MIJRD | Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (original) (raw)

Papers by MIJRD | Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), Jun 30, 2023

This paper explores the concept of Fourth Generation Artificial Intelligence (AI-4) and its poten... more This paper explores the concept of Fourth Generation Artificial Intelligence (AI-4) and its potential impact on various sectors. It begins with an overview of the evolution of AI, from symbolic AI to deep learning, and highlights the limitations of current AI approaches. The characteristics of AI-4, including contextual understanding, explainability, cognitive capabilities, and generalization, are then discussed. The integration of cognitive science and neuroscience principles into AI-4 is examined, along with the ethical implications and considerations associated with its development and deployment. The paper explores the applications and impact of AI-4 in healthcare, transportation, robotics, and finance, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize these sectors. Furthermore, it identifies technical challenges such as scalability, data limitations, explainability, and contextual understanding that need to be addressed for the successful implementation of AI-4. Societal and ethical challenges, including bias and fairness, privacy, accountability, and employment disruption, are also discussed. The contribution of this paper lies in providing a comprehensive overview of AI-4 and its implications. It emphasizes the need for responsible development and deployment of AI-4 systems, considering the ethical implications and societal impact. The paper concludes by highlighting future research directions, including scalable algorithms, addressing data limitations, and advancing explainability techniques. It also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the responsible and beneficial deployment of AI-4 systems. Overall, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in understanding the concept of Fourth Generation Artificial Intelligence and its potential applications, challenges, and implications.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Pátio" and "Beco" are the smallest existing roads in Macau. In the past, many Macau residents liv... more Pátio" and "Beco" are the smallest existing roads in Macau. In the past, many Macau residents lived in "Pátio" and "Beco", and there was close contact and connection between neighbors. The Historic Centre of Macau is the 31st World Cultural Heritage Site in China. In the buffer zone of the historic district, there are many enclosures built by the Chinese in the past. As the street with the lowest level and the smallest scale, it has a certain flexibility and reflects the traditional Chinese social life and culture at that time. This research focuses on the non-legal protection of historical buildings in the buffer zone of Macau's world cultural heritage. Its style, artistic value, and future revitalization are very worthy of research.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of integration of innovative strategies in... more The study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of integration of innovative strategies in teaching Tourism and Management. The respondents are the 21 Instructors and 185 students, and were selected using total enumeration purposive sampling method. Based on the findings of the study, personalized learning and flip classroom were the most commonly used innovative strategies in teaching.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The study aims to determine the level of digital and life skills of CMBT Instructors in teaching ... more The study aims to determine the level of digital and life skills of CMBT Instructors in teaching Hospitality and Management in one of the well-known Colleges and Universities in Nueva Ecija. The respondents were 25 CMBT Instructors and they were selected using purposive sampling technique. A descriptive method correlation was used in order to satisfied the objectives of the study. The results of the study found that CMBT Instructors had moderate level of digital skills that could frequently and repeatedly use and integrate information management skills in teaching tourism and management. life skills with overall weighted mean of 3.39 and verbally interpreted as "Always". Communication and perspective and taking challenges skills rated the highest mean of 3.43, followed by Critical Thinking skills with mean of 3.38 and collaboration rated lowest mean of 3.31 but still all with verbal interpretations of "Always". CMBT Instructors had always and with high level of life skills in teaching Tourism and Management. Digital skills have found positive correlation with life skills of CMBT Instructors teaching Tourism and Management in all terms. This meant that those CMBT Instructors who had digital skills were found positive correlation with the life skills-collaboration, communication, critical thinking and perspective and taking challenges towards better teaching performance.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The study aimed to determine the best fit model for the professional development of publicschool ... more The study aimed to determine the best fit model for the professional development of publicschool teachers in region XII. This study utilized descriptive-correlational design and employed structural equation modeling. Using a stratified random sampling technique, the researcher chose 500 public school teachers across region XII as the respondents. To gather factual data, the researcher used pilot-tested and enhanced adapted questionnaires to determine the level of time management, work task motivation, aspect of identity orientation, and the professional development of public-school teachers through a google form. Results revealed that the time management of public-school teachers in region XII is very high, whereas the work task motivation and aspect of identity orientation are high. In addition, time management, work task motivation, and aspect of identity orientation all show a significant positive correlation to professional development. Further, results showed that work task motivation and aspects of identity orientation influenced professional development. However, time management does not predict professional development. Lastly, the structural equation model 5 revealed that professional development in terms of thematic knowledge, learning environment, educational technology, planning, evaluation, and development of human resources of public-school teachers in the region is best anchored on their time management in terms of its importance, self-conscious, coping, and implementation efforts and supported by their aspect of identity orientation in terms of personal and collective identity orientation.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Various e-voting systems have been available for years with the objective of promoting the protec... more Various e-voting systems have been available for years with the objective of promoting the protection and reducing prices. A secure voting system promises to be achievable now that Ethereum, a randomized platform that enables distributed apps has been established. There is a whole number of options for dealing with these problems, including organizing the additional votes, which would also be cost-effective and time-consuming. If indeed the subscriber authenticates with the appropriate national Identification card number and tries to enter the proper OTP. The core principle is to use blockchain technology in connection with a mutual authentication scheme and encryption algorithm to create a centralized e-voting system that does not rely on a trusted third party. It permits a public and open process of voting while also safeguarding voter identification, data transmission privacy, and ballot reliability and validity throughout the payment phase.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The problem in this research is the low thematic learning outcomes for grade IV Elementary School... more The problem in this research is the low thematic learning outcomes for grade IV Elementary School North Teluk Betung Cluster. The purpose of this study was to describe a significant relationship between parental participation and emotional intelligence on student learning outcomes during the covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is an ex-post-facto correlation. The population in this research is 134 students and the research sample was determined by Proportional Random Sampling with a total of 57 students. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale, which was tested for the validity and reliability of the instrument. Analysis of the data used is Product Moment correlation. The results of the study found a significant relationship between parental participation and emotional intelligence on student learning outcomes with a correlation coefficient of 0.768 at the "Strong" level.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility level of the Lentera Mini Server as a ... more The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility level of the Lentera Mini Server as a digital learning medium for both teachers and high school students in the 3T region (outermost, underdeveloped, leading) in the West Sumatra region. The method chosen is quantitative because it is considered suitable for conducting a feasibility test. The testing procedure is performed using Beta Test and Alpha Test techniques. In this study, students of class XI at SMAN 1 Siberut Utara Mentawai islands became the focus of research subjects. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis used quantitative analysis. The results obtained by Mini Server Lentera as a digital learning medium in Information and Communication Technology Subjects, hardware materials and their functions for Internet access purposes received an assessment of 8.50% from media experts, 85.83% of material experts, and 85.73% of users or students. So it can be concluded that the Mini Server Lentera as a digital learning media in Information and Communication Technology subjects, hardware materials and functions for Internet access purposes is very suitable for learning at SMA Negeri 1 Siberut Utara, Mentawai Islands.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Speech signal processing has become a challenging area in speaker separation and recognition unde... more Speech signal processing has become a challenging area in speaker separation and recognition under noisy conditions. Hereafter, new researchers and areas of development have led speaker identification as a speech processing subfield. The traditional speaker recognition method uses an autocorrelation detection algorithm. When disturbed by the background noise, the detection output signal-to-noise ratio is not high. Thus, an algorithm is proposed based on wavelet speech enhancement and text-related feature extraction. The speaker speech recognition system’s overall design is done in a noisy environment by voice noise’s feature matching to complete speech signal noise filtering processing. Wavelet adaptive feature decomposition is used to accomplish speech enhancement processing and to extract the relevant features. The extracted is put into the backpropagation (BP) neural network classifier to realize speaker recognition. The simulation results show that the algorithm for speech detection and analysis has high recognition accuracy, low probability of false detection, good performance of noise reduction, and superior indicators.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

