M. Lokhande - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M. Lokhande

Current Science, Nov 10, 2014

G. S. Sidhu*, T. Bhattacharyya, D. Sarkar, S. K. Ray, P. Chandran, D. K. Pal, D. K. Mandal, J. Pr... more G. S. Sidhu*, T. Bhattacharyya, D. Sarkar, S. K. Ray, P. Chandran, D. K. Pal, D. K. Mandal, J. Prasad, K. M. Nair, A. K. Sahoo, T. H. Das, R. S. Singh, C. Mandal, R. Srivastava, T. K. Sen, S. Chatterji, N. G. Patil, G. P. Obireddy, S. K. Mahapatra, K. S. Anil Kumar, K. Das, A. K. Singh, S. K. Reza, D. Dutta, S. Srinivas, P. Tiwary, K. Karthikeyan, M. V. Venugopalan, K. Velmourougane, A. Srivastava, Mausumi Raychaudhuri, D. K. Kundu, K. G. Mandal, G. Kar, S. L. Durge, G. K. Kamble, M. S. Gaikwad, A. M. Nimkar, S. V. Bobade, S. G. Anantwar, S. Patil, V. T. Sahu, K. M. Gaikwad, H. Bhondwe, S. S. Dohtre, S. Gharami, S. G. Khapekar, A. Koyal, Sujatha, B. M. N. Reddy, P. Sreekumar, D. P. Dutta, L. Gogoi, V. N. Parhad, A. S. Halder, R. Basu, R. Singh, B. L. Jat, D. L. Oad, N. R. Ola, K. Wadhai, M. Lokhande, V. T. Dongare, A. Hukare, N. Bansod, A. Kolhe, J. Khuspure, H. Kuchankar, D. Balbuddhe, S. Sheikh, B. P. Sunitha, B. Mohanty, D. Hazarika, S. Majumdar, R. S. Garhwal, A. Sahu, S. Mahapatra, S. Puspamitra, A. Kumar, N. Gautam, B. A. Telpande, A. M. Nimje, C. Likhar and S. Thakre Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, New Delhi 110 012, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440 033, India International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Bangalore 560 024, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Kolkata 700 091, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Udaipur 313 001, India Regional Centre, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Jorhat 785 004, India Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440 010, India National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275 101, India Directorate of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751 023, India

Crop simulation models have emerged as powerful tools for estimating yield gaps, forecasting prod... more Crop simulation models have emerged as powerful tools for estimating yield gaps, forecasting production of agricultural crops and analysing the impact of climate change. In this study, the genetic coefficients for Bt hybrids established from field experiments were used in the InfoCrop-cotton model, which was calibrated and validated earlier to simulate the cotton production under different agro-climatic conditions. The model simulated results for Bt hybrids were satisfactory with an R 2 value of 0.55 (n = 22), d value of 0.85 and a root mean square error of 277 kg ha-1 , which was 11.2% of the mean observed. Relative yield index (RYI) defined as the ratio between simulated rainfed (water-limited) yield to potential yield, was identified as a robust land quality index for rainfed cotton. RYI was derived for 16 representative benchmark (BM) locations of the black soil region from long-term simulation results of InfoCrop-cotton model (based on 11-40 years of weather data). The model could satisfactorily capture subtle differences in soil variables and weather patterns prevalent in the BM locations spread over 16 agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) resulting in a wide range of mean simulated rainfed cotton yields (482-4393 kg ha-1). The BM soils were ranked for their suitability for cotton cultivation based on RYI. The RYI of black soils (vertisols) ranged from 0.07 in Nimone to 0.80 in Panjari representing AESR (6.1) and AESR (10.2) respectively, suggesting that Panjri soils are better suited for rainfed cotton.

Current Science, 2014

Understanding the physical quality of soil that influences its hydraulic behaviour helps in formu... more Understanding the physical quality of soil that influences its hydraulic behaviour helps in formulating appropriate water management strategies for sustainable crop production. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K s ) is a key factor governing the hydraulic properties of soils. K s can be estimated through various techniques. In the present article we have developed and validated the regression models to predict K s of the soils of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil regions (BSR) under different bioclimatic systems. While particle size distribution was found to be a key factor to predict K s of the BSR soils, organic carbon was found useful for the IGP soils. Moreover, the models for K s of both soils were strengthened by putting in CaCO 3 and exchangeable sodium percentage content. It seems there is ample scope to study the interaction process for revising K s to desired levels through management practices in these two important food-growing zones. An index of soil ...

Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight ... more Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight the issues that need to be tackled in near future for sustained agricultural productivity. There are intraregional variations in soil properties, cropping systems; status of land usage, groundwater utilization and irrigation development which vary across the sub-regions besides demographies. Framework for land use policy is suggested that includes acquisition of farm-level data, detailing capability of each unit to support a chosen land use, assess infrastructural support required to meet the projected challenges and finally develop skilled manpower to effectively monitor the dynamics of land use changes.

Comprehensive reports on land-use changes and their impact on soil biological properties, specifi... more Comprehensive reports on land-use changes and their impact on soil biological properties, specifically microbial population in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, are lacking. Since IGP is the most fertile land, data on microbial population of IGP may contribute towards the evaluation of various soil quality parameters, disease suppression, organic matter decomposition, plant growth promotion and soil management pattern. To enhance our knowledge on culturable microbial populations in different soil horizons of the agro-ecological sub-regions (AESRs) in the IGP, a study has been undertaken to collect soil samples from the established benchmark (BM) spots of these plains with an objective to investigate the impacts of bioclimates, soil depth, cropping systems, land use systems and management practices on the distribution of culturable microbial population. Bacterial : fungal ratios are significantly different across the land use types. The bacterial and fungal populations are strongly and negatively correlated with soil depth and maximum microbial population (40%) exists in the surface horizon (0-30 cm) than in the subsurface horizon (121-150 cm). Generally, bacterial populations are higher than actinomycetes and fungal populations in all soil profiles of the IGP. Approximately 10% decrease in Shannon diversity index has been observed with increase of 30 cm depth and 89% fall between surface and subsurface profiles. Non-significant difference in microbial population (P < 0.05) is noticed across the management and land use systems. Sub-humid (moist) bioclimatic system recorded higher microbial population than sub-humid (dry) and semi-arid bioclimatic systems. Legume-based cropping system has higher microbial population than cereal or vegetable-based cropping.

6.12 log 10 cfu g-1) followed by cereal-based system (6.09 log 10 cfu g-1). The mean microbial po... more 6.12 log 10 cfu g-1) followed by cereal-based system (6.09 log 10 cfu g-1). The mean microbial population in different cropping systems in decreasing order is legume > cereal > sugarcane > cotton. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) microbial population has been recorded in high management (6.20 log 10 cfu g-1) and irrigated agrosystems (6.33 log 10 cfu g-1) compared to low management (6.12 log 10 cfu g-1) and rainfed agrosystems (6.17 log 10 cfu g-1). The pooled analysis of data inclusive of bioclimates, cropping systems, land use, management practices, and edaphic factors indicates that microbial population is positively influenced by clay, fine clay, water content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and base saturation, whereas bulk density, pH, calcium carbonate and exchangeable magnesium percentage have a negative effect on the microbial population.

Sustaining soil and land quality under intensive land use and fast economic development is a majo... more Sustaining soil and land quality under intensive land use and fast economic development is a major chal-lenge for improving crop productivity in the develop-ing world. Assessment of soil and land quality indicators is necessary to evaluate the degradation status and changing trends of different land use and management interventions. During the last four dec-ades, the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) which covers an area of about 52.01 m ha has been the major food pro-ducing region of the country. However at present, the yield of crops in IGP has stagnated; one of the major reasons being deterioration of soil and land quality. The present article deals with the estimation of soil and land quality indicators of IGP, so that, proper soil and land management measures can be taken up to restore and improve the soil health. Use of principal component analysis is detailed to derive the minimum dataset or indicators for soil quality. The article also describes spatial distribution of soil and lan...

Understanding the physical quality of soil that influ-ences its hydraulic behaviour helps in form... more Understanding the physical quality of soil that influ-ences its hydraulic behaviour helps in formulating appropriate water management strategies for sustain-able crop production. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s) is a key factor governing the hydraulic properties of soils. K s can be estimated through various techniques. In the present article we have developed and validated the regression models to predict K s of the soils of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil regions (BSR) under different bioclimatic systems. While particle size distribution was found to be a key factor to predict K s of the BSR soils, organic carbon was found useful for the IGP soils. Moreover, the models for K s of both soils were strengthened by putting in CaCO 3 and exchangeable sodium percentage content. It seems there is ample scope to study the interaction process for revising K s to desired levels through management practices in these two important food-growing zones. An index of soil p...

