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M. Barak

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Papers by M. Barak

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Gutters and Roof Vents on Light in a Multi-Span Greenhouse

Acta Horticulturae, 2012

To effectively ventilate large, multi-span gutter connected greenhouses, in the Mediterranean reg... more To effectively ventilate large, multi-span gutter connected greenhouses, in the Mediterranean region, it is usually required to use both side and roof vents. Since the roof vents and gutters are constructed of opaque structural elements and since the vents are generally covered with insect-proof screens, they may partially block the penetration of solar radiation into the house. The present work characterizes the disturbance induced by the vents and gutters to the level and distribution of light reaching the plants. Experiments were carried out in a typical multi-span greenhouse with roof vents on which insect-proof screens were installed. To measure the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) above the plants a sensor was placed on a cart that moved along a horizontal beam positioned 2.6 m above ground level inside the greenhouse; a motorized system moved the trolley continuously across more than one greenhouse span back and forth throughout the day. Two additional sensors were used as reference: one was located inside the greenhouse, just below the plastic cover at the greenhouse ridge, to compensate for the effect of the cover type and accumulated dust on the cover, and the other was located outside the greenhouse to measure ambient PAR levels. The mean daily PAR level immediately below the greenhouse cover was 64% of the level outside the greenhouse. Above the crop the mean daily PAR level over one greenhouse span (including regions that were shaded by the gutters and vents) further decreased and was only 47% of the outside level. Results show that the structural elements of the roof vents significantly affect light distribution. At midday the light level in the region below the roof vents may drop by nearly 27% in comparison to the level measured at the centerline of the greenhouse span. Thus, although roof vents improve natural ventilation they may deteriorate light level and its distribution.

Research paper thumbnail of Air Velocities in a Naturally Ventilated Greenhouse

Research paper thumbnail of Evidence for large diversity in the human transcriptome created by Alu RNA editing

Nucleic Acids Research, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Wind driven ventilation of a mono-span greenhouse with a rose crop and continuous screened side vents and its effect on flow patterns and microclimate

Biosystems Engineering, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Gradients of temperature, humidity and CO2 along a fan-ventilated greenhouse

Biosystems Engineering, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Nonsteady Hot-water Greenhouse Heating on Heat Transfer and Microclimate

Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Relationships Between Anthropometrical Indices and Socio-Economic Differences for Children at 6 Years Old Living in Urban Areas of Ardebil, Iran

Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of missing values in fuzzy matrices (FM) and interval-valued fuzzy matrices (IVFM)

Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering

In real life problems, uncertainty also occurs due to loss of information which ultimately result... more In real life problems, uncertainty also occurs due to loss of information which ultimately results in incomplete information. There are many other reasons which also cause incompleteness, e.g. erroneous data measure, insufficient data collection, lack of evidence, etc. To overcome these situations there are two approaches available, first one we can ignore the object of missing information and second one we predict the unavailable data by estimating the missing values. In the present paper, the concepts of fuzzy matrix and interval valued fuzzy matrix are defined with examples. A new algorithm is proposed to estimate the missing values in fuzzy matrix and its application is illustrated with an example. To generalize the theory of estimation of missing data, another algorithm for interval valued fuzzy matrix is introduced and applied in a numerical problem. In the end discussion and comparison are also given with concluding remarks.

Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Gutters and Roof Vents on Light in a Multi-Span Greenhouse

Acta Horticulturae, 2012

To effectively ventilate large, multi-span gutter connected greenhouses, in the Mediterranean reg... more To effectively ventilate large, multi-span gutter connected greenhouses, in the Mediterranean region, it is usually required to use both side and roof vents. Since the roof vents and gutters are constructed of opaque structural elements and since the vents are generally covered with insect-proof screens, they may partially block the penetration of solar radiation into the house. The present work characterizes the disturbance induced by the vents and gutters to the level and distribution of light reaching the plants. Experiments were carried out in a typical multi-span greenhouse with roof vents on which insect-proof screens were installed. To measure the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) above the plants a sensor was placed on a cart that moved along a horizontal beam positioned 2.6 m above ground level inside the greenhouse; a motorized system moved the trolley continuously across more than one greenhouse span back and forth throughout the day. Two additional sensors were used as reference: one was located inside the greenhouse, just below the plastic cover at the greenhouse ridge, to compensate for the effect of the cover type and accumulated dust on the cover, and the other was located outside the greenhouse to measure ambient PAR levels. The mean daily PAR level immediately below the greenhouse cover was 64% of the level outside the greenhouse. Above the crop the mean daily PAR level over one greenhouse span (including regions that were shaded by the gutters and vents) further decreased and was only 47% of the outside level. Results show that the structural elements of the roof vents significantly affect light distribution. At midday the light level in the region below the roof vents may drop by nearly 27% in comparison to the level measured at the centerline of the greenhouse span. Thus, although roof vents improve natural ventilation they may deteriorate light level and its distribution.

Research paper thumbnail of Air Velocities in a Naturally Ventilated Greenhouse

Research paper thumbnail of Evidence for large diversity in the human transcriptome created by Alu RNA editing

Nucleic Acids Research, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Wind driven ventilation of a mono-span greenhouse with a rose crop and continuous screened side vents and its effect on flow patterns and microclimate

Biosystems Engineering, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Gradients of temperature, humidity and CO2 along a fan-ventilated greenhouse

Biosystems Engineering, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Nonsteady Hot-water Greenhouse Heating on Heat Transfer and Microclimate

Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Relationships Between Anthropometrical Indices and Socio-Economic Differences for Children at 6 Years Old Living in Urban Areas of Ardebil, Iran

Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Estimation of missing values in fuzzy matrices (FM) and interval-valued fuzzy matrices (IVFM)

Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering

In real life problems, uncertainty also occurs due to loss of information which ultimately result... more In real life problems, uncertainty also occurs due to loss of information which ultimately results in incomplete information. There are many other reasons which also cause incompleteness, e.g. erroneous data measure, insufficient data collection, lack of evidence, etc. To overcome these situations there are two approaches available, first one we can ignore the object of missing information and second one we predict the unavailable data by estimating the missing values. In the present paper, the concepts of fuzzy matrix and interval valued fuzzy matrix are defined with examples. A new algorithm is proposed to estimate the missing values in fuzzy matrix and its application is illustrated with an example. To generalize the theory of estimation of missing data, another algorithm for interval valued fuzzy matrix is introduced and applied in a numerical problem. In the end discussion and comparison are also given with concluding remarks.

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