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Analysis of variance of eighteen locally adapted rice varieties indicated that all the varieties ... more Analysis of variance of eighteen locally adapted rice varieties indicated that all the varieties were significantly different with respect to all the sixteen quantitative characters which were studied. Biological yield plant-1 , grain yield plant-1 , number of effective tillers plant-1 and 100-grain weight had recorded high PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean. Grain yield plant-1 had a significant and positive association with biological yield plant-1 , days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, leaf blade width, flag leaf width, number of effective tillers plant-1 , leaf blade length and panicle length both at phenotypic and genotypic level. The path analysis revealed that 100-grain weight, number of effective tillers plant-1 , leaf blade width, days to maturity, harvest index, days to 50% flowering, plant height and flag leaf length shows positive and direct effect on grain yield plant-1 at genetic level. Present study suggest that leaf blade width, number of effective tillers plant-1 , days to maturity and 100-grain weight should be given more emphasis during selection of parental lines for high yielding variety. Highlights • The characters viz., leaf blade width, number of effective tillers plant-1 , days to maturity and 100-grain weight are important traits of high grain yield producing rice varieties.

Molecular characterization of 18 wheat cultivars and the amplification was successfully carried o... more Molecular characterization of 18 wheat cultivars and the amplification was successfully carried out 23 SSR primer pairs. A total of 341 allelic variants were detected with an average of 9.2 alleles per locus in which 226 unique alleles were observed at 37 SSR loci, with an average of 6.10 unique alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.347 for the primer Xgwm369 to 0.858 for Xgwm251 & Xgwm282 with an average of 0.691. A maximum similarity coefficient was found between AKAW 4189-3 and Kauz/AA/ Kauz (0.93) while minimum similarity was found between PBW343 and Kauz-dwarf (0.63).The Dendrogram was constructed using Jaccard's similarity coefficients to which entries were classified into six groups on the basis of drawing phenon line at 0.85 coefficient of similarity level. Results of this experiment indicates that hybridization between AKAW4008 with RSP561, AKAW4008 with MB4010, Kauz/AA/Kauz with RSP561, Kauz/AA/ Kauz with MB4010 will produce high yielding heat tolerant hybrid of wheat, because these parental lines has wide genetic base . The results of this experiment suggest that hybridization between AKAW4008 with C306 and Raj3765 with C306 will not produce high yielding heat tolerant hybrid of wheat, because these parental lines shows the narrow genetic base.

The simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis was carried out to determine the diversity among... more The simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis was carried out to determine the diversity among 18 rice varieties grown in Bihar. In total, 223 alleles were detected at the 30 SSR loci, of which all were polymorphic. The number of alleles generated by each marker ranged from 3 to 12 with an average 7.43 alleles per locus. The size of alleles ranged from 66 (RM 161) to 607 bp (RM 128). Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged 0.059 (RM 161) to 0.929 (RM 429) with an average of 0.665 per marker. A dendrogram based on SSR polymorphism grouped all the 18 rice varieties into three major clusters, effectively differentiating the long, medium and short period of maturity varieties, except Richharia that has short maturity period but placed with medium maturity period varieties. It could be concluded that SSR markers are powerful tools to assess the genetic diversity of the varieties. The knowledge about genetic diversity will be helpful to select parental plant for hybridization according to the changing climate.

Introduction Isolation of DNA from plants through efficient, rapid and inexpensive method is nece... more Introduction Isolation of DNA from plants through efficient, rapid and inexpensive method is necessary for marker assisted selection, diversity assessment, quantitative trait loci analysis, germplasm and transgenic plants identification as well as screening. Several researchers [1-3] described DNA isolation methods, which are extensively used in plant molecular biology, but most of the methods are time consuming, laborious, expensive due to multiple steps, requires liquid nitrogen for sample grinding and Phenol for DNA extraction [4-6]. The Cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method is one of the most popular methods for rice genomic DNA isolation, including other plants [7], bacteria [8], fungi [9] and animals [10]. Most of the purposed modified methods for DNA extraction method are the modifications of CTAB method described by prior research workers [1,2]. The main cause of diversity and modification in CTAB method is the composition of cell walls and intra-cellular as well as extra-cellular components. Lignification of cereal cell wall makes degradation difficult, which results in restricted DNA extraction [6]. To overcome this problem in the case of rice leaves some researchers has developed methods for DNA extraction [11]. Some other methods have been also reported to minimize the DNA extraction steps but these methods need liquid nitrogen [12] and Phenol. Continuous liquid nitrogen supply is a problem in many developing countries because purchasing time is unpredictable from overseas [7,13]. Phenol is highly corrosive (can cause severe burns) to skin, toxic (absorbed phenol act as a systemic toxin) and mutagen. We have optimized a simple and rapid method for isolating high-quality plant DNA without liquid nitrogen and Phenol at room temperature from the small amount of rice leaves tissues.

