M. Jungwirth - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M. Jungwirth

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Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen, 2001

The first concepts dealing with the basic principles of running water ecosystems focused on longi... more The first concepts dealing with the basic principles of running water ecosystems focused on longitudinal processes and functions (VANNOTE et al. 1980). They were soon followed by the perception that the ecological integrity of large alluvial f!oodplain rivers strongly depends on the ecological connectivity acting across floodplains (AMoRos & Roux 1988, WARD & STANFORD 1995, ]UNGWJRTH 1998). With respect to fish, spatial patterns of assemblages, longitudinal zonations, as well as various longitudinal, and lateral movements and interactions, are strongly influenced by connectivity features. Fish species, and their life-stage specific requirements, exist in both longitudinal and lateral dimensions as well as in relation to various spatial/temporal scales. The present paper focuses o n the relevance of longitudinal and lateral connectivity for the ecological integrity of running waters by using fish as indicators. The significance of connectivity for fishes is discussed for the Danube s...

The 350-km-long Austrian Danube river section has been changed dramatically by channelization in ... more The 350-km-long Austrian Danube river section has been changed dramatically by channelization in the 19th century and hydropower plant construction since the 1950es. A research project on the alluvial Machland floodplain (Austria) is currently striving to reconstruct former habitat turnover and change of vegetation patterns of the Danube river-floodplain system based on the analyses of historical sources between 1715 and 1991 (Hohensinner & al. 2004). The focus is on the question, whether under natural conditions, certain vegetation types experienced a significant development towards advanced successional stages rather than an interruption due to the strong hydromorphological dynamics periodically regenerates specific elements of the river landscape. Furthermore, a key issue is the consequences of human interferences on habitat turnover and habitat age (Poff, N.L. & al 1997, Stanford J.A. & al 1996). Here, a combined vector/raster GIS approach was employed to model scenarios of habi...

Based on a survey of relevant literature, this article describes the great variety of ecological ... more Based on a survey of relevant literature, this article describes the great variety of ecological repercussion from diversion-type power stations in respect of problems such as damming, spillway-water intake-water to be discharged into the natural river bed below diversion weirs, turbines and headraces-problems relating to what flows remain in natural river beds as well as water level surging and reducing. Special attention in given to the question of fixing compensation water flows, with special emphasis being placed on specific solutions being found to individual problems, as against mathematical models. Tests using different flows in natural river beds below the weirs with respect to aspects of landscape, vegetation, and fish and soil faune as well as step-wise adjustement of discharge to the natural river bed combined with the checking of results in terms of fish ecology are recommended as a suitable approach

Limnocythere inopinata is the most abundant ostracod species of the open lake (Schiemer et al, 19... more Limnocythere inopinata is the most abundant ostracod species of the open lake (Schiemer et al, 1969), whereas the ostracod fauna of the reed belt is mainly represented by Candoninae and Cyprininae (see Chapter 26). Like the other benthic fauna (Schiemer et al. 1969) L. inopinata shows a distinct distribution pattern.

Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, 2008

Developments in Earth Surface Processes, 2007

In the 19th and 20th centuries, most alluvial rivers in the northern hemisphere were severely dis... more In the 19th and 20th centuries, most alluvial rivers in the northern hemisphere were severely disturbed with respect to their hydro-morphology, connectivity, and bedload and discharge regimes. In Austria the relative frequency of braided reaches declined from 28% to 1% over the last century. Thus, several recent restoration efforts have concentrated on formerly dynamic gravel-bed rivers affected by channelisation and

River Research and Applications, 2004

International Journal of River Basin Management, 2005

Abstract The 350‐km‐long Austrian Danube river section has been changed dramatically by channelis... more Abstract The 350‐km‐long Austrian Danube river section has been changed dramatically by channelisation in the 19th century and by hydropower plant construction since the 1950s. These have drastically reduced the hydrological connectivity and flood retention capacity of the Danube river landscape. Restoration measures currently under discussion for the Machland floodplain (river‐km 2094–2084) aim to re‐establish lateral connectivity in floodplain areas that are hydrologically separated from the main channel. This would also ...

CATENA, 2008

... while the Vienna site has been utilized more intensively as building land and for urbaninfras... more ... while the Vienna site has been utilized more intensively as building land and for urbaninfrastructure. ... The data for Vienna were obtained by means of a digital terrain model (DTM) that ... to the used sources (maps), the historical data used here enable new 3D-reconstructions of ...

Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming (ed.), Proceedings of the Ecoflood Conference, Sep 1, 2003

Abstract: The 350 km long Austrian Danube river section has been changed dramatically by channeli... more Abstract: The 350 km long Austrian Danube river section has been changed dramatically by channelization in the 19th century and hydropower plant construction since the 1950s. These have drastically reduced hydrological connectivity and flood retention capacity of the Danube river landscape. Restoration measures currently under discussion for the Machland floodplain (river-km 2094-2084) aim to re-establish lateral connectivity and increase the flood retention capacity. In this discussion process, the analysis of historical records ...

Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2005

Today, natural reference sections are not available for most rivers in the Western world and, con... more Today, natural reference sections are not available for most rivers in the Western world and, consequently, restoration projects increasingly rely on historical references. The 350-km-long Austrian Danube river section has also been changed dramatically by channelisation and hydropower plant construction. Currently, a research project is attempting to reconstruct the former habitat turnover of the alluvial Danube landscape in the Machland (Upper/Lower Austria) based on the analyses of historical sources between 1715 and 1991. The results of this study point to a dynamic equilibrium of both morphological habitat succession and permanent habitat regeneration related to intensive fluvial disturbances. This equilibrium can be referred to as a “shifting habitat mosaic”. Natural fluvial dynamics not only altered habitat area shares, but also resulted in high habitat age diversities. The reconstructed age distributions point to very short life spans of certain habitat types. Over the long ...

Hydrobiologia, 2000

Current ecological theories and concepts describe running waters as four-dimensional systems, the... more Current ecological theories and concepts describe running waters as four-dimensional systems, their longitudinal, lateral and vertical linkages, interactions and exchange processes varying over time and over different scales. According to Ward & Stanford's (1983) extended serial discontinuity concept (ESDC), along a three-reach river, model the relative strength of the longitudinal pathways is highest in the constrained headwaters, vertical interactions reach

River Systems

Within four-dimensional alluvial floodplain river systems, connectivity plays an important role f... more Within four-dimensional alluvial floodplain river systems, connectivity plays an important role for diverse fish communities. This is evident at three different temporal/ spatial levels. The zoogeographic level (1) shows that connectivity at a large temporal and spatial scale is an important ...

Geomorphology, 2013

ABSTRACT Human-unimpaired braided and anabranched river systems are characterized by manifold mul... more ABSTRACT Human-unimpaired braided and anabranched river systems are characterized by manifold multi-dimensional exchange processes. The intensity of hydrological surface/subsurface connectivity of riverine habitats depends on more than regular or episodic water level fluctuations due to the hydrological regime. Morphodynamic changes are also a basic underlying factor. In order to provide new insights into the long-term habitat configuration of large rivers prior to channelization, this study discusses the hydromorphological alterations of an alluvial section of the Austrian Danube based on historical records from 1715 to 2006. The study combines the analysis of habitat patterns and intensity of hydrological connectivity over the long term with the reconstruction of short-term morphodynamic processes between 1812 and 1821. The main research questions are (1) whether the intensive morphodynamics prior to channelization are reflected by a marked variation in habitat patterns or whether the variation remained within a small range, and (2) which fluvial processes contributed to the evolution of the habitat configuration identified. The study reveals that the mean variations in the habitat patterns and the intensity of hydrological connectivity were only between 3% and 10% before 1821, although the river landscape was subject to intensive fluvial disturbances. An exception was the expansion of aquatic habitats between low and mean flow, which deviated by 15%. Habitat evolution was affected by morphodynamic processes occurring across different temporal scales. Both gradual channel changes such as incision or migration and sudden processes such as avulsions (cut-offs) contributed to the patterns identified. Locally, sudden channel changes extensively altered the habitat conditions with regard to hydrological surface/subsurface connectivity. Such alterations foster or restrain the potential evolution and the ecological succession of the riparian vegetation at the respective sites. On a larger spatial and temporal scale, however, the changes in the intensity of hydrological connectivity were largely balanced. The results support the hypothesis that a resilient “shifting mosaic steady-state” existed over the long term as long as the framework conditions (e.g. climate) did not significantly change. The habitat mosaic representing different types and different ages potentially allowed many riverine species to co-exist in an environment with frequent perturbations. From 1821 onwards, river engineering measures significantly altered habitat patterns and severely truncated the potential of the system to recover from disturbances.

Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2013

Historical data are widely used in river ecology to define reference conditions or to investigate... more Historical data are widely used in river ecology to define reference conditions or to investigate the evolution of aquatic systems. Most studies rely on printed documents from the 19th century, thus missing preindustrial states and human impacts. This article discusses historical sources that can be used to reconstruct the development of riverine fish communities from the Late Middle Ages until the mid-20th century. Based on the studies of the Austrian Danube and northern Russian rivers, we propose a classification scheme of printed and archival sources and describe their fish ecological contents. Five types of sources were identified using the origin of sources as the first criterion: (i) early scientific surveys, (ii) fishery sources, (iii) fish trading sources, (iv) fish consumption sources and (v) cultural representations of fish. Except for early scientific surveys, all these sources were produced within economic and administrative contexts. They did not aim to report about historical fish communities, but do contain information about commercial fish and their exploitation. All historical data need further analysis for a fish ecological interpretation. Three case studies from the investigated Austrian and Russian rivers demonstrate the use of different source types and underline the necessity for a combination of different sources and a methodology combining different disciplinary approaches. Using a large variety of historical sources to reconstruct the development of past fish ecological conditions can support future river management by going beyond the usual approach of static historical reference conditions.

Archiv für Hydrobiologie. Supplementband. …, 1999