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Papers by Marieke Bloembergen

Sites, Bodies and Stories

The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia, 2020

The article proved that pharmaceutical tourism has been developed during a long period of time as... more The article proved that pharmaceutical tourism has been developed during a long period of time as an essential part of medical tourism. The defined forms of activity have an integral character and contribute to the increase of the level of accessibility and quality of medical and pharmaceutical aid to the population outside their regular place of residence. The preconditions for activation the development of medical tourism and the necessity of being regarded as an independent activity of pharmaceutical tourism have been determined. Institutional components of pharmaceutical tourism (a subject, objects, subjects, forms of organization) have been outlined and described as well as the functions, which can be used on two levels: on the level of the government and the society, and in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population and healthcare in general. The integral and dualistic character of pharmaceutical tourism as a modern activity in the system of healthcare has been substantiated. Taking into account modern tendencies as to globalization of national economics, imperfection of mechanisms of government regulation of the level of accessibility of pharmaceutical aid, increase of gap between different countries, groups of population or patients in the resource provision of national systems of healthcare, the need for the development of medical and pharmaceutical tourism will continue in the future. It promotes the development of a complex program of their implementation in Ukraine. KEYWORDS medical tourism, social and economic accessibility of drugs, pharmaceutical tourism, physical accessibility of drugs.

Comparative Studies in Society and History, 2021

Since the nineteenth century, today's South and Southeast Asia have become part of scholarly ... more Since the nineteenth century, today's South and Southeast Asia have become part of scholarly and popular geographies that define the region as a single, superior, civilization with Hindu-Buddhist spiritual traits and its origins in India. These moral geographies of “Greater India” are still current in universities, museums, textbooks, and popular culture across the world. This article explores, for the period from the 1890s to the 1960s, how networks of scholars, intellectuals, and art collectors linking Indonesia, mainland Asia, and the West helped shaping these moral geographies and enabled the inclusion of predominantly Islamic Indonesia. It contributes to recent debates on the role of religion and affections in Orientalism by following object-biographies and focusing on knowledge exchange via the networks they connected, and by exploring the possibilities, violence, and limits of cultural understanding as objects travel from their sites of origin to elsewhere in the world. T...

Polices d’Empires, 2012

Social entrepreneurship is a new academic concept but the practices are old. The Islamic economic... more Social entrepreneurship is a new academic concept but the practices are old. The Islamic economic system has its own social entrepreneurship model that has shown up at the time of the prophet Mohamed (SAWS) and evolved into an institution called Al WAQF. This institution proved its efficiency in resolving social problems in the Islamic society throughout time. In our era, the Islamic financial instruments give new development opportunities for the WAQF concept. This article gives an oversight of the Islamic model of social entrepreneurship and the way Islamic finance can enhance it.

Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic career... more Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic careers of Dutch prehistorians Van Stein Callenfels, Van Heekeren and Van der Hoop, this paper discusses the phenomenon of the ‘colonial archaeologist as hero’ from both a historical and a theoretical (post-colonial) perspective. We thus reconsider those colonial archaeologists who, according to traditional histories of archaeology, ‘discovered’ the prehistoric past of Indonesia during the 1920s and 1930s. We do this in order to gain a better understanding of the colonial dimension of research into the prehistory of the Dutch East Indies and the way it continues to affect the archaeology of post-colonial Indonesia. We focus on the dynamic social and cultural contexts within which the archaeological research was developed and conclude that the creation of knowledge of the prehistoric past included various forms of indigenous involvement.

The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia, 2020

Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic career... more Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic careers of Dutch prehistorians Van Stein Callenfels, Van Heekeren and Van der Hoop, this paper discusses the phenomenon of the ‘colonial archaeologist as hero’ from both a historical and a theoretical (post-colonial) perspective. We thus reconsider those colonial archaeologists who, according to traditional histories of archaeology, ‘discovered’ the prehistoric past of Indonesia during the 1920s and 1930s. We do this in order to gain a better understanding of the colonial dimension of research into the prehistory of the Dutch East Indies and the way it continues to affect the archaeology of post-colonial Indonesia. We focus on the dynamic social and cultural contexts within which the archaeological research was developed and conclude that the creation of knowledge of the prehistoric past included various forms of indigenous involvement.