Eighteen rice varieties which are mostly grown in Bihar state of India were studied for genetic d... more Eighteen rice varieties which are mostly grown in Bihar state of India were studied for genetic diversity on the basis of sixteen quantitative characters using numerical taxonomic approach. Eighteen varieties were grouped into nine different clusters revealing sufficient amount of variability among the varieties. Hybridization involving Rajendra Shweta and Dhan Lakshmi with Sudha, Rajendra Bhagwati and Rajshree with Satyam, Rajendra Suwasni and Super Katarni with Nata Mahsuri, Rajendra Bhagwati and Satyam with Sudha were found to be more suitable parents for increasing the grain yield.

The assessment of genetic diversity among the eighteen rice varieties cultivated in Bihar India w... more The assessment of genetic diversity among the eighteen rice varieties cultivated in Bihar India was done using numerical taxonomic approach based on fourteen qualitative traits. Eighteen varieties were grouped into seven different clusters revealing sufficient amount of variability among the varieties. The clustering pattern revealed non-correspondence of geographic diversity with genetic divergence. Richharia with Rajshree and Gautam with Rajendra Mahsuri was found more suitable parents for quality improvement. The wide genetic variation is present among the rice varieties grown in Bihar and they have potential for future breeding programme. INTRODUCTION Rice (Oryza sativa L. 2n= 24) is the staple food for more than one-half of the world population, being grown under diverse agro-climatic situations and cultural conditions over wide geographical range. The precise assessment of the nature and extent of genetic diversity within the rice species is necessary not only for better understanding of the pattern of varietal differentiation and evaluation but also for assisting plant breeders in selecting appropriate materials for further genetic improvement of cultivars and effective management of rice genetic resources. Morphological characterization is the first step in the classification and evaluation of the germplasm (Smith and Smith, 1989; Smith et al., 1991). Qualitative characters are important for plant description (Kurlovich, 1998) and are influenced by consumer preference, socioeconomic scenario and natural selection (Hien et al., 2007). Present study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity based on fourteen qualitative traits among eighteen rice varieties grown in India.

Eighteen rice varieties which are mostly grown in Bihar state of India were studied for genetic d... more Eighteen rice varieties which are mostly grown in Bihar state of India were studied for genetic diversity on the
basis of sixteen quantitative characters using numerical taxonomic approach. Eighteen varieties were grouped
into nine different clusters revealing sufficient amount of variability among the varieties. Hybridization involving
Rajendra Shweta and Dhan Lakshmi with Sudha, Rajendra Bhagwati and Rajshree with Satyam, Rajendra
Suwasni and Super Katarni with Nata Mahsuri, Rajendra Bhagwati and Satyam with Sudha were found to be
more suitable parents for increasing the grain yield.

Black gram (Vignamungo L. Hepper) is a pulse crop and used as a protein rich food in human diet. ... more Black gram (Vignamungo L. Hepper) is a pulse crop and
used as a protein rich food in human diet. India is the largest
producer of black gram. A primary gene centre of black gram is
found in India, thus many landraces of black gram is available in this region, which can be used as parental lines for improvement of black gram against YMV infection. In the present study 32 black gram.
genotypes was screened to identify the YMV infection resistant and
susceptible genotypes through field experiment. The four genotypes
of black gram i.e, UPU 8335, IPU 99-25, PGRU-95004 and SPS-43
were identified as highly YMV resistant, whereas the four genotypes
i.e. IPU 2K-99-226, IPU 99-3, IPU 99-235 and NDU 94-10 were
identified as highly susceptible genotypes. The present study will be
helpful to suggest the YMV resistant genotypes for farmers in north
India anduseful to select the parental lines for development of YMV
resistant black gram varieties through crop improvement program.

Eighteen rice varieties which are mostly grown in Bihar state of India were studied for genetic d... more Eighteen rice varieties which are mostly grown in Bihar state of India were studied for genetic diversity on the
basis of sixteen quantitative characters using numerical taxonomic approach. Eighteen varieties were grouped
into nine different clusters revealing sufficient amount of variability among the varieties. Hybridization involving
Rajendra Shweta and Dhan Lakshmi with Sudha, Rajendra Bhagwati and Rajshree with Satyam, Rajendra
Suwasni and Super Katarni with Nata Mahsuri, Rajendra Bhagwati and Satyam with Sudha were found to be
more suitable parents for increasing the grain yield.