M. Alina Mofokeng - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by M. Alina Mofokeng
Australian Journal of Crop Science
In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and polymorphism among 30 soybean ge... more In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and polymorphism among 30 soybean genotypes maintained by the ARC using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Soybean genotypes were characterized using 20 SSR primers. DNA was extracted using the standard cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method and amplified using PCR. Allele size was determined via comparison with a 100 base pair (bp) DNA ladder. Molecular data were analyzed, and a dendrogram and matrix were generated using GGT 2.0 software. A total of 216 alleles with an average of 10.8 alleles per locus were detected. The allele sizes ranged between 2 and 33 bp with an average of 18.7 bp. The polymorphic information content among genotypes varied from 0.85 (Satt001) to 0.75 (Satt43) with an average of 0.716, and heterozygosity ranged from 0.87 to 0.78 with an average of 0.7485. The most diverse genotypes were B 66 S 31, 69S 7, and R5-4-2 M, which indicated the efficiency of the SSR markers for the detection of genetic d...
![Research paper thumbnail of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] breeding for resistance to leaf and stalk anthracnose, Colletotrichum sublineolum, and improved yield: Progress and prospects](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/75563395/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Australian Journal of Crop Science
Sorghum is one of the main staple food crops for millions of subsistence farmers in Africa. Bioti... more Sorghum is one of the main staple food crops for millions of subsistence farmers in Africa. Biotic and abiotic challenges are the major production constraints of the crop. Amongst the sorghum biotic constraints, anthracnose is the major devastating disease causing up to 80% of yield reduction. The productivity and profitability of sorghum is limited by several biotic constraints, most notably anthracnose caused by the aggressive fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineolum. The most effective and environmentally responsible strategy to control anthracnose is through the incorporation of resistance genes. However, although several sources have been identified, the lack of information with regard to its genetic control of resistance has limited their adequate use in breeding programs. Additionally, the limitations of breeding regarding the leaf and stalk anthracnose resistance and also the need for evaluating materials for resistance and yield in different environments is of major importance. There is limited information about the combining ability, gene action and genetic effects and relationships between anthracnose resistance and grain yield which is required in devising appropriate strategies for developing resistant and high yielding sorghum varieties. This review provides theoretical basis of the progress and challenges for breeding sorghum for anthracnose resistance and improved yield.
South African Journal of Plant and Soil
Soybean is one of the most important leguminous crops grown globally for food and feed. The study... more Soybean is one of the most important leguminous crops grown globally for food and feed. The study of genetic diversity is invaluable for efficient utilization, conservation and management of germplasm collections. The study aims at assessing genetic diversity present among the soybean genotypes using phenotypic markers. The restriction maximum likelihood revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for eight quantitative traits. The principal component analysis revealed three most important PCs contributing 63.19%, 25.43% and 8.88% to the total variation of 97.5%, respectively. Seed yield was highly significant and highly correlated with seed number per plant, pod weight per plant, pod number per plant, and hundred seed weight but negatively correlated with seed number per pod. The hierarchical clustering revealed three major clusters with further sub-clusters. The accessions 2015/06/12, 69 S 10, PR 154-14, R 5-4-2 M, Hawkeye (USSR), and PR 145-2 were the most diverse...
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2017
Sorghum is an important grain crop grown for human consumption worldwide. The crop is classified ... more Sorghum is an important grain crop grown for human consumption worldwide. The crop is classified into various races with the wild and cultivated sorghums included. The cultivated sorghums have a great phenotypic diversity which breeders can exploit for further improvement. The exploitation of the genetic diversity requires effective characterization of the genetic pool. The genotypes can be characterized using morphological, molecular markers, and analysis of nutritional quality traits. Characterization is performed with the purpose of sourcing new genes for crop improvement to combat hunger and malnutrition in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Attempts were made to improve sorghum protein quality through mutation and genetic engineering but information on the use of classical breeding methods to improve sorghum protein quality and the combining ability of parental lines for improved pro tein quality is still limited. The effects of gene action on sorghum for yield and protein quality are essential for researchers and plant breeders for their breeding programmes aiming to develop hybrids and for further genetic improvement. Moreover, outcomes of nutritional quality studies are of paramount importance to scientists in various research disciplines. This article reviews the characterisation, combining ability and efforts for improving sorghum protein quality.
South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 2014
ABSTRACT Diverse landraces of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are widely grown by smallhold... more ABSTRACT Diverse landraces of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are widely grown by smallholder farmers in South Africa. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic diversity present in South African sorghum genotypes using genetic distances as measured by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total 103 diverse landraces and breeding lines were genotyped using 30 SSR primers. A wide genetic diversity was observed with the allele sizes ranging from 90 to 294 bp. The numbers of alleles ranged from 2 to 15 with an average of 6.4 per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.0192 to 0.8351 (average 0.5031) with heterozygosity values of 0.0194 to 0.8524 (average 0.5483). The Euclidian genetic distances varied from 0 to 8.4 (average 5.7). Genotypes Macia-SA and AS4 had the lowest dissimilarity index, whereas 05-POTCH-115 and MP2048 exhibited the highest value. The study established the existence of considerable genetic diversity among South African sorghum germplasm. This may enable breeders to exploit the potential of transgressive segregation and for strategic genetic conservation.
Australian Journal of Crop Science
In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and polymorphism among 30 soybean ge... more In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and polymorphism among 30 soybean genotypes maintained by the ARC using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Soybean genotypes were characterized using 20 SSR primers. DNA was extracted using the standard cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method and amplified using PCR. Allele size was determined via comparison with a 100 base pair (bp) DNA ladder. Molecular data were analyzed, and a dendrogram and matrix were generated using GGT 2.0 software. A total of 216 alleles with an average of 10.8 alleles per locus were detected. The allele sizes ranged between 2 and 33 bp with an average of 18.7 bp. The polymorphic information content among genotypes varied from 0.85 (Satt001) to 0.75 (Satt43) with an average of 0.716, and heterozygosity ranged from 0.87 to 0.78 with an average of 0.7485. The most diverse genotypes were B 66 S 31, 69S 7, and R5-4-2 M, which indicated the efficiency of the SSR markers for the detection of genetic d...
Australian Journal of Crop Science
Sorghum is one of the main staple food crops for millions of subsistence farmers in Africa. Bioti... more Sorghum is one of the main staple food crops for millions of subsistence farmers in Africa. Biotic and abiotic challenges are the major production constraints of the crop. Amongst the sorghum biotic constraints, anthracnose is the major devastating disease causing up to 80% of yield reduction. The productivity and profitability of sorghum is limited by several biotic constraints, most notably anthracnose caused by the aggressive fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineolum. The most effective and environmentally responsible strategy to control anthracnose is through the incorporation of resistance genes. However, although several sources have been identified, the lack of information with regard to its genetic control of resistance has limited their adequate use in breeding programs. Additionally, the limitations of breeding regarding the leaf and stalk anthracnose resistance and also the need for evaluating materials for resistance and yield in different environments is of major importance. There is limited information about the combining ability, gene action and genetic effects and relationships between anthracnose resistance and grain yield which is required in devising appropriate strategies for developing resistant and high yielding sorghum varieties. This review provides theoretical basis of the progress and challenges for breeding sorghum for anthracnose resistance and improved yield.
South African Journal of Plant and Soil
Soybean is one of the most important leguminous crops grown globally for food and feed. The study... more Soybean is one of the most important leguminous crops grown globally for food and feed. The study of genetic diversity is invaluable for efficient utilization, conservation and management of germplasm collections. The study aims at assessing genetic diversity present among the soybean genotypes using phenotypic markers. The restriction maximum likelihood revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for eight quantitative traits. The principal component analysis revealed three most important PCs contributing 63.19%, 25.43% and 8.88% to the total variation of 97.5%, respectively. Seed yield was highly significant and highly correlated with seed number per plant, pod weight per plant, pod number per plant, and hundred seed weight but negatively correlated with seed number per pod. The hierarchical clustering revealed three major clusters with further sub-clusters. The accessions 2015/06/12, 69 S 10, PR 154-14, R 5-4-2 M, Hawkeye (USSR), and PR 145-2 were the most diverse...
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2017
Sorghum is an important grain crop grown for human consumption worldwide. The crop is classified ... more Sorghum is an important grain crop grown for human consumption worldwide. The crop is classified into various races with the wild and cultivated sorghums included. The cultivated sorghums have a great phenotypic diversity which breeders can exploit for further improvement. The exploitation of the genetic diversity requires effective characterization of the genetic pool. The genotypes can be characterized using morphological, molecular markers, and analysis of nutritional quality traits. Characterization is performed with the purpose of sourcing new genes for crop improvement to combat hunger and malnutrition in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Attempts were made to improve sorghum protein quality through mutation and genetic engineering but information on the use of classical breeding methods to improve sorghum protein quality and the combining ability of parental lines for improved pro tein quality is still limited. The effects of gene action on sorghum for yield and protein quality are essential for researchers and plant breeders for their breeding programmes aiming to develop hybrids and for further genetic improvement. Moreover, outcomes of nutritional quality studies are of paramount importance to scientists in various research disciplines. This article reviews the characterisation, combining ability and efforts for improving sorghum protein quality.
South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 2014
ABSTRACT Diverse landraces of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are widely grown by smallhold... more ABSTRACT Diverse landraces of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are widely grown by smallholder farmers in South Africa. The objective of the study was to assess the genetic diversity present in South African sorghum genotypes using genetic distances as measured by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total 103 diverse landraces and breeding lines were genotyped using 30 SSR primers. A wide genetic diversity was observed with the allele sizes ranging from 90 to 294 bp. The numbers of alleles ranged from 2 to 15 with an average of 6.4 per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.0192 to 0.8351 (average 0.5031) with heterozygosity values of 0.0194 to 0.8524 (average 0.5483). The Euclidian genetic distances varied from 0 to 8.4 (average 5.7). Genotypes Macia-SA and AS4 had the lowest dissimilarity index, whereas 05-POTCH-115 and MP2048 exhibited the highest value. The study established the existence of considerable genetic diversity among South African sorghum germplasm. This may enable breeders to exploit the potential of transgressive segregation and for strategic genetic conservation.