De geschiedenis van de politie in Nederlands-Indie: Uit zorg en angst beschrijft de geschiedenis ... more De geschiedenis van de politie in Nederlands-Indie: Uit zorg en angst beschrijft de geschiedenis van de koloniale politie in Nederlands-Indie tussen 1897 en 1942. Enkele kwesties staan daarbij centraal, zoals de betekenis van de politie voor de koloniale staat en de rol van het geweld dat zij gebruikte. Met als belangrijkste vraag: wat was er koloniaal aan koloniale politie?

<p>Focusing on the practices of knowledge exchange within Dutch colonial heritage politics,... more <p>Focusing on the practices of knowledge exchange within Dutch colonial heritage politics, and the related transnational scholarly networks, in the years immediately before, during and after decolonization, this chapter re-examines the impact of the ends of empire on Indonesia and elsewhere, including their cultural resonances in the post-colonial period. Starting from sites in the Netherlands Indies/ Indonesia, this chapter links up with transnational approaches to imperial and Asian history thriving in the past two decades, often with a focus on the 'connecting' Indian Ocean. It engages with the related scholarly queries to look for ways of studying the region beyond empire- and state-centred approaches and beyond the artificial boundaries between South Asian and Southeast Asian studies. It discusses why and how people identify with worlds of ideas, beliefs, and related histories that differ from or compete with official, state-centred histories. Finally, it warns against pitfalls of the new transnational approaches that focus on cultural flows. These run the risk of exaggerating the region's cultural unity, of constructing idealized and elitist worlds of unified cosmopolitans, and of obfuscating mechanism of inclusion and exclusion at work at state and transnational levels.</p>

Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art / Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek, 2002

Genèses, 2012

A partir de l’etude detaillee d’une serie d’attaques a main armee (rampok) dans la ville de Madiu... more A partir de l’etude detaillee d’une serie d’attaques a main armee (rampok) dans la ville de Madiun en 1934, l’article s’interroge sur les dynamiques policieres a l’œuvre au niveau local aux Indes neerlandaises orientales. L’echec de la prevention policiere des cambriolages a Madiun eut beaucoup a voir avec le caractere fragmentaire des dispositifs policiers. La solution finalement choisie par l’Etat colonial – des arrestations et des incarcerations de masse – fut de l’ordre de la question de prestige?: celui de l’Etat mais aussi de l’elite javanaise.

Empire and Science in the Making, 2013

In the (post-)modern Western world, “archaeological” sites, especially sites that contain ruinous... more In the (post-)modern Western world, “archaeological” sites, especially sites that contain ruinous buildings, are often regarded as places of great importance; they can give people a sense of belonging to certain ethnic groups, religious worldviews, or civilizing missions. Since the rise of nation-states, these sites time and again came to symbolize a combination of national, cultural, and political origins. Sometimes a ruin was also regarded as a prefiguration of future prosperity, or even as a place that symbolizes a parallel or even lost world. But the spectrum of meanings connected to these places is much greater than this. This can become clear if we look at the ways ruins were depicted and explained in the early modern time in Europe, and in the context of Western colonial expansion.1 During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, ruins—“real” ones or so-called follies in landscape gardens—often figured in allegorical explanations that contained strong moral or religious connotations. They functioned as “memento mori”-signs or as warnings against decay and decadence. Western travelers in the non-Western world in early modern and modern times, who encountered “archaeological” sites with ruined buildings seem to have given them more or less the same meaning as they used to do with ruins closer to home.

BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review, 2013

This article focuses on early archaeological activities on Java between 1800 and 1850 in the cont... more This article focuses on early archaeological activities on Java between 1800 and 1850 in the context of the multiple regime changes of that period. It engages with the New Imperial History’s network-centred approach by looking at circuits of archaeological knowledge gathering in which not empire, but Java’s ruined Hindu and Buddhist temple sites provide ‘the nodal points’. By tracing how people, objects and ideas travelled via these sites, and between the Netherlands and the colony, the article aims to understand the origins and nature of heritage awareness of the modern colonial state. It argues that this archaeological site-centred approach helps us understand how both European concepts and indigenous appropriations of archaeological sites contributed to the development of heritage awareness. There were complex multilayered power-hierarchies at work at these sites and forms of indigenous agency that we might miss if we follow only empire-centred networks. This article is part of t...

BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review, 2013

This introduction is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.

