M. M. Shams - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M. M. Shams

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers

This study evaluates the use of chitosan–silver nanocomposites (CSN) as an insecticide against th... more This study evaluates the use of chitosan–silver nanocomposites (CSN) as an insecticide against the bed bug ( Cimex lectularius). Adult bed bugs were collected from infested residential areas and identified using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CSN were prepared and photographed for characterization using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The insecticidal effect of different concentrations of CSN (400–1000 ppm) was compared to that of 0.1% cypermethrin as a positive control and normal saline as a negative control. The bugs ( n = 25) were immersed for 20 min in the corresponding medium, dried with filter papers, and then incubated at 27–28°C and 70% RH with a 12:12 h light–dark photoperiod. The mortality rates were recorded at different time intervals (2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h post-incubation (hPI)), and the entire experiment was repeated five times. Image analysis showed round- to spherical-shaped CSN ranging in size from ...

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2004

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2009

THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Zoology)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2001

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Aug 1, 2013

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are gene... more Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are generally considered beneficial nematodes. These beneficial nematodes can serve in integrated pest management (IPM) in agro-ecosystems. The effect of chemical insecticides (11 different pesticides) on Steinernema sp. (EBN-1e), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (EBN-10k) was determined under laboratory conditions. Generally, EBN-1e Steinernema strain was more tolerant to different tested insecticides than Heterorhabditis strain. The survival of IJs was more than 90% after treatement with Captan, Methomyl, Mancozeb, Benomyl, Trimiltox forte and Diafenthiuron, for EBN-1e nematode strain, while Chlorfluazuron decreased its survival to less than 5%. In contrast, the survival of Heterorahbditis strain was less than the Steinernema strain. There were significant differences in reproduction rates between EBN-1e and EBN-10k exposed to different chemical insecticides. The EBN-1e strain had higher reproduction rate than EBN-10k in all treatments. In general, there was significant difference in reproductive rates between the species concentrations (500 IJs and 1000 IJs) exposed to different chemicals or between exposure times (48 h. and 96 h.).

ABSTRACT The nematode isolates tested were collected from different localities of Egypt. Some exp... more ABSTRACT The nematode isolates tested were collected from different localities of Egypt. Some experiments evaluated the infectivity and susceptibility of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H.indica as biocontrol candidates against some economics agricultural insect pests, such as Spodoptera littoralis, Agrotis ipsilon, Sesamia cretica, Phthorimaea operculella and Spodoptera exigua,. The two tested nematode species grew faster in S.littoralis and Ph.operculella larvae than in the other host larvae. The survival of H.bacteriophora and H.indica in distilled water was affected by the two combined factors, exposure time and temperatures. All individuals of H.bacteriophora and H. indica were viable after exposure for 48 hours to temperatures ranged from 5-30C . At lower (0C and -5C) and higher temperatures (35 and 40C), the survival decreased but this reduction was more prominent at higher temperatures. Effect of temperature and duration of the exposure time on the infectivity of the nematode H.indica (EASD77 isolate) and H. bacteriophora (EASD98 isolate) were proved highly virulent against the Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis. The highest mortality percentages were recorded at the highest two temperature tested 30 and 35C. In contrast, there was no mortality recorded at the cooler degree of temperature test (10C). The changes in total haemocyte counts (THCs) and differential haemocyte counts (DHCs) of S. littoralis larvae against H. indica nematode (EASD77 isolate) are important criteria determining cellular immune reactions. Key words : nematodes, biological control, temperature, cellular immune . * Biological control Department, plant protection Institute. ** Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University. *** Department of Zoology and Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University.

Journal of Mosquito Research, 2008

Entomopathogenic nematodes can be considered effective biocontrol agents of pest insects in aquat... more Entomopathogenic nematodes can be considered effective biocontrol agents of pest insects in aquatic habitat. Larvae of Culex quinquefsciatus Say were exposed to infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora , H. indica , Steinernema carpocapsae , and S. feltiae under laboratory conditions. The bioassay studies revealed the suppressive role of H. bacteriophora and H. indica nematode in controlling the mosquito, C. quinquefasciatus . They successfully established themselves in the host cadaver and produced infective juveniles. On the other hand, both S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae failed to establish in the host larvae or attain significant host mortality values. This is the first report of parasitism of entomopathogenic nematodes isolates from Egypt against larvae of C. quinquefasciatus , with promising results. Therefore, further studies must be carried out to determine if these nematodes would be effective as autochthonous agents for the control of Culex sp. and other mosquitoes of sanitary interest.

Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 2013

This study was carried out under simulated field conditions to evaluate the efficacy of some bioa... more This study was carried out under simulated field conditions to evaluate the efficacy of some bioagents and soil amendments, as a single or combined treatments, in controlling root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber. Each of the fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium and the symbiotic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, as single or joint treatments significantly reduced gall formation and other criteria on cucumber roots. Maximum reduction in gall formation, female numbers, egg-mass production, developmental stages and final population of juveniles in soil, was acquired by these treatments, V. chlamydosporium + P. luminescens, P. luminescens + compost (C) and V. chlamydosporium + P. luminescens + animal compost (AC), compared with the control and other treatments. Applications of all treatments significantly promoted plant growth i.e. length of shoot and root, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, number of leaves, flowers, fruits and weight of fruits per each plant compared to control (infested plants with nematode only and healthy plants).

Nematodes as biocontrol agents, 2005

Three case studies describing the control of aquatic and terrestrial insects are presented in thi... more Three case studies describing the control of aquatic and terrestrial insects are presented in this chapter to illustrate the scope encompassed by 3 mermithid species in biocontrol: Romanomermis; Heleidomermis; Mermis.

Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz, 1997

The entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteHophora Pionar (HP 88) and the bacterium Bacil... more The entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteHophora Pionar (HP 88) and the bacterium Bacillus tburingiensis Berliner vat. kurstaki were tested in the laboratory against the black cutworm, a widely distributed polyphagous insect pest of vegetables and field crops. The experiment was conducted under 15.7 ~ (14 to 19 ~ to simulate the average winter temperature in Egypt. The two biocontrol agents influenced Agrotis ipsilon differently where H. baeteriophora had a more promising control levels than that of B. thuringiensis. Generally, nematode concentration of ca 500 infective juveniles/insect vial was highly effective (100% mortality) within nine days post nematode infection. The highgst concentration of the bacterium B. tburingiensis vat. kurstaki (2,000 Intern. Units/mg) gave significant larval control after 12 days of bacterial infection. Combined effect of both the nematodes and the bacteria did not result in significantly greater control than that achieved by the nematodes used alone. The present results indicated that nematodes could be used successfully against the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon larvae during the winter which is the active season of this insect pest in Egypt.

Anzeiger füur Schädlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz, 1996

The efficacies of four strains of entomopathogenic nematodes on infecting and killing Spodoptera ... more The efficacies of four strains of entomopathogenic nematodes on infecting and killing Spodoptera littoralis were tested in the laboratory concerning soil temperature, nematode dose and emergence from the insect cadavers. All the tested nematodes attained almost 100% insect mortality at 4, 10 and 25 ~ but at 35 ~ Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88) achieved the least 64%). As soil temperature rise to 35 ~ the most aderseiy affected nematode in terms of recycling efficiency was H. baeteriopbora (EASD98) followed by Steinernema riobravis, tl. bacteriophora (HP88) and finally H. indicus (EAS59). Although all nematodes could infect and kill the host insects at 35 ~ those of H. bacteriopbora (EASD98) could not emerge from the cadavers. Differences in the numbers of emerging infective juveniles as related to nematode concentration and different degrees of soil temperatures were obvious and may be considered in developing a biocontrol strategy for the management of the cotton leaf-worm.

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1989

In the presence of second larval instars of three mosquito species the preparasites of Romanomerm... more In the presence of second larval instars of three mosquito species the preparasites of Romanomermis culicivorax swam near the water surface in an orthokinetic manner. When the preparasites were ca. 1 mm from the host, they stopped and swam klinotactically toward the host. During this phase, the preparasites secreted a small amount of a putative adhesive material from the anterior