Mohd Lip Jabit - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mohd Lip Jabit

Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 2013

A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour ... more A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from fresh Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has been developed.A polysaccharide derivative known as Sephadex LH-20 has been used as the stationary phase to separate the chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from the juice. Eight common chemical compounds responsible for the undesirable odour have been reduced and some have been successfully removed from the M. citrofolia juice. Based on analysis using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer), the eight major compounds and groups of compounds that contributed to undesirable odour were identified as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, tridecane, methyl ester, 4-octanol, undecane and methyl arachate. Keywords: odour; polysaccharide derivative; sephadex LH-20; Morinda citrifolia

tetrahydroxy-4-(1 ,I-dimethyl ally1)xanthone (25) and cudratricusxanthone H (26). The two xanthon... more tetrahydroxy-4-(1 ,I-dimethyl ally1)xanthone (25) and cudratricusxanthone H (26). The two xanthones isolated from the dichloromethane extract were characterised as 1,3,5,6tetrahydroxy-2-(1,l-dimethylallyl)-4-(3-methyl-2-buteny1)xanthone or macluraxanthone C (27) and the new penangianaxanthone (25). Compound designated as 29 was also found as a mixture of 27 in dichloromethane fraction. The biosynthesis of 25,26 and 28 was suggested in the discussion. These compounds were tested for cytotoxic assay by using MTT Tetrazolium method on MCF-7 cells (hormone dependent breast cancer cells), DU145 (prostate cancer cells) and H460 (non-small lung cancer cells). Compound 25,26, 27,28 and mixture of 29 and 27 exhibited good and potent cytotoxic activity on MCF-7, NCI-H460 and DU145 cell lines. However, 23 and 24 showed no activity toward MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cell lines. 26,27, 28 and mixture of 29 and 27 showed similar pattern of cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7 cell line with ICso values of 3.9 f. 0.8, 3.1 + 0.1, 5.8 + 1.2 and 3-0 f. 0.2 pg/mL, respectively. Similar patterns of cytotoxic activity were also observed when 25, 26, 27, 28 and mixture of 29 and 27 tested on NCI-H460 cell lines. The compounds showed ICso values of 13.4 + 1.1 pg/mL, 5.0 f. 1.2 pg/mL, 1.4 + 0.9pg/mL, 4.5 f 1.4 and 2.0 f 0.7 pg/mL, respectively. 26,27,28 and mixture of 29 and 27 showed similar pattern of cytotoxic activity toward DU145 cell line with their ICso values of 4.6 f 0.2,2.6 + 0.6, 4.3 + 0.4 M m L and 3.0 f 0.4 pg/mL, respectively. Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM GARCZM PENANGL4NA LEAVES MOHD LIP BIN JABIT

Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 2013

A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour ... more A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from fresh Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has been developed.A polysaccharide derivative known as Sephadex LH-20 has been used as the stationary phase to separate the chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from the juice. Eight common chemical compounds responsible for the undesirable odour have been reduced and some have been successfully removed from the M. citrofolia juice. Based on analysis using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer), the eight major compounds and groups of compounds that contributed to undesirable odour were identified as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, tridecane, methyl ester, 4-octanol, undecane and methyl arachate. Keywords: odour; polysaccharide derivative; sephadex LH-20; Morinda citrifolia

Natural Product Communications, 2007

Two new xanthones, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1) and isocaledonixanthone D (2), and four known ones... more Two new xanthones, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1) and isocaledonixanthone D (2), and four known ones, gaudichaudione H, 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, as well as lupeol were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia urophylla (Guttiferae). Their structures were determined using a combination of 1D (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT) and 2D (COSY, gHSQC, gHMBC) NMR spectroscopic techniques. Among the isolates, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1), gaudichaudione H, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone demonstrated cytotoxic activities against breast (MCF-7), prostate (DU-145), and lung (NCI-H460) human cancer cell lines.