One of the legal issues is justice, which is related to values. Within the scope of philosophy, i... more One of the legal issues is justice, which is related to values. Within the scope of philosophy, it is related to decisions regarding moral judgments, aesthetic judgments, religion, culture, and other social issues. Value here means an abstract quality of an object. According to Kuhn, the established science is ruled by a single paradigm. This paradigm guides scientific activities in normal science, where scientists can describe and develop paradigms in detail and depth. Legal norms that contain two elements, assessment and behavior standards, are used to assess people's lives.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The urgency of Corpu development in government agencies is in line with the mandate of Government... more The urgency of Corpu development in government agencies is in line with the mandate of Government Regulation Number 17 in 2020 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 11 in 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants. Article 203 paragraph (4a) states that competency development is carried out through an integrated learning system approach (corporate university) which is followed up by East Java Governor Regulation Number 59 in 2021. This shows that the Corpu approach has been accepted as part of a competency development policy, and needs to be implemented by all government agencies. Corpu in this case is interpreted as an ASN competency development approach that acts as a strategic tool to support the achievement of the organization's vision and mission through an integrated learning process involving experts from inside/outside government agencies. ASN Corpu structure does not need to be formed in an organizational structure, attached to the existing organizational structure. The tasks, functions and activities that exist in ASN Corpu can be added to the tasks and functions of the applicable structure.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The University of the Philippines Visaya has developed a Modified Solar Dryer (MSD) facility for ... more The University of the Philippines Visaya has developed a Modified Solar Dryer (MSD) facility for improving the quality of dried fish and the technology was extended and transferred to Partido State University. The effectiveness of the dryer was compared to Open Air Dry (OAD), a traditional method of drying. Drying characteristics studies on Split Mullet Fish (Mugil cephalus) brine and different concentrations were conducted using MSD and OAD. The Split fish were dried for 2 days or 16 hours or until the required recommended moisture content of dried fish is reached. The temperature obtained inside and outside the MSD during drying ranges from 31.4 -41.60C and29.7-35.50C respectively. Dryers and brining methods had a significant (p<0.05) on moisture loss and sensory attributes. Brines fish at 10% concentration dried in MSD showed moisture loss (59.23%) It was found that only 12 h of drying is required to bring down to the recommended moisture content of 18-20% for the dried split fish at 10% brine concentration and received highest overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation study.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Science and technology have an important role in maintaining the ecosystem of the universe. In sc... more Science and technology have an important role in maintaining the ecosystem of the universe. In science, the philosophy of science paradigm was put forward to integrate metaphysics with the physical, micro, and macro elements and the general with the. This study aims to explore the knowledge whose essence comes from thoughts about human philosophy, namely the basis of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The deductive descriptive method was used to explain in general the view of science in the awareness of human moral formation from a dialectical process. The root of the multidimensional paradigm in examining a scientific truth in the dialectical process is by integrating the ontology, epistemology, and axiology aspects based on epistemic, scientific, and cultural values of society.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), Jan 3, 2022