Current science

The sustenance of food and nutritional security are the major challenges of the 21st century. The... more The sustenance of food and nutritional security are the major challenges of the 21st century. The domestic food production needs to increase per annum at the rate of 2% for cereals and 0.6% for oilseeds and pulses to meet the demand by 2030. The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil regions (BSR) are the two ma-jor food production zones of the country. Since irriga-tion potential is limited and expansion of irrigated area is tardy, rainfed agriculture holds promise to satisfy future food needs. Frontline demonstrations of these two regions have shown that there is a large gap at the farmers' and achievable levels of yields. This gap can be filled by adopting scientific approach of managing the natural resources. There is tremendous pressure of bi-otic and abiotic stresses hindering the crop production and that warrants for a systematic appraisal of natural resources. The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) under the Indian Council of Agricultu...

Current science

Five benchmark soils, namely Fatehpur (Punjab) and Haldi (Uttarakhand) non-sodic soils, Zarifa Vi... more Five benchmark soils, namely Fatehpur (Punjab) and Haldi (Uttarakhand) non-sodic soils, Zarifa Viran (Haryana), Sakit and Itwa sodic soils (Uttar Pradesh) representing Trans, Upper, Middle and Central Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) were revisited for studying the morphological, physical and chemical properties of soils at low and high management levels to monitor changes in soil properties due to the impact of land-use as well as management levels. The results indicate an increase in bulk density (BD) below the plough layer, and build up of organic carbon (OC) and decline in pH in surface layers of Zarifa Viran, Sakit and Itwa sodic soils under high management. The concentration of carbonates and bicarbonates in sodic soils decreased due to adaptation of rice–wheat system. The build-up of OC and decrease of pH in surface soils under rice– wheat system enhanced the soil health. Increase in BD in subsurface soils, however, is a cause of concern for sustaining rice–wheat cropping system. S...

Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluat... more Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluation procedures focus increasingly on the use of quantitative procedures to enhance the qualitative interpretation of land resource surveys. Conventional Boolean retrieval of soil survey data and logical models for assessing land suit-ability, treat both spatial units and attribute value ranges as exactly specifiable quantities. They ignore the continuous nature of soil and landscape variation and uncertainties in measurement, which may result in the failure to correctly classify sites that just fail to match strictly defined requirements. The objective of this arti-cle is to apply fuzzy model to land suitability evaluation for major crops in the 15 benchmark sites of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and 17 benchmark sites of the black soil regions (BSR). Minimum datasets of land characteristics considered relevant to rice and wheat in the IGP and cotton and soybean in the BSR were iden-tif...

Current science

The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members... more The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members of the National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP, Component 4) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. These researches have helped develop a soil information system (SIS). In view of the changing scenario all over the world, the need of the hour is to get assistance from a host of re-searchers specialized in soils, crops, geology, geogra-phy and information technology to make proper use of the datasets. Equipped with the essential knowledge of data storage and retrieval for management recom-mendations, these experts should be able to address the issues of land degradation, biodiversity, food

The present study documents the biological properties of the black soil region (BSR) of India in ... more The present study documents the biological properties of the black soil region (BSR) of India in terms of cul-turable microbial population. Besides surface micro-bial population, subsurface population of individual soil horizons is described to improve the soil informa-tion system. An effort has been made to study the depth-wise distribution and factors (bioclimates, cropping systems, land use, management practices and soil properties) influencing the microbial popula-tion in the soils of the selected benchmark spots repre-senting different agro-ecological sub-regions of BSR. The microbial population declined with depth and maximum activity was recorded within 0–30 cm soil depth. The average microbial population (log 10 cfu g –1) in different bioclimates is in decreasing order of SHm > SHd > SAd > arid. Within cropping systems, legume-based system recorded higher microbial population (6.12 log 10 cfu g –1) followed by cereal-based system (6.09 log 10 cfu g –1). The mean mic...