Advances in Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2018

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators known as leukot... more 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators known as leukotrienes which are responsible for asthma, allergic inflammation and innate immunity. This paper reports the evaluation of 30 species of Malaysian plant extracts potential in inhibiting 5-LO activity. Five plant extracts exhibited >80% inhibition against 5-LO activity which include Phyllanthus watsonii, Euphorbia hirta, Anacardium occidentale, Acalypha wilkensiana and Piper betle. Nine plant extracts exhibited moderate value of inhibition (79-40%), while sixteen others exhibited <40% inhibition. From the screening work via inhibition of 5-LO activity, P. watsonii showed the highest inhibition with value of 97.3%, followed by E. hirta with 90.9% inhibition. Both plant extracts were further fractioned using organic solvent which include Dichloromethane (DCM), Ethyl Acetate (EA) and Butanol (BuOH) for evaluation of their inhibiting effects on 5-LO activity. For P. watsonii, DCM fraction exhibited the highest value with 75% inhibition, while for E. hirta, EA fraction exhibited the highest value of 72.5% inhibition. Both active fractions were further subjected to isolation and purification work in order to identify the major compounds. Subsequently, four major compounds managed to be isolated and purified which further identified as quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (E1), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (E2), 26-nor-D: A-friedoolean-14-en-3β-ol (PW1) and glochidonol (PW2) using spectroscopic technique and their data comparison with literature.

Modern Applied Science, 2015

Adsorption of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by thermally treated rice husk was investigated ... more Adsorption of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by thermally treated rice husk was investigated using factorial experimental design to study effects of heating temperature and period of rice husk, pH, initial Zn(II) ion concentration, adsorption temperature and contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Main and interaction effects of these factors were analyzed using statistical techniques and the results were analyzed statistically using the Student's t-analysis and analysis of variance which were used to determine significant factors that affect the percentage removal of Zn(II). These significant factors were heating temperature of rice husk, pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The interaction between two different effects also affects the percentage removal of Zn(II) ions. These include the interactions between heating temperature of rice husk and initial metal concentration, pH and initial metal concentration, and pH and the adsorbent dosage.

Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2007

Two new xanthones, characterized as 4-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1) ... more Two new xanthones, characterized as 4-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1) and penangianaxanthone (2), with three known xanthones, cudratricusxanthone H (3), macluraxanthone C (4) and gerontoxanthone C (5), as well as friedelin and stigmasterol were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia penangiana. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with the literature ones. Significant cytotoxicity against DU-145, MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines was demonstrated by compounds 1D5, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 to 72.8 μm.

Planta Medica, 2009

In a recent study, we have shown that the crude methanol extract of Mitragyna speciosa (of the fa... more In a recent study, we have shown that the crude methanol extract of Mitragyna speciosa (of the family Rubiaceae) exerted significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activities in rodents as evident in the carageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tests [1], but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Our present study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory activities of this plant in vitro in order to rationalize the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of some stomach ailments [2]. The pharmacologic actions of M. speciosa were assessed by measuring the mechanical activity of isolated guinea pig ileum strips in an organ bath. The resultant methanol extract (0.01–0.05mg/ml) caused a stimulatory effect followed by a relaxation of ileal activities at a higher dose (0.3–5mg/ml) (p<0.05). These results indicate that M. speciosa exert spasmogenic effects at a lower dose and a spasmolytic effect at a higher dose thus corroborating the use of plant in the treatment of diarrhoea and constipation. Moreover, results indicated that pretreatment with M. speciosa (0.3–5mg/ml) which were tested positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, sterols and tannins produced significant concentration-dependant inhibition of spasmogenic activities when exposed to single submaximal contraction induced by histamine (H) and bradykinin (B). These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of M. speciosa is mediated possibly through the H and B receptor antagonism, thus providing a scientific basis for the folkloric use of this plant in stomach disorders.