The Internet of Things has become a very important sector and has recognized to be a billiondolla... more The Internet of Things has become a very important sector and has recognized to be a billiondollar commerce. It is a large group of sensors and devices connected through wire or wireless and continuously shares data providing several benefits. Still, at the same time, the connectivity and its nature make it a target of cyber-attacks. These devices need to be secured. This paper proposes an intelligent model for securing IoT devices from such attacks. The authors used Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier, which has been trained and evaluated under the CICMAL2017 dataset. The performance of this model is assessed under all the standard evaluation metrics. The attained accuracy of our model is 99.3 %, with a precision of 99.7 %. Finally, to demonstrate the suggested model's efficacy, we compare it to alternative models.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development , Dec 30, 2021

The study aims to determine the impact of online classes on the laboratory subjects in Hospitalit... more The study aims to determine the impact of online classes on the laboratory subjects in Hospitality Management Students in one of the prestigious Colleges and Universities in Nueva Ecija. The participants of the study were 25 teachers and 100 Hospitality Management Students and they were selected using a purposive sampling technique. A mixed-method research design was used in order to satisfy the objectives of the study. Based on the findings of the study online laboratory classes based on the assessments made by the respondents have an impact on students' learning specifically in developing communication skills including those involved in working group has the highest weighted mean of 3.45 interpreted as "Strongly Agree". Thus, online laboratory classes were found a limited learning opportunity to engage with others, the reason why the teachers/ professors were found ways to increase students' learning engagement via social media platforms to help learners improve their learning skills and boost their confidence to showcase their talents and skills in the field they belong. On the other hand, the findings of the study based on the determinants of student's satisfaction, the structure of online laboratory classes such as flexibility of learning and quality of technology used were considered determinants of students' satisfaction on online laboratory classes. Moreover, the study found advantages and disadvantages of online laboratory classes in Hospitality Management students. On advantages, the students enhanced enthusiasm for interactive learning, increase IT literacy, ensured safe learning laboratory activities, serves as a visual aid in teaching complex concepts and laboratory activities, offers instant feedback, allows learning flexibility and affordability than the physical laboratory. On the contrary, practical skills that are expected not honed, will not provide sensory and practical experiences for the learners and students will get insensitive to failure and danger in a real-life situation.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

This study employed discriminant analysis to predict undergraduate student՚s performance in the U... more This study employed discriminant analysis to predict undergraduate student՚s performance in the University system. Data on the first year students of the department of Mathematical Sciences were obtained from the Examination and Records unit of the department. The data was analysed using predictive discriminant analysis and it yielded a canonical discriminant function which successfully predicted 87.2% of the graduating student՚s class of degree. The cross validated classification showed that overall 72.27% were correctly classified. The model performance was validated with statistical tools.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