Sites, Bodies and Stories

The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia, 2020

The article proved that pharmaceutical tourism has been developed during a long period of time as... more The article proved that pharmaceutical tourism has been developed during a long period of time as an essential part of medical tourism. The defined forms of activity have an integral character and contribute to the increase of the level of accessibility and quality of medical and pharmaceutical aid to the population outside their regular place of residence. The preconditions for activation the development of medical tourism and the necessity of being regarded as an independent activity of pharmaceutical tourism have been determined. Institutional components of pharmaceutical tourism (a subject, objects, subjects, forms of organization) have been outlined and described as well as the functions, which can be used on two levels: on the level of the government and the society, and in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population and healthcare in general. The integral and dualistic character of pharmaceutical tourism as a modern activity in the system of healthcare has been substantiated. Taking into account modern tendencies as to globalization of national economics, imperfection of mechanisms of government regulation of the level of accessibility of pharmaceutical aid, increase of gap between different countries, groups of population or patients in the resource provision of national systems of healthcare, the need for the development of medical and pharmaceutical tourism will continue in the future. It promotes the development of a complex program of their implementation in Ukraine. KEYWORDS medical tourism, social and economic accessibility of drugs, pharmaceutical tourism, physical accessibility of drugs.

Comparative Studies in Society and History, 2021

Since the nineteenth century, today's South and Southeast Asia have become part of scholarly ... more Since the nineteenth century, today's South and Southeast Asia have become part of scholarly and popular geographies that define the region as a single, superior, civilization with Hindu-Buddhist spiritual traits and its origins in India. These moral geographies of “Greater India” are still current in universities, museums, textbooks, and popular culture across the world. This article explores, for the period from the 1890s to the 1960s, how networks of scholars, intellectuals, and art collectors linking Indonesia, mainland Asia, and the West helped shaping these moral geographies and enabled the inclusion of predominantly Islamic Indonesia. It contributes to recent debates on the role of religion and affections in Orientalism by following object-biographies and focusing on knowledge exchange via the networks they connected, and by exploring the possibilities, violence, and limits of cultural understanding as objects travel from their sites of origin to elsewhere in the world. T...

Polices d’Empires, 2012

Social entrepreneurship is a new academic concept but the practices are old. The Islamic economic... more Social entrepreneurship is a new academic concept but the practices are old. The Islamic economic system has its own social entrepreneurship model that has shown up at the time of the prophet Mohamed (SAWS) and evolved into an institution called Al WAQF. This institution proved its efficiency in resolving social problems in the Islamic society throughout time. In our era, the Islamic financial instruments give new development opportunities for the WAQF concept. This article gives an oversight of the Islamic model of social entrepreneurship and the way Islamic finance can enhance it.

Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic career... more Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic careers of Dutch prehistorians Van Stein Callenfels, Van Heekeren and Van der Hoop, this paper discusses the phenomenon of the ‘colonial archaeologist as hero’ from both a historical and a theoretical (post-colonial) perspective. We thus reconsider those colonial archaeologists who, according to traditional histories of archaeology, ‘discovered’ the prehistoric past of Indonesia during the 1920s and 1930s. We do this in order to gain a better understanding of the colonial dimension of research into the prehistory of the Dutch East Indies and the way it continues to affect the archaeology of post-colonial Indonesia. We focus on the dynamic social and cultural contexts within which the archaeological research was developed and conclude that the creation of knowledge of the prehistoric past included various forms of indigenous involvement.

The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia, 2020

Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic career... more Taking as its starting point a collection of (auto)biographical narratives on the academic careers of Dutch prehistorians Van Stein Callenfels, Van Heekeren and Van der Hoop, this paper discusses the phenomenon of the ‘colonial archaeologist as hero’ from both a historical and a theoretical (post-colonial) perspective. We thus reconsider those colonial archaeologists who, according to traditional histories of archaeology, ‘discovered’ the prehistoric past of Indonesia during the 1920s and 1930s. We do this in order to gain a better understanding of the colonial dimension of research into the prehistory of the Dutch East Indies and the way it continues to affect the archaeology of post-colonial Indonesia. We focus on the dynamic social and cultural contexts within which the archaeological research was developed and conclude that the creation of knowledge of the prehistoric past included various forms of indigenous involvement.