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012

The present study describes the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activity and lipophilic profile... more The present study describes the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activity and lipophilic profile with acute toxicological studies of Urtica dioica. Successive extraction of the leaves with organic solvents of increasing polarity and their screening for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity was assessed. Hexane extract showed good anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity; hence it was further fractionated using open silica gel column chromatography into 19 sub fractions which were pooled together according to their thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile to give an overall 5 fractions. Among the 5 fractions, fraction-II (FII) at a dose of 200 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) exhibits equipotent antiinflammatory activity (48.83% after 3 h) as that of the standard drug indomethacin (53.48%) in Wistar rats. FII also showed a potent anti-microbial activity against all the tested bacterial strains and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 125, 15.62, 31.25, 250, 31.25, 125 and 7.81 µg/ml against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi, respectively which was determined by serial tube dilution method. FII was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in search of potent anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial compound(s). 2,4-Di-t-butylphenol (4.56%), neophytadiene (26.97%), butyl tetradecyl ester (9.53%), dibutyl phthalate (7.45%), bis(2-ethyl hexyl) maleate (8.80%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (9.89%) and 2-tert-butyl-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4hydroxybenzyl)phenol (3.19%) were the major constituents responsible for both anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity of hexane extract of U. dioica. Sub-acute oral toxicity of crude n-hexane extract of U. dioica was carried out in Wistar rats at doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw to assess the safety index. Hematological parameters from blood and other biochemical parameters from serum confirmed its safety at tested concentrations. Our results corroborate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of U. dioica, and could justify its use in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis and other infectious diseases.

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009

The methanol extracts of 32 plant parts of 19 species of the genus Garcinia (Guttiferae) were col... more The methanol extracts of 32 plant parts of 19 species of the genus Garcinia (Guttiferae) were collected from rainforests of the Malaysian Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, for evaluation of their in vitro cytotoxic and nitric oxide inhibitory activities. An end-point MTT cell viability assay was used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extracts in three human tumor cell lines representing tumors of the breast (MCF-7), lung (NCI-H460) and prostate (DU-145). Griess assay was performed to assess the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Of the 32 extracts, 27 showed cytotoxic activity in at least one of the three tumor cell lines used in this study. Four extracts, Garcinia opaca King (fruit), Garcinia maingayi Hook.f. (stem), Garcinia penangiana Pierre (leaf) and Garcinia urophylla Scortech.ex King (leaf) extracts showed the most potent and selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 3-8 ?g/mL). The extracts from Garcinia cowa Roxb. (stem), Garcinia bancana Miq. (stem) and Garcinia malaccensis Hook.f. (leaf) showed moderate activity and selectivity towards non-small lung tumor cells. The extracts from Garcinia bancana (stem), Garcinia malaccensis (stem), Garcinia prainiana King (leaf), Garcinia rostrata Hassk.ex Hook.f. (stem and leaf), Garcinia cowa (stem) and Garcinia nervosa Miq. (leaf) exhibited inhibition against NO production without affecting the viability of LPS and IFN-?-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Among these, the most promising extracts were G. bancana (stem) and G. malaccensis (stem), as they showed the highest selectivity indices (>50) for NO inhibition. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that some of the Garcinia species could potentially contain potent and selective cytotoxic and antiinflammatory agents.

Journal of Medical Sciences(Faisalabad), 2009

This study is conducted to investigate the possible effect of zerumbone towards hepatoprotective ... more This study is conducted to investigate the possible effect of zerumbone towards hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol intoxication. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups consisted of 3-5 animals. Group I was administered with 0.2% zerumbone for 14 days prior to 3 g kg-1 paracetamol administration. Group II was given paracetamol early and group III was given 200 mg kg-1 of silymarin and paracetamol. Group IV was administered with zerumbone only and finally group V was treated with corn oil and 40% sucrose buffer as vehicle treated group. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 24 h post treatment following diethyl ether. There was no significant changes in liver enzyme activities as well as histological observations at 4 h after paracetamol administration. Meanwhile, 24 h after paracetamol administration, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase. (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found to be reduced in rats that were pretreated with zerumbone compared to group that was treated with paracetamol only. Correspondingly, there was no hepatocellular necrosis observed in rats that were pretreated with zerumbone. The results obtained may have suggested that zerumbone exert hepatoprotective activities against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 2013