Most Livestock farmers in Nigeria lack orientation on the current trends and best practices in li... more Most Livestock farmers in Nigeria lack orientation on the current trends and best practices in livestock farming. This study is aimed at investigating the role of information use in livestock production in Katsina State. For the objective to be achieved, quantitative research method was adopted, while survey design was employed respectively. Livestock farmers in Daura, Dandume and Jibia local governments formed the population of the study. The study adopted cluster sampling technique. 75 out of 600 livestock farmers were randomly selected from the livestock farmers' clubs/associations in the local government areas of study in Katsina state. However, self-developed and structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The study revealed that breeding techniques, new breed varieties, access to market, credit/loan facilities, livestock disease control and milk processing were the type of agricultural information utilised by the livestock farmers in the local government areas studied for sustainable animal production. It was also found that breeding techniques, new breed varieties, access to market, milk processing, climate, weather, credit/ loan facilities, price of antibiotics, transaction costs, and livestock disease control were the type of agricultural information the livestock farmers prefer most to utilised in the local government areas studied. The need to utilise agricultural information on environment use, transaction cost, seller liability and declaration acts and milk processing across the local government areas was highly recommended.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

In a hybrid network, the transmission of data relies on the routing protocol that selects the mos... more In a hybrid network, the transmission of data relies on the routing protocol that selects the most effective routes between any two or more nodes. The differing types of routing protocols which are wired and wireless are applied to the specific network environment. This project work is titled evaluation of hybrid network using OPNET. The OPNET 14.5 was employed to implement the network systems using design algorithmic architecture and the network was simulated with different parameters before the evaluation and analysis of results obtained. The three scenarios each with one routing protocol (OSPF, EIGRP, and AODV) was simulated and Evaluation of these routing protocols is performed based on the quantitative metrics such as Convergence time, Ethernet delay, CPU utilization, Point-to-Point network throughput, and Packet dropped (Loss), HTTP (web) page response, FTP upload response, E-mail download response, and Voice end-to-end delay through the simulated network models. The results of each simulated scenario were captured in a DES graph and also with the corresponding table of the results. For convergence duration and activity of the three protocols (AODV, OSPF & EIGRP), it was found that EIGRP has the fastest routing protocol than OSPF. In case of the network delay, the results show that the EIGRP has less latency compared to OSPF which has little high latency. According to the CPU utilization, the results found that the CPU usage in the network is falling between 11%-12%. Also, a network throughput result for a selected object was shown the actual amount of traffic flow (packet/sec) and lastly, IP packet drop

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

The deep space and the stunning level of sophistication of cyberattacks on critical infrastructur... more The deep space and the stunning level of sophistication of cyberattacks on critical infrastructures, facilities and services on which our contemporary existence has become increasingly dependent, is cause for great concern. Even though a great deal goes unreported, the reports available so far is alarming. What this implies is that we are existing at the precipice of a cyber-holocaust, it appears that the threats posed by these occurrences are not properly understood by the relevant stakeholders and the society in general. In this study, confirmed occurrences of successful cyber-attacks are presented in an extensive literature review. And based on this review pertinent data from secondary sources that have a keen interest in ensuring a secure cyber space is used to highlight subsisting and persisting threats. The information is also used to show future threats as regards the security of cyber space as the world anticipates intensification of cyber-attacks especially among state actors, as well as sophisticated corporate syndicates and highly motivated knowledgeable groups and individuals. From the analysis it appears that the approaches currently put in place to check/mitigate the incidence of cyber-attacks are not producing veritable results. Consequently, this study suggests the need to develop frameworks that will support multi and trans disciplinary approaches to the problem as well as improve/ enhance treaties among nations and the need for nations and corporate institutions and to take responsibility for cyber escalation.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

A Certificate verification system is a system designed to digitize the process of adding certific... more A Certificate verification system is a system designed to digitize the process of adding certificates and verifying the certificate records considering the problems faced by doing this manually. The system was studied and relevant officials were interviewed to acquire the required data. This designed system allows for easy retrieval of information that is accurate for effective and efficient allocations. It has easy maintenance of information as well as time saving and reduction in operation. The front end of the system was designed using HTML and CSS, while the backend was developed using PHP. The output is an interactive, menu-driven and user-friendly system which provides timely and accurate information about certificates. The certificate operations are recorded and stored in the computer and retrieved at will. The system also ensures security as users must log in before and after any certificate is added or printed.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), Jun 30, 2023