Current Science, 2014

Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluat... more Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluation procedures focus increasingly on the use of quantitative procedures to enhance the qualitative interpretation of land resource surveys. Conventional Boolean retrieval of soil survey data and logical models for assessing land suitability, treat both spatial units and attribute value ranges as exactly specifiable quantities. They ignore the continuous nature of soil and landscape variation and uncertainties in measurement, which may result in the failure to correctly classify sites that just fail to match strictly defined requirements. The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy model to land suitability evaluation for major crops in the 15 benchmark sites of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and 17 benchmark sites of the black soil regions (BSR). Minimum datasets of land characteristics considered relevant to rice and wheat in the IGP and cotton and soybean in the BSR were identifie...

In recent years, georeferenced soil information system has gained significance in agricultural la... more In recent years, georeferenced soil information system has gained significance in agricultural land-use planning and monitoring the changes in soil properties/ soil quality induced by land-use changes. The spatio-temporal information on saturated hydraulic conductivity (sHC) and soil water retention–release behaviour is essential for proper crop and land-use planning. The sHC greatly influences the drainage process and soil water retention–release behaviour, ultimately affecting the crop growth and yield. How-ever, sHC and water retention are not measured in a routine soil survey and are generally estimated from easily measurable soil parameters through pedotrans-fer functions (PTFs). In the present study, PTFs for sHC and water retention were developed separately for the soils of two food-growing zones of India (the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and the black soil region (BSR)). For the IGP soils, sHC is affected by the increased subsoil bulk density due to intensive cultiva-tion. In ...

Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight ... more Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight the is-sues that need to be tackled in near future for sus-tained agricultural productivity. There are intra-regional variations in soil properties, cropping sys-tems; status of land usage, groundwater utilization and irrigation development which vary across the sub-regions besides demographies. Framework for land use policy is suggested that includes acquisition of farm-level data, detailing capability of each unit to support a chosen land use, assess infrastructural sup-port required to meet the projected challenges and finally develop skilled manpower to effectively moni-tor the dynamics of land use changes.

The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members... more The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members of the National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP, Component 4) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. These researches have helped develop a soil information system (SIS). In view of the changing scenario all over the world, the need of the hour is to get assistance from a host of researchers specialized in soils, crops, geology, geography and information technology to make proper use of the datasets. Equipped with the essential knowledge of data storage and retrieval for management recommendations, these experts should be able to address the issues of land degradation, biodiversity, food security, climate change and ultimately arrive at an appropriate agricultural land-use planning. Moreover, as the natural resource information is an essential prerequisite for monitoring and predicting global environmental change with special reference to climate and lan...

Current Science, Nov 10, 2014

Current Science, 2014

Current science

Current Science, 2014

Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluat... more Land evaluation is carried out to assess the suitability of land for a specific use. Land evaluation procedures focus increasingly on the use of quantitative procedures to enhance the qualitative interpretation of land resource surveys. Conventional Boolean retrieval of soil survey data and logical models for assessing land suitability, treat both spatial units and attribute value ranges as exactly specifiable quantities. They ignore the continuous nature of soil and landscape variation and uncertainties in measurement, which may result in the failure to correctly classify sites that just fail to match strictly defined requirements. The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy model to land suitability evaluation for major crops in the 15 benchmark sites of the Indo- Gangetic Plains (IGP) and 17 benchmark sites of the black soil regions (BSR). Minimum datasets of land characteristics considered relevant to rice and wheat in the IGP and cotton and soybean in the BSR were identifie...

Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight ... more Current status of land/soil resources of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is analysed to highlight the is-sues that need to be tackled in near future for sus-tained agricultural productivity. There are intra-regional variations in soil properties, cropping sys-tems; status of land usage, groundwater utilization and irrigation development which vary across the sub-regions besides demographies. Framework for land use policy is suggested that includes acquisition of farm-level data, detailing capability of each unit to support a chosen land use, assess infrastructural sup-port required to meet the projected challenges and finally develop skilled manpower to effectively moni-tor the dynamics of land use changes.

The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members... more The articles presented in this special section emanated from the researches of consortium members of the National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP, Component 4) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. These researches have helped develop a soil information system (SIS). In view of the changing scenario all over the world, the need of the hour is to get assistance from a host of researchers specialized in soils, crops, geology, geography and information technology to make proper use of the datasets. Equipped with the essential knowledge of data storage and retrieval for management recommendations, these experts should be able to address the issues of land degradation, biodiversity, food security, climate change and ultimately arrive at an appropriate agricultural land-use planning. Moreover, as the natural resource information is an essential prerequisite for monitoring and predicting global environmental change with special reference to climate and lan...