Maurizio Gatta - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Maurizio Gatta

Symmetry

LHCb is one of the four main experiments running at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the Europe... more LHCb is one of the four main experiments running at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the European Organization for Nuclear Research. Since 2010, it has been collecting data to study the Physics of b and c quarks. For the past three years, the experimental apparatus underwent significant upgrades to be ready for a new round of data collection, expected to start in June 2022. The new apparatus is designed to be able to run at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than the previous one, which was 2.0×1032 cm−2s−1, and the whole detector readout will be at a 40 MHz rate. It is worth noticing that the luminosity at the LHCb interaction point, for the characteristics of the detector, needs to be reduced with respect to the luminosity provided by LHC. Major changes in the different subdetectors were required, along with complete modifications of the trigger schemes. The LHCb collaboration is developing and studying different methods for the on-line measurement of luminosity at th...

Proceedings of 41st International Conference on High Energy physics — PoS(ICHEP2022)

The micro-RWELL is a single amplification stage resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector, realize... more The micro-RWELL is a single amplification stage resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector, realized with a copper-clad polyimide foil patterned with a micro-well matrix and coupled with the readout PCB through a DLC resistive film (10 ÷ 100 MOhm/□). The detector is proposed for several applications in HEP that require fast and efficient triggering in harsh environment (LHCb muon-upgrade), low mass fine tracking (FCC-ee, CepC) or high granularity imaging for hadron calorimeter applications (Muon collider). For the phase-2 upgrade of the LHCb experiment, proposed for LHC Run-5, the excellent performance of the current muon detector will need to be maintained at 40 times the pileup level experienced during Run-2. Requirements are challenging for the innermost regions of the muon stations, where detectors with rate capability up to 1 MHz/cm 2 and capable to stand an integrated charge up to 10 C/cm 2 are needed. In this framework an intense optimization program of the micro-RWELL has been launched in the last years, together with a technology transfer to the industry operating in the PCB field. In order to fulfill the requirements, a new layout of the detector with a very dense current evacuation grid of the DLC has been designed. The detector, co-produced by the CERN-EP-DT-MPT Workshop and the ELTOS Company, has been characterized in terms of rate capability exploiting a high intensity 5.9 keV X-ray gun with a spot size (10 ÷ 50 mm diameter) larger than the DLC grounding-pitch. A rate capability exceeding 10 MHz/cm 2 has been achieved, in agreement with previous results obtained with m.i.p. at PSI.

2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)

2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD), 2016

The Fast Tracker is an integral part of trigger upgrade program for the ATLAS experiment. At LHC ... more The Fast Tracker is an integral part of trigger upgrade program for the ATLAS experiment. At LHC Run 2, which started operations in June 2015 at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, the luminosity could reach up to 2•1034 cm−2 s−1 and an average of 40-50 simultaneous proton collisions per beam crossing will be expected. The higher luminosity demands a more sophisticated trigger system with increased use of tracking information. The FTK is a highly-parallel hardware system that rapidly finds and reconstructs tracks in the ATLAS inner-detector at the triggering stage. This paper focuses on the Mezzanine Board that is input module of the entire FTK system. The functions of this board are: receive the pixel and micro-strip data from the ATLAS Silicon read-out drivers, perform clustering, and forward the data to its mother board. Mass production and quality control tests of Mezzanine Boards were completed, and staged installation and commissioning are ongoing. Details of its functionality,...

The first stage of the ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) is an ATCA-based input interface system, where hi... more The first stage of the ATLAS Fast TracKer (FTK) is an ATCA-based input interface system, where hits from the entire silicon tracker are clustered and organized into overlapping eta-phi trigger towers before being sent to the tracking engines. First, FTK Input Mezzanine cards receive hit data and perform clustering to reduce data volume. Then, the ATCA-based Data Formatter system will organize the trigger tower data, sharing data among boards over full mesh backplanes and optic fibers. The board and system level design concepts and implementation details, as well as the operation experiences from the FTK full-chain testing, will be presented.

Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors — PoS(MPGD2017)

Proceedings of The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(EPS-HEP2017)

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2013

In order to reconstruct γγ physics events tagged with High Energy Tagger (HET) in the KLOE-2 (K L... more In order to reconstruct γγ physics events tagged with High Energy Tagger (HET) in the KLOE-2 (K LOng Experiment 2), we need to measure the Time Of Flight (TOF) of the electrons and positrons from the KLOE-2 Interaction Point (IP) to our tagging stations (11 m apart). The required resolution must be better than the bunch spacing (2.7 ns). We have developed and implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA a Time to Digital Converter (TDC) with 625 ps resolution (LSB) along with an embedded data acquisition system and the interface to the online FARM of KLOE-2. We will describe briefly the architecture of the TDC and of the Data AcQuisition (DAQ) system. Some more details will be provided about the zero-suppression algorithm used to reduce the data throughput.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014

The LHCb muon trigger system is based on logical channels. For some stations and/or regions the l... more The LHCb muon trigger system is based on logical channels. For some stations and/or regions the logical channels correspond to the DIALOG outputs, while other stations and/or regions require a combination (OR) of channels coming from more than one chamber or more than one DIALOG output channels. In these cases special boards called Intermediate Boards (IB) are used to generate the logical channel. The 152 IB to instrument the muon detector will be located outside the chamber on the racks near the apparatus. Because of the radiation level foreseen near the detector (@ 2 krad) radiation tolerant device must be used to implement the logic.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014

Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) are very common devices in particles physics experiments. A lot... more Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) are very common devices in particles physics experiments. A lot of “off-the-shelf” TDCs can be employed but the necessity of a custom DAta acQuisition (DAQ) system makes the TDCs implemented on the Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) desirable. Most of the architectures developed so far are based on the tapped delay lines with precision down to 10 ps, obtained with high FPGA resources usage and non-linearity issues to be managed. Often such precision is not necessary; in this case TDC architectures with low resources occupancy are preferable allowing the implementation of data processing systems and of other utilities on the same device. In order to reconstruct γγ physics events tagged with High Energy Tagger (HET) in the KLOE-2 (K LOng Experiment 2), we need to measure the Time Of Flight (TOF) of the electrons and positrons from the KLOE-2 Interaction Point (IP) to our tagging stations (11 m apart). The required resolution must be better than th...