This paper explores the concept of Fourth Generation Artificial Intelligence (AI-4) and its poten... more This paper explores the concept of Fourth Generation Artificial Intelligence (AI-4) and its potential impact on various sectors. It begins with an overview of the evolution of AI, from symbolic AI to deep learning, and highlights the limitations of current AI approaches. The characteristics of AI-4, including contextual understanding, explainability, cognitive capabilities, and generalization, are then discussed. The integration of cognitive science and neuroscience principles into AI-4 is examined, along with the ethical implications and considerations associated with its development and deployment. The paper explores the applications and impact of AI-4 in healthcare, transportation, robotics, and finance, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize these sectors. Furthermore, it identifies technical challenges such as scalability, data limitations, explainability, and contextual understanding that need to be addressed for the successful implementation of AI-4. Societal and ethical challenges, including bias and fairness, privacy, accountability, and employment disruption, are also discussed. The contribution of this paper lies in providing a comprehensive overview of AI-4 and its implications. It emphasizes the need for responsible development and deployment of AI-4 systems, considering the ethical implications and societal impact. The paper concludes by highlighting future research directions, including scalable algorithms, addressing data limitations, and advancing explainability techniques. It also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the responsible and beneficial deployment of AI-4 systems. Overall, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in understanding the concept of Fourth Generation Artificial Intelligence and its potential applications, challenges, and implications.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Pátio" and "Beco" are the smallest existing roads in Macau. In the past, many Macau residents liv... more Pátio" and "Beco" are the smallest existing roads in Macau. In the past, many Macau residents lived in "Pátio" and "Beco", and there was close contact and connection between neighbors. The Historic Centre of Macau is the 31st World Cultural Heritage Site in China. In the buffer zone of the historic district, there are many enclosures built by the Chinese in the past. As the street with the lowest level and the smallest scale, it has a certain flexibility and reflects the traditional Chinese social life and culture at that time. This research focuses on the non-legal protection of historical buildings in the buffer zone of Macau's world cultural heritage. Its style, artistic value, and future revitalization are very worthy of research.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of integration of innovative strategies in... more The study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of integration of innovative strategies in teaching Tourism and Management. The respondents are the 21 Instructors and 185 students, and were selected using total enumeration purposive sampling method. Based on the findings of the study, personalized learning and flip classroom were the most commonly used innovative strategies in teaching.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The study aims to determine the level of digital and life skills of CMBT Instructors in teaching ... more The study aims to determine the level of digital and life skills of CMBT Instructors in teaching Hospitality and Management in one of the well-known Colleges and Universities in Nueva Ecija. The respondents were 25 CMBT Instructors and they were selected using purposive sampling technique. A descriptive method correlation was used in order to satisfied the objectives of the study. The results of the study found that CMBT Instructors had moderate level of digital skills that could frequently and repeatedly use and integrate information management skills in teaching tourism and management. life skills with overall weighted mean of 3.39 and verbally interpreted as "Always". Communication and perspective and taking challenges skills rated the highest mean of 3.43, followed by Critical Thinking skills with mean of 3.38 and collaboration rated lowest mean of 3.31 but still all with verbal interpretations of "Always". CMBT Instructors had always and with high level of life skills in teaching Tourism and Management. Digital skills have found positive correlation with life skills of CMBT Instructors teaching Tourism and Management in all terms. This meant that those CMBT Instructors who had digital skills were found positive correlation with the life skills-collaboration, communication, critical thinking and perspective and taking challenges towards better teaching performance.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The study aimed to determine the best fit model for the professional development of publicschool ... more The study aimed to determine the best fit model for the professional development of publicschool teachers in region XII. This study utilized descriptive-correlational design and employed structural equation modeling. Using a stratified random sampling technique, the researcher chose 500 public school teachers across region XII as the respondents. To gather factual data, the researcher used pilot-tested and enhanced adapted questionnaires to determine the level of time management, work task motivation, aspect of identity orientation, and the professional development of public-school teachers through a google form. Results revealed that the time management of public-school teachers in region XII is very high, whereas the work task motivation and aspect of identity orientation are high. In addition, time management, work task motivation, and aspect of identity orientation all show a significant positive correlation to professional development. Further, results showed that work task motivation and aspects of identity orientation influenced professional development. However, time management does not predict professional development. Lastly, the structural equation model 5 revealed that professional development in terms of thematic knowledge, learning environment, educational technology, planning, evaluation, and development of human resources of public-school teachers in the region is best anchored on their time management in terms of its importance, self-conscious, coping, and implementation efforts and supported by their aspect of identity orientation in terms of personal and collective identity orientation.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Various e-voting systems have been available for years with the objective of promoting the protec... more Various e-voting systems have been available for years with the objective of promoting the protection and reducing prices. A secure voting system promises to be achievable now that Ethereum, a randomized platform that enables distributed apps has been established. There is a whole number of options for dealing with these problems, including organizing the additional votes, which would also be cost-effective and time-consuming. If indeed the subscriber authenticates with the appropriate national Identification card number and tries to enter the proper OTP. The core principle is to use blockchain technology in connection with a mutual authentication scheme and encryption algorithm to create a centralized e-voting system that does not rely on a trusted third party. It permits a public and open process of voting while also safeguarding voter identification, data transmission privacy, and ballot reliability and validity throughout the payment phase.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The problem in this research is the low thematic learning outcomes for grade IV Elementary School... more The problem in this research is the low thematic learning outcomes for grade IV Elementary School North Teluk Betung Cluster. The purpose of this study was to describe a significant relationship between parental participation and emotional intelligence on student learning outcomes during the covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is an ex-post-facto correlation. The population in this research is 134 students and the research sample was determined by Proportional Random Sampling with a total of 57 students. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale, which was tested for the validity and reliability of the instrument. Analysis of the data used is Product Moment correlation. The results of the study found a significant relationship between parental participation and emotional intelligence on student learning outcomes with a correlation coefficient of 0.768 at the "Strong" level.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility level of the Lentera Mini Server as a ... more The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility level of the Lentera Mini Server as a digital learning medium for both teachers and high school students in the 3T region (outermost, underdeveloped, leading) in the West Sumatra region. The method chosen is quantitative because it is considered suitable for conducting a feasibility test. The testing procedure is performed using Beta Test and Alpha Test techniques. In this study, students of class XI at SMAN 1 Siberut Utara Mentawai islands became the focus of research subjects. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis used quantitative analysis. The results obtained by Mini Server Lentera as a digital learning medium in Information and Communication Technology Subjects, hardware materials and their functions for Internet access purposes received an assessment of 8.50% from media experts, 85.83% of material experts, and 85.73% of users or students. So it can be concluded that the Mini Server Lentera as a digital learning media in Information and Communication Technology subjects, hardware materials and functions for Internet access purposes is very suitable for learning at SMA Negeri 1 Siberut Utara, Mentawai Islands.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Speech signal processing has become a challenging area in speaker separation and recognition unde... more Speech signal processing has become a challenging area in speaker separation and recognition under noisy conditions. Hereafter, new researchers and areas of development have led speaker identification as a speech processing subfield. The traditional speaker recognition method uses an autocorrelation detection algorithm. When disturbed by the background noise, the detection output signal-to-noise ratio is not high. Thus, an algorithm is proposed based on wavelet speech enhancement and text-related feature extraction. The speaker speech recognition system’s overall design is done in a noisy environment by voice noise’s feature matching to complete speech signal noise filtering processing. Wavelet adaptive feature decomposition is used to accomplish speech enhancement processing and to extract the relevant features. The extracted is put into the backpropagation (BP) neural network classifier to realize speaker recognition. The simulation results show that the algorithm for speech detection and analysis has high recognition accuracy, low probability of false detection, good performance of noise reduction, and superior indicators.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

