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Book Chapters by Moana Hafoka

NASW Press, 2014

Tongan Americans trace their heritage and ancestry to the island Kingdom of Tonga, a sovereign co... more Tongan Americans trace their heritage and ancestry to the island Kingdom of Tonga, a sovereign constitutional monarchy in the South Pacific (Hau’ofa, 2008). Tongans migrate to the United States primarily for educational and employment opportunities (Cowling, 1990). Of approximately 45,000 Tongan Americans, 18,500 were born outside of the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). About 63 percent of Tongan American families entered the United States before the 1990s and thus have lived in the United States for multiple generations. Tongans reside primarily in Hawaii, California, Utah, and Oregon. Their locations are strategically established to support a transnational life that includes frequent travel to Tonga for family and community events. This chapter will explore aspects of how Tongans have navigated the U.S. thus far.

Papers by Moana Hafoka

The Journal of Family Strengths is brought to you for free and open access

Journal of family strengths, 2013

IN THE CRIMINAL justice system, approximately 80 percent of 4,650,900 adults (Kaeble & Bonczar, 2... more IN THE CRIMINAL justice system, approximately 80 percent of 4,650,900 adults (Kaeble & Bonczar, 2017) and 60 percent of 974,900 juveniles (Hockenberry & Puzzanchera, 2017) processed through the court system are placed on probation. Indeed, probation has been acknowledged as the most common form of community corrections for both adults and juveniles. The field of probation, and more specifically the adult or juvenile probation officers themselves, have grappled with numerous paradigm shifts and challenges, dealing with appropriate resource allocation, development of new treatment resources, offender supervision effectiveness, effects of caseload size and service quality, and potential risk and dangerousness management and the related community protection needs (Lutze, 2014).

by Moana Pahulu Hafoka, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2019 Chair: David A. Makin To date,... more by Moana Pahulu Hafoka, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2019 Chair: David A. Makin To date, there has been little attention given to the reintegration of convicted criminals after their deportation. While in the United States, programs, and interventions are dedicated for the successful reentry of convicted criminals released within the country. The purpose of this article is to explore how deportees experience a reentry into a place that many of them consider an unfamiliar country. This study specifically examines the experiences of Tongans who have been deported from abroad, back to the islands of Tonga. Tonga, the last remaining kingdom in the South Pacific, consists of about 169 islands and is inhabited by approximately 100,000 people. Tonga has never been colonized and maintains much of its cultural values and social organization allowing the country to sustain a strong cultural identity. This study will look into the cultural factors that have aided or hindered the reint...

Federal Probation, 2015

PROBATION OFFICERS HAVE long faced enormous challenges in their work, including large caseloads, ... more PROBATION OFFICERS HAVE long faced enormous challenges in their work, including large caseloads, limited resources, offender management difficulties, and criticism of high recidivism rates and the related threat to public safety (Lutze, 2014; Lynch, 2001; Simon, 1993). The latter two issuesoffender management and recidivism-were highlighted during the 1970s and 1980s as public support for rehabilitation as the primary goal of corrections was waning and the "get tough" approach gained prominence (Gleicher, Manchak, & Cullen, 2013; Lutze, 2014). The result was an increased emphasis on law enforcement at the expense of offender rehabilitation in the latter part of the twentieth century. By the early 2000s, however, the pendulum had begun to shift somewhat, as researchers, the public, and legislators bemoaned the costs, both social and financial, of the "get tough" approach. Numerous studies have found that retributive strategies and intensive supervision probation have not achieved reductions in recidivism (Gendreau,

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 2016

Journal of Family Strengths, 2013

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 2016

NASW Press, 2014

Tongan Americans trace their heritage and ancestry to the island Kingdom of Tonga, a sovereign co... more Tongan Americans trace their heritage and ancestry to the island Kingdom of Tonga, a sovereign constitutional monarchy in the South Pacific (Hau’ofa, 2008). Tongans migrate to the United States primarily for educational and employment opportunities (Cowling, 1990). Of approximately 45,000 Tongan Americans, 18,500 were born outside of the United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). About 63 percent of Tongan American families entered the United States before the 1990s and thus have lived in the United States for multiple generations. Tongans reside primarily in Hawaii, California, Utah, and Oregon. Their locations are strategically established to support a transnational life that includes frequent travel to Tonga for family and community events. This chapter will explore aspects of how Tongans have navigated the U.S. thus far.

The Journal of Family Strengths is brought to you for free and open access

Journal of family strengths, 2013

IN THE CRIMINAL justice system, approximately 80 percent of 4,650,900 adults (Kaeble & Bonczar, 2... more IN THE CRIMINAL justice system, approximately 80 percent of 4,650,900 adults (Kaeble & Bonczar, 2017) and 60 percent of 974,900 juveniles (Hockenberry & Puzzanchera, 2017) processed through the court system are placed on probation. Indeed, probation has been acknowledged as the most common form of community corrections for both adults and juveniles. The field of probation, and more specifically the adult or juvenile probation officers themselves, have grappled with numerous paradigm shifts and challenges, dealing with appropriate resource allocation, development of new treatment resources, offender supervision effectiveness, effects of caseload size and service quality, and potential risk and dangerousness management and the related community protection needs (Lutze, 2014).

by Moana Pahulu Hafoka, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2019 Chair: David A. Makin To date,... more by Moana Pahulu Hafoka, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2019 Chair: David A. Makin To date, there has been little attention given to the reintegration of convicted criminals after their deportation. While in the United States, programs, and interventions are dedicated for the successful reentry of convicted criminals released within the country. The purpose of this article is to explore how deportees experience a reentry into a place that many of them consider an unfamiliar country. This study specifically examines the experiences of Tongans who have been deported from abroad, back to the islands of Tonga. Tonga, the last remaining kingdom in the South Pacific, consists of about 169 islands and is inhabited by approximately 100,000 people. Tonga has never been colonized and maintains much of its cultural values and social organization allowing the country to sustain a strong cultural identity. This study will look into the cultural factors that have aided or hindered the reint...

Federal Probation, 2015

PROBATION OFFICERS HAVE long faced enormous challenges in their work, including large caseloads, ... more PROBATION OFFICERS HAVE long faced enormous challenges in their work, including large caseloads, limited resources, offender management difficulties, and criticism of high recidivism rates and the related threat to public safety (Lutze, 2014; Lynch, 2001; Simon, 1993). The latter two issuesoffender management and recidivism-were highlighted during the 1970s and 1980s as public support for rehabilitation as the primary goal of corrections was waning and the "get tough" approach gained prominence (Gleicher, Manchak, & Cullen, 2013; Lutze, 2014). The result was an increased emphasis on law enforcement at the expense of offender rehabilitation in the latter part of the twentieth century. By the early 2000s, however, the pendulum had begun to shift somewhat, as researchers, the public, and legislators bemoaned the costs, both social and financial, of the "get tough" approach. Numerous studies have found that retributive strategies and intensive supervision probation have not achieved reductions in recidivism (Gendreau,

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 2016

Journal of Family Strengths, 2013

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 2016