De geschiedenis van de politie in Nederlands-Indie: Uit zorg en angst beschrijft de geschiedenis ... more De geschiedenis van de politie in Nederlands-Indie: Uit zorg en angst beschrijft de geschiedenis van de koloniale politie in Nederlands-Indie tussen 1897 en 1942. Enkele kwesties staan daarbij centraal, zoals de betekenis van de politie voor de koloniale staat en de rol van het geweld dat zij gebruikte. Met als belangrijkste vraag: wat was er koloniaal aan koloniale politie?

<p>Focusing on the practices of knowledge exchange within Dutch colonial heritage politics,... more <p>Focusing on the practices of knowledge exchange within Dutch colonial heritage politics, and the related transnational scholarly networks, in the years immediately before, during and after decolonization, this chapter re-examines the impact of the ends of empire on Indonesia and elsewhere, including their cultural resonances in the post-colonial period. Starting from sites in the Netherlands Indies/ Indonesia, this chapter links up with transnational approaches to imperial and Asian history thriving in the past two decades, often with a focus on the 'connecting' Indian Ocean. It engages with the related scholarly queries to look for ways of studying the region beyond empire- and state-centred approaches and beyond the artificial boundaries between South Asian and Southeast Asian studies. It discusses why and how people identify with worlds of ideas, beliefs, and related histories that differ from or compete with official, state-centred histories. Finally, it warns against pitfalls of the new transnational approaches that focus on cultural flows. These run the risk of exaggerating the region's cultural unity, of constructing idealized and elitist worlds of unified cosmopolitans, and of obfuscating mechanism of inclusion and exclusion at work at state and transnational levels.</p>

Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art / Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek, 2002

Genèses, 2012

A partir de l’etude detaillee d’une serie d’attaques a main armee (rampok) dans la ville de Madiu... more A partir de l’etude detaillee d’une serie d’attaques a main armee (rampok) dans la ville de Madiun en 1934, l’article s’interroge sur les dynamiques policieres a l’œuvre au niveau local aux Indes neerlandaises orientales. L’echec de la prevention policiere des cambriolages a Madiun eut beaucoup a voir avec le caractere fragmentaire des dispositifs policiers. La solution finalement choisie par l’Etat colonial – des arrestations et des incarcerations de masse – fut de l’ordre de la question de prestige?: celui de l’Etat mais aussi de l’elite javanaise.

Empire and Science in the Making, 2013

In the (post-)modern Western world, “archaeological” sites, especially sites that contain ruinous... more In the (post-)modern Western world, “archaeological” sites, especially sites that contain ruinous buildings, are often regarded as places of great importance; they can give people a sense of belonging to certain ethnic groups, religious worldviews, or civilizing missions. Since the rise of nation-states, these sites time and again came to symbolize a combination of national, cultural, and political origins. Sometimes a ruin was also regarded as a prefiguration of future prosperity, or even as a place that symbolizes a parallel or even lost world. But the spectrum of meanings connected to these places is much greater than this. This can become clear if we look at the ways ruins were depicted and explained in the early modern time in Europe, and in the context of Western colonial expansion.1 During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, ruins—“real” ones or so-called follies in landscape gardens—often figured in allegorical explanations that contained strong moral or religious connotations. They functioned as “memento mori”-signs or as warnings against decay and decadence. Western travelers in the non-Western world in early modern and modern times, who encountered “archaeological” sites with ruined buildings seem to have given them more or less the same meaning as they used to do with ruins closer to home.

BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review, 2013

This article focuses on early archaeological activities on Java between 1800 and 1850 in the cont... more This article focuses on early archaeological activities on Java between 1800 and 1850 in the context of the multiple regime changes of that period. It engages with the New Imperial History’s network-centred approach by looking at circuits of archaeological knowledge gathering in which not empire, but Java’s ruined Hindu and Buddhist temple sites provide ‘the nodal points’. By tracing how people, objects and ideas travelled via these sites, and between the Netherlands and the colony, the article aims to understand the origins and nature of heritage awareness of the modern colonial state. It argues that this archaeological site-centred approach helps us understand how both European concepts and indigenous appropriations of archaeological sites contributed to the development of heritage awareness. There were complex multilayered power-hierarchies at work at these sites and forms of indigenous agency that we might miss if we follow only empire-centred networks. This article is part of t...

BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review, 2013

This introduction is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.