One of the legal issues is justice, which is related to values. Within the scope of philosophy, i... more One of the legal issues is justice, which is related to values. Within the scope of philosophy, it is related to decisions regarding moral judgments, aesthetic judgments, religion, culture, and other social issues. Value here means an abstract quality of an object. According to Kuhn, the established science is ruled by a single paradigm. This paradigm guides scientific activities in normal science, where scientists can describe and develop paradigms in detail and depth. Legal norms that contain two elements, assessment and behavior standards, are used to assess people's lives.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The urgency of Corpu development in government agencies is in line with the mandate of Government... more The urgency of Corpu development in government agencies is in line with the mandate of Government Regulation Number 17 in 2020 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 11 in 2017 concerning Management of Civil Servants. Article 203 paragraph (4a) states that competency development is carried out through an integrated learning system approach (corporate university) which is followed up by East Java Governor Regulation Number 59 in 2021. This shows that the Corpu approach has been accepted as part of a competency development policy, and needs to be implemented by all government agencies. Corpu in this case is interpreted as an ASN competency development approach that acts as a strategic tool to support the achievement of the organization's vision and mission through an integrated learning process involving experts from inside/outside government agencies. ASN Corpu structure does not need to be formed in an organizational structure, attached to the existing organizational structure. The tasks, functions and activities that exist in ASN Corpu can be added to the tasks and functions of the applicable structure.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

