Morrison M Bonpasse - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by Morrison M Bonpasse

The National Registry of Exonerations has tallied 1,284 exonerations since 1989 and posted them a... more The National Registry of Exonerations has tallied 1,284 exonerations since 1989 and posted them at the website: http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/browse.aspx. News of exonerations seems to come often from California, Illinois, New York and Texas, but that could be primarily because of their large populations. This article examines how well the states, including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, are doing with correcting wrongful convictions.

An important question facing the country and the Innocence Movement is the size of the tragic wro... more An important question facing the country and the Innocence Movement is the size of the tragic wrongful conviction debacle. Of course, it was already too large when Gary Dotson was exonerated in 1989, but we still must determine how many more innocent people there actually ARE in U.S. prisons. One route to the answer is to examine the rate of exonerations as a percentage of imprisonments for similar crimes and extrapolate. From such calculations, wrongful conviction rates of up to 6% have been estimated. Another route to the answer is to determine how many inmates are actually claiming innocence, and then determine how many of those actually ARE innocent. The 2001 Rand Corporation study gave an estimate of 15% for the percentage of inmates claiming innocence. One source of real-time data of such claims of innocence is the collection of "Last Statements" of inmates sentenced to death. Since 2009, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice has posted online the Last Statements, from 1982 onward, at http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/stat/dr_executed_offenders.html. For this article, all of those 492 Last Statements were collected and linked online at 492 Last Statements. Of the 489 men and 3 women executed in Texas since the end in Texas in 1982 of the post-Furman v. Georgia moratorium, 50 claimed their innocence in direct language. That's 10%+. See 50 Claims of Innocence. Representative examples of the direct language used in such claims are "I'm innocent" and "I didn't kill my wife."

Since the 1989 exoneration of Gary Dotson of his rape conviction in Illinois through DNA testing,... more Since the 1989 exoneration of Gary Dotson of his rape conviction in Illinois through DNA testing, over twelve hundred fifty (1,250) people have been exonerated from their wrongful convictions. The best source for information about those cases since 1989 is the newly created (May, 2012) National Registry of Exonerations, a joint project of the University of Michigan and Northwestern University Law Schools. These exonerations have correctly shaken our faith in the ability of the criminal justice system to determine truth. In every one of those cases, the truth, as determined "beyond a reasonable doubt" by a judge or jury, was false.

The goal of the Single Global Currency Association is the implementation of a single global curre... more The goal of the Single Global Currency Association is the implementation of a single global currency, to be managed by a global central bank/monetary institution, by 2024. The 2005 conference will be the second of the annual conferences at Bretton Woods to explore all aspects of the planned single global currency. The first was on July 9, 2004. These conferences are held each July, to mark the anniversary of the July, 1944 Bretton Woods Monetary Conference. The single global currency will solve the primary problem faced by the 1944 conference: multiple currencies valued by various exchange rate systems. The primary benefits of a single global currency are the end of transaction costs for trading currencies, the end of Balance of Payment problems, and the end of currency speculation, currency crises, currency risk and currency misalignments. As former Federal Reserve Chair Paul Volcker has written, "A global economy requires a global currency."

As globalization continues, businesses are increasingly importing and exporting from countries wi... more As globalization continues, businesses are increasingly importing and exporting from countries with different currencies. To conduct that business, they (whether one or both parties) must pay fees for exchanging one currency for another and they must determine the exchange rate for a particular time. If the transaction is to be conducted over time, they may purchase currency instruments to hedge against currency fluctuation. All of these tasks add up to an average of about 5% of revenue for international businesses. As an increasing number of international businesses understand that these expensive tasks are unnecessary for trade conducted within a monetary union, these businesses are likely candidates to lead the effort to implement a Single Global Currency, to be managed by a Global Central Bank within a Global Monetary Union. In short, a "3-G" world. It's common cents.

As globalization continues, businesses are increasingly importing and exporting from countries wi... more As globalization continues, businesses are increasingly importing and exporting from countries with different currencies. To conduct that business, they must pay fees for exchanging one currency for another and they must determine the exchange rate for a particular time. If the transaction is to be conducted over time, they may purchase currency instruments to hedge against currency fluctuation. The costs of these tasks to such firms are significant. As an increasing number of international businesses understand that these expensive tasks are unnecessary for trade conducted within a monetary union, these businesses are likely to lead the effort to implement a Single Global Currency, to be managed by a Global Central Bank within a Global Monetary Union. In short, a "3-G" world. It's common cents. Much further research is needed to identify the benefits of a Single Global Currency and the steps and schedule necessary for implementation.