A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour ... more A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from fresh Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has been developed.A polysaccharide derivative known as Sephadex LH-20 has been used as the stationary phase to separate the chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from the juice. Eight common chemical compounds responsible for the undesirable odour have been reduced and some have been successfully removed from the M. citrofolia juice. Based on analysis using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer), the eight major compounds and groups of compounds that contributed to undesirable odour were identified as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, tridecane, methyl ester, 4-octanol, undecane and methyl arachate. Keywords: odour; polysaccharide derivative; sephadex LH-20; Morinda citrifolia

tetrahydroxy-4-(1 ,I-dimethyl ally1)xanthone (25) and cudratricusxanthone H (26). The two xanthon... more tetrahydroxy-4-(1 ,I-dimethyl ally1)xanthone (25) and cudratricusxanthone H (26). The two xanthones isolated from the dichloromethane extract were characterised as 1,3,5,6tetrahydroxy-2-(1,l-dimethylallyl)-4-(3-methyl-2-buteny1)xanthone or macluraxanthone C (27) and the new penangianaxanthone (25). Compound designated as 29 was also found as a mixture of 27 in dichloromethane fraction. The biosynthesis of 25,26 and 28 was suggested in the discussion. These compounds were tested for cytotoxic assay by using MTT Tetrazolium method on MCF-7 cells (hormone dependent breast cancer cells), DU145 (prostate cancer cells) and H460 (non-small lung cancer cells). Compound 25,26, 27,28 and mixture of 29 and 27 exhibited good and potent cytotoxic activity on MCF-7, NCI-H460 and DU145 cell lines. However, 23 and 24 showed no activity toward MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cell lines. 26,27, 28 and mixture of 29 and 27 showed similar pattern of cytotoxic activity toward MCF-7 cell line with ICso values of 3.9 f. 0.8, 3.1 + 0.1, 5.8 + 1.2 and 3-0 f. 0.2 pg/mL, respectively. Similar patterns of cytotoxic activity were also observed when 25, 26, 27, 28 and mixture of 29 and 27 tested on NCI-H460 cell lines. The compounds showed ICso values of 13.4 + 1.1 pg/mL, 5.0 f. 1.2 pg/mL, 1.4 + 0.9pg/mL, 4.5 f 1.4 and 2.0 f 0.7 pg/mL, respectively. 26,27,28 and mixture of 29 and 27 showed similar pattern of cytotoxic activity toward DU145 cell line with their ICso values of 4.6 f 0.2,2.6 + 0.6, 4.3 + 0.4 M m L and 3.0 f 0.4 pg/mL, respectively. Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM GARCZM PENANGL4NA LEAVES MOHD LIP BIN JABIT

Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 2013

A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour ... more A specific selective technique for reduction of chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from fresh Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has been developed.A polysaccharide derivative known as Sephadex LH-20 has been used as the stationary phase to separate the chemical compounds that caused undesirable odour from the juice. Eight common chemical compounds responsible for the undesirable odour have been reduced and some have been successfully removed from the M. citrofolia juice. Based on analysis using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer), the eight major compounds and groups of compounds that contributed to undesirable odour were identified as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, tridecane, methyl ester, 4-octanol, undecane and methyl arachate. Keywords: odour; polysaccharide derivative; sephadex LH-20; Morinda citrifolia

Natural Product Communications, 2007

Two new xanthones, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1) and isocaledonixanthone D (2), and four known ones... more Two new xanthones, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1) and isocaledonixanthone D (2), and four known ones, gaudichaudione H, 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, as well as lupeol were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia urophylla (Guttiferae). Their structures were determined using a combination of 1D (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT) and 2D (COSY, gHSQC, gHMBC) NMR spectroscopic techniques. Among the isolates, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1), gaudichaudione H, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone demonstrated cytotoxic activities against breast (MCF-7), prostate (DU-145), and lung (NCI-H460) human cancer cell lines.

