has been marked by urban sprawl, priority for personal vehicles, socio-spatial segregation, and physical separation between jobs, housing, and opportunities. The 21 st century began with around 82% of the Brazilian population living in cities, largely marked by the lack of integration between transport policies, use, and occupation. By 2030, 90% of Brazil's population is expected to live in cities. Starting in the 1950s, a series of political, economic, and cultural factors led Brazilian cities to start being planned for the convenience of cars. Rising personal incomes and the expansion of the local auto industry made personal vehicles more accessible to Brazilian residents. Between 2002 and 2012, the number of private vehicles doubled all over the country. As a result, Brazilian often must contend with long commutes, unsafe street crossings, and a lack of social integration. Our cities need urgently to renew their focus on improving urban growth patterns, fixing the problems of the past and preparing themselves for a stronger future. How can Brazilian cities face these challenges? There are no easy answers to this question. The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), working closely with Ipea in this publication, strives to inspire people to rethink Brazilian cities addressing these concerns. We hope that these articles can make a difference, increasing awareness of good urban growth concepts, in order to reshape cities, returning them to a human scale, planned and made by and for people.
Traffic safety depends on a lot of factors associated with traffic accidents and where it takes p... more Traffic safety depends on a lot of factors associated with traffic accidents and where it takes place. Analyzing how variables related to traffic accidents influences on its frequency and severity may help on the proposition of significant improvement to the effective reduction of said accidents. The goal of this research is to analyze the impact of contributing factors to traffic accidents of any kind, reducing the number of variables related to the statistic model, adjusting it to the brazilian reallity. The methodology was applied in a case study in a 255km patch of a simple lane countryside highway in the state of Pernambuco. Statistics trials were taken to quantify its possible effects on the frequency and severity of traffic accidents. The analysis showed significant factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of the observed accidents. These factors were the amount of traffic (VDMA), radius of the horizontal curve, greide, age range and day of the week. Even though ...
Journal of Geographic Information System, 2020
One of the principal difficulties related to road safety management in Brazil is the lack of data... more One of the principal difficulties related to road safety management in Brazil is the lack of data on road projects, especially those on rural roads, which makes it difficult to use road safety studies and models from other countries as a reference. Updating road networks through the use of hyperspectral remote sensing images can be a good alternative. However, accurately recognizing and extracting hyperspectral images from roads has been recognized as a challenging task in the processing of hyperspectral data. In order to solve the aforementioned challenges, Hyperion hyperspectral images were combined with the Optimum Forest Path (OPF) algorithm for supervised classification of rural roads and the effectiveness of the OPF and SVM classifiers when applied to these areas was compared. Both classifiers produced reasonable results, however, the OPF algorithm outperformed SVM. The higher classification accuracy obtained by the OPF was mainly attributed to the ability to better distinguish between regions of exposed soil and unpaved roads.
Historicamente, até o advento dos modos de transportes motorizados, as cidades tinham seus tamanh... more Historicamente, até o advento dos modos de transportes motorizados, as cidades tinham seus tamanhos limitados por tempos e distâncias compatíveis com deslocamentos a pé (ou, alternativamente, em veículos de tração animal). Dado que este processo é abordado em outros capítulos deste livro, cabem aqui apenas breves referências ao assunto, enfatizando que nas condições acima mencionadas, antes do século XIX, cidades com mais de 5 km de raio seriam a exceção, e não a regra (como discutido por Davis et al., 1972).