The University of the Philippines Visaya has developed a Modified Solar Dryer (MSD) facility for ... more The University of the Philippines Visaya has developed a Modified Solar Dryer (MSD) facility for improving the quality of dried fish and the technology was extended and transferred to Partido State University. The effectiveness of the dryer was compared to Open Air Dry (OAD), a traditional method of drying. Drying characteristics studies on Split Mullet Fish (Mugil cephalus) brine and different concentrations were conducted using MSD and OAD. The Split fish were dried for 2 days or 16 hours or until the required recommended moisture content of dried fish is reached. The temperature obtained inside and outside the MSD during drying ranges from 31.4 -41.60C and29.7-35.50C respectively. Dryers and brining methods had a significant (p<0.05) on moisture loss and sensory attributes. Brines fish at 10% concentration dried in MSD showed moisture loss (59.23%) It was found that only 12 h of drying is required to bring down to the recommended moisture content of 18-20% for the dried split fish at 10% brine concentration and received highest overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation study.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2022

Science and technology have an important role in maintaining the ecosystem of the universe. In sc... more Science and technology have an important role in maintaining the ecosystem of the universe. In science, the philosophy of science paradigm was put forward to integrate metaphysics with the physical, micro, and macro elements and the general with the. This study aims to explore the knowledge whose essence comes from thoughts about human philosophy, namely the basis of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The deductive descriptive method was used to explain in general the view of science in the awareness of human moral formation from a dialectical process. The root of the multidimensional paradigm in examining a scientific truth in the dialectical process is by integrating the ontology, epistemology, and axiology aspects based on epistemic, scientific, and cultural values of society.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), Jan 3, 2022

The Internet of Things has become a very important sector and has recognized to be a billiondolla... more The Internet of Things has become a very important sector and has recognized to be a billiondollar commerce. It is a large group of sensors and devices connected through wire or wireless and continuously shares data providing several benefits. Still, at the same time, the connectivity and its nature make it a target of cyber-attacks. These devices need to be secured. This paper proposes an intelligent model for securing IoT devices from such attacks. The authors used Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier, which has been trained and evaluated under the CICMAL2017 dataset. The performance of this model is assessed under all the standard evaluation metrics. The attained accuracy of our model is 99.3 %, with a precision of 99.7 %. Finally, to demonstrate the suggested model's efficacy, we compare it to alternative models.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development , Dec 30, 2021

The study aims to determine the impact of online classes on the laboratory subjects in Hospitalit... more The study aims to determine the impact of online classes on the laboratory subjects in Hospitality Management Students in one of the prestigious Colleges and Universities in Nueva Ecija. The participants of the study were 25 teachers and 100 Hospitality Management Students and they were selected using a purposive sampling technique. A mixed-method research design was used in order to satisfy the objectives of the study. Based on the findings of the study online laboratory classes based on the assessments made by the respondents have an impact on students' learning specifically in developing communication skills including those involved in working group has the highest weighted mean of 3.45 interpreted as "Strongly Agree". Thus, online laboratory classes were found a limited learning opportunity to engage with others, the reason why the teachers/ professors were found ways to increase students' learning engagement via social media platforms to help learners improve their learning skills and boost their confidence to showcase their talents and skills in the field they belong. On the other hand, the findings of the study based on the determinants of student's satisfaction, the structure of online laboratory classes such as flexibility of learning and quality of technology used were considered determinants of students' satisfaction on online laboratory classes. Moreover, the study found advantages and disadvantages of online laboratory classes in Hospitality Management students. On advantages, the students enhanced enthusiasm for interactive learning, increase IT literacy, ensured safe learning laboratory activities, serves as a visual aid in teaching complex concepts and laboratory activities, offers instant feedback, allows learning flexibility and affordability than the physical laboratory. On the contrary, practical skills that are expected not honed, will not provide sensory and practical experiences for the learners and students will get insensitive to failure and danger in a real-life situation.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

This study employed discriminant analysis to predict undergraduate student՚s performance in the U... more This study employed discriminant analysis to predict undergraduate student՚s performance in the University system. Data on the first year students of the department of Mathematical Sciences were obtained from the Examination and Records unit of the department. The data was analysed using predictive discriminant analysis and it yielded a canonical discriminant function which successfully predicted 87.2% of the graduating student՚s class of degree. The cross validated classification showed that overall 72.27% were correctly classified. The model performance was validated with statistical tools.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

Most Livestock farmers in Nigeria lack orientation on the current trends and best practices in li... more Most Livestock farmers in Nigeria lack orientation on the current trends and best practices in livestock farming. This study is aimed at investigating the role of information use in livestock production in Katsina State. For the objective to be achieved, quantitative research method was adopted, while survey design was employed respectively. Livestock farmers in Daura, Dandume and Jibia local governments formed the population of the study. The study adopted cluster sampling technique. 75 out of 600 livestock farmers were randomly selected from the livestock farmers' clubs/associations in the local government areas of study in Katsina state. However, self-developed and structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The study revealed that breeding techniques, new breed varieties, access to market, credit/loan facilities, livestock disease control and milk processing were the type of agricultural information utilised by the livestock farmers in the local government areas studied for sustainable animal production. It was also found that breeding techniques, new breed varieties, access to market, milk processing, climate, weather, credit/ loan facilities, price of antibiotics, transaction costs, and livestock disease control were the type of agricultural information the livestock farmers prefer most to utilised in the local government areas studied. The need to utilise agricultural information on environment use, transaction cost, seller liability and declaration acts and milk processing across the local government areas was highly recommended.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

In a hybrid network, the transmission of data relies on the routing protocol that selects the mos... more In a hybrid network, the transmission of data relies on the routing protocol that selects the most effective routes between any two or more nodes. The differing types of routing protocols which are wired and wireless are applied to the specific network environment. This project work is titled evaluation of hybrid network using OPNET. The OPNET 14.5 was employed to implement the network systems using design algorithmic architecture and the network was simulated with different parameters before the evaluation and analysis of results obtained. The three scenarios each with one routing protocol (OSPF, EIGRP, and AODV) was simulated and Evaluation of these routing protocols is performed based on the quantitative metrics such as Convergence time, Ethernet delay, CPU utilization, Point-to-Point network throughput, and Packet dropped (Loss), HTTP (web) page response, FTP upload response, E-mail download response, and Voice end-to-end delay through the simulated network models. The results of each simulated scenario were captured in a DES graph and also with the corresponding table of the results. For convergence duration and activity of the three protocols (AODV, OSPF & EIGRP), it was found that EIGRP has the fastest routing protocol than OSPF. In case of the network delay, the results show that the EIGRP has less latency compared to OSPF which has little high latency. According to the CPU utilization, the results found that the CPU usage in the network is falling between 11%-12%. Also, a network throughput result for a selected object was shown the actual amount of traffic flow (packet/sec) and lastly, IP packet drop

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

The deep space and the stunning level of sophistication of cyberattacks on critical infrastructur... more The deep space and the stunning level of sophistication of cyberattacks on critical infrastructures, facilities and services on which our contemporary existence has become increasingly dependent, is cause for great concern. Even though a great deal goes unreported, the reports available so far is alarming. What this implies is that we are existing at the precipice of a cyber-holocaust, it appears that the threats posed by these occurrences are not properly understood by the relevant stakeholders and the society in general. In this study, confirmed occurrences of successful cyber-attacks are presented in an extensive literature review. And based on this review pertinent data from secondary sources that have a keen interest in ensuring a secure cyber space is used to highlight subsisting and persisting threats. The information is also used to show future threats as regards the security of cyber space as the world anticipates intensification of cyber-attacks especially among state actors, as well as sophisticated corporate syndicates and highly motivated knowledgeable groups and individuals. From the analysis it appears that the approaches currently put in place to check/mitigate the incidence of cyber-attacks are not producing veritable results. Consequently, this study suggests the need to develop frameworks that will support multi and trans disciplinary approaches to the problem as well as improve/ enhance treaties among nations and the need for nations and corporate institutions and to take responsibility for cyber escalation.

Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development (MIJRD), 2021

A Certificate verification system is a system designed to digitize the process of adding certific... more A Certificate verification system is a system designed to digitize the process of adding certificates and verifying the certificate records considering the problems faced by doing this manually. The system was studied and relevant officials were interviewed to acquire the required data. This designed system allows for easy retrieval of information that is accurate for effective and efficient allocations. It has easy maintenance of information as well as time saving and reduction in operation. The front end of the system was designed using HTML and CSS, while the backend was developed using PHP. The output is an interactive, menu-driven and user-friendly system which provides timely and accurate information about certificates. The certificate operations are recorded and stored in the computer and retrieved at will. The system also ensures security as users must log in before and after any certificate is added or printed.