Advances in Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2018

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators known as leukot... more 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators known as leukotrienes which are responsible for asthma, allergic inflammation and innate immunity. This paper reports the evaluation of 30 species of Malaysian plant extracts potential in inhibiting 5-LO activity. Five plant extracts exhibited >80% inhibition against 5-LO activity which include Phyllanthus watsonii, Euphorbia hirta, Anacardium occidentale, Acalypha wilkensiana and Piper betle. Nine plant extracts exhibited moderate value of inhibition (79-40%), while sixteen others exhibited <40% inhibition. From the screening work via inhibition of 5-LO activity, P. watsonii showed the highest inhibition with value of 97.3%, followed by E. hirta with 90.9% inhibition. Both plant extracts were further fractioned using organic solvent which include Dichloromethane (DCM), Ethyl Acetate (EA) and Butanol (BuOH) for evaluation of their inhibiting effects on 5-LO activity. For P. watsonii, DCM fraction exhibited the highest value with 75% inhibition, while for E. hirta, EA fraction exhibited the highest value of 72.5% inhibition. Both active fractions were further subjected to isolation and purification work in order to identify the major compounds. Subsequently, four major compounds managed to be isolated and purified which further identified as quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (E1), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (E2), 26-nor-D: A-friedoolean-14-en-3β-ol (PW1) and glochidonol (PW2) using spectroscopic technique and their data comparison with literature.

Modern Applied Science, 2015

Adsorption of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by thermally treated rice husk was investigated ... more Adsorption of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by thermally treated rice husk was investigated using factorial experimental design to study effects of heating temperature and period of rice husk, pH, initial Zn(II) ion concentration, adsorption temperature and contact time, and adsorbent dosage. Main and interaction effects of these factors were analyzed using statistical techniques and the results were analyzed statistically using the Student's t-analysis and analysis of variance which were used to determine significant factors that affect the percentage removal of Zn(II). These significant factors were heating temperature of rice husk, pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The interaction between two different effects also affects the percentage removal of Zn(II) ions. These include the interactions between heating temperature of rice husk and initial metal concentration, pH and initial metal concentration, and pH and the adsorbent dosage.

Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 2007

Two new xanthones, characterized as 4-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1) ... more Two new xanthones, characterized as 4-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1) and penangianaxanthone (2), with three known xanthones, cudratricusxanthone H (3), macluraxanthone C (4) and gerontoxanthone C (5), as well as friedelin and stigmasterol were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia penangiana. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with the literature ones. Significant cytotoxicity against DU-145, MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines was demonstrated by compounds 1D5, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 to 72.8 μm.

Planta Medica, 2009

In a recent study, we have shown that the crude methanol extract of Mitragyna speciosa (of the fa... more In a recent study, we have shown that the crude methanol extract of Mitragyna speciosa (of the family Rubiaceae) exerted significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activities in rodents as evident in the carageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tests [1], but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Our present study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory activities of this plant in vitro in order to rationalize the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of some stomach ailments [2]. The pharmacologic actions of M. speciosa were assessed by measuring the mechanical activity of isolated guinea pig ileum strips in an organ bath. The resultant methanol extract (0.01–0.05mg/ml) caused a stimulatory effect followed by a relaxation of ileal activities at a higher dose (0.3–5mg/ml) (p<0.05). These results indicate that M. speciosa exert spasmogenic effects at a lower dose and a spasmolytic effect at a higher dose thus corroborating the use of plant in the treatment of diarrhoea and constipation. Moreover, results indicated that pretreatment with M. speciosa (0.3–5mg/ml) which were tested positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, sterols and tannins produced significant concentration-dependant inhibition of spasmogenic activities when exposed to single submaximal contraction induced by histamine (H) and bradykinin (B). These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of M. speciosa is mediated possibly through the H and B receptor antagonism, thus providing a scientific basis for the folkloric use of this plant in stomach disorders.

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012

The present study describes the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activity and lipophilic profile... more The present study describes the anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activity and lipophilic profile with acute toxicological studies of Urtica dioica. Successive extraction of the leaves with organic solvents of increasing polarity and their screening for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity was assessed. Hexane extract showed good anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity; hence it was further fractionated using open silica gel column chromatography into 19 sub fractions which were pooled together according to their thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile to give an overall 5 fractions. Among the 5 fractions, fraction-II (FII) at a dose of 200 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) exhibits equipotent antiinflammatory activity (48.83% after 3 h) as that of the standard drug indomethacin (53.48%) in Wistar rats. FII also showed a potent anti-microbial activity against all the tested bacterial strains and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 125, 15.62, 31.25, 250, 31.25, 125 and 7.81 µg/ml against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi, respectively which was determined by serial tube dilution method. FII was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in search of potent anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial compound(s). 2,4-Di-t-butylphenol (4.56%), neophytadiene (26.97%), butyl tetradecyl ester (9.53%), dibutyl phthalate (7.45%), bis(2-ethyl hexyl) maleate (8.80%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (9.89%) and 2-tert-butyl-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4hydroxybenzyl)phenol (3.19%) were the major constituents responsible for both anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity of hexane extract of U. dioica. Sub-acute oral toxicity of crude n-hexane extract of U. dioica was carried out in Wistar rats at doses of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw to assess the safety index. Hematological parameters from blood and other biochemical parameters from serum confirmed its safety at tested concentrations. Our results corroborate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of U. dioica, and could justify its use in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis and other infectious diseases.

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2009

The methanol extracts of 32 plant parts of 19 species of the genus Garcinia (Guttiferae) were col... more The methanol extracts of 32 plant parts of 19 species of the genus Garcinia (Guttiferae) were collected from rainforests of the Malaysian Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, for evaluation of their in vitro cytotoxic and nitric oxide inhibitory activities. An end-point MTT cell viability assay was used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the extracts in three human tumor cell lines representing tumors of the breast (MCF-7), lung (NCI-H460) and prostate (DU-145). Griess assay was performed to assess the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Of the 32 extracts, 27 showed cytotoxic activity in at least one of the three tumor cell lines used in this study. Four extracts, Garcinia opaca King (fruit), Garcinia maingayi Hook.f. (stem), Garcinia penangiana Pierre (leaf) and Garcinia urophylla Scortech.ex King (leaf) extracts showed the most potent and selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 3-8 ?g/mL). The extracts from Garcinia cowa Roxb. (stem), Garcinia bancana Miq. (stem) and Garcinia malaccensis Hook.f. (leaf) showed moderate activity and selectivity towards non-small lung tumor cells. The extracts from Garcinia bancana (stem), Garcinia malaccensis (stem), Garcinia prainiana King (leaf), Garcinia rostrata Hassk.ex Hook.f. (stem and leaf), Garcinia cowa (stem) and Garcinia nervosa Miq. (leaf) exhibited inhibition against NO production without affecting the viability of LPS and IFN-?-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Among these, the most promising extracts were G. bancana (stem) and G. malaccensis (stem), as they showed the highest selectivity indices (>50) for NO inhibition. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that some of the Garcinia species could potentially contain potent and selective cytotoxic and antiinflammatory agents.

Journal of Medical Sciences(Faisalabad), 2009

This study is conducted to investigate the possible effect of zerumbone towards hepatoprotective ... more This study is conducted to investigate the possible effect of zerumbone towards hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol intoxication. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups consisted of 3-5 animals. Group I was administered with 0.2% zerumbone for 14 days prior to 3 g kg-1 paracetamol administration. Group II was given paracetamol early and group III was given 200 mg kg-1 of silymarin and paracetamol. Group IV was administered with zerumbone only and finally group V was treated with corn oil and 40% sucrose buffer as vehicle treated group. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 24 h post treatment following diethyl ether. There was no significant changes in liver enzyme activities as well as histological observations at 4 h after paracetamol administration. Meanwhile, 24 h after paracetamol administration, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase. (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found to be reduced in rats that were pretreated with zerumbone compared to group that was treated with paracetamol only. Correspondingly, there was no hepatocellular necrosis observed in rats that were pretreated with zerumbone. The results obtained may have suggested that zerumbone exert hepatoprotective activities against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.