Transport Policy, 2008
The aim of this work is to identify key factors of a sustainable urban mobility concept in a part... more The aim of this work is to identify key factors of a sustainable urban mobility concept in a particular context. A multiple criteria decision analysis method was developed to identify the main variables associated to the concept. Looking at the results obtained in 11 cities of the five Brazilian regions, we conclude that the method is able to capture the
The problems faced by Brazilian cities today trace their roots to patterns of urbanization that a... more The problems faced by Brazilian cities today trace their roots to patterns of urbanization that are decades old. Growth has been marked by urban sprawl, priority for personal vehicles, socio-spatial segregation, and physical separation between jobs, housing, and opportunities. The 21 st century began with around 82% of the Brazilian population living in cities, largely marked by the lack of integration between transport policies, use, and occupation. By 2030, 90% of Brazil's population is expected to live in cities. Starting in the 1950s, a series of political, economic, and cultural factors led Brazilian cities to start being planned for the convenience of cars. Rising personal incomes and the expansion of the local auto industry made personal vehicles more accessible to Brazilian residents. Between 2002 and 2012, the number of private vehicles doubled all over the country. As a result, Brazilian often must contend with long commutes, unsafe street crossings, and a lack of social integration. Our cities need urgently to renew their focus on improving urban growth patterns, fixing the problems of the past and preparing themselves for a stronger future. How can Brazilian cities face these challenges? There are no easy answers to this question. The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), working closely with Ipea in this publication, strives to inspire people to rethink Brazilian cities addressing these concerns. We hope that these articles can make a difference, increasing awareness of good urban growth concepts, in order to reshape cities, returning them to a human scale, planned and made by and for people.
Traffic safety depends on a lot of factors associated with traffic accidents and where it takes p... more Traffic safety depends on a lot of factors associated with traffic accidents and where it takes place. Analyzing how variables related to traffic accidents influences on its frequency and severity may help on the proposition of significant improvement to the effective reduction of said accidents. The goal of this research is to analyze the impact of contributing factors to traffic accidents of any kind, reducing the number of variables related to the statistic model, adjusting it to the brazilian reallity. The methodology was applied in a case study in a 255km patch of a simple lane countryside highway in the state of Pernambuco. Statistics trials were taken to quantify its possible effects on the frequency and severity of traffic accidents. The analysis showed significant factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of the observed accidents. These factors were the amount of traffic (VDMA), radius of the horizontal curve, greide, age range and day of the week. Even though ...
Journal of Geographic Information System, 2020
One of the principal difficulties related to road safety management in Brazil is the lack of data... more One of the principal difficulties related to road safety management in Brazil is the lack of data on road projects, especially those on rural roads, which makes it difficult to use road safety studies and models from other countries as a reference. Updating road networks through the use of hyperspectral remote sensing images can be a good alternative. However, accurately recognizing and extracting hyperspectral images from roads has been recognized as a challenging task in the processing of hyperspectral data. In order to solve the aforementioned challenges, Hyperion hyperspectral images were combined with the Optimum Forest Path (OPF) algorithm for supervised classification of rural roads and the effectiveness of the OPF and SVM classifiers when applied to these areas was compared. Both classifiers produced reasonable results, however, the OPF algorithm outperformed SVM. The higher classification accuracy obtained by the OPF was mainly attributed to the ability to better distinguish between regions of exposed soil and unpaved roads.
Historicamente, até o advento dos modos de transportes motorizados, as cidades tinham seus tamanh... more Historicamente, até o advento dos modos de transportes motorizados, as cidades tinham seus tamanhos limitados por tempos e distâncias compatíveis com deslocamentos a pé (ou, alternativamente, em veículos de tração animal). Dado que este processo é abordado em outros capítulos deste livro, cabem aqui apenas breves referências ao assunto, enfatizando que nas condições acima mencionadas, antes do século XIX, cidades com mais de 5 km de raio seriam a exceção, e não a regra (como discutido por Davis et al., 1972).
Transport Policy, 2008
The aim of this work is to identify key factors of a sustainable urban mobility concept in a part... more The aim of this work is to identify key factors of a sustainable urban mobility concept in a particular context. A multiple criteria decision analysis method was developed to identify the main variables associated to the concept. Looking at the results obtained in 11 cities of the five Brazilian regions, we conclude that the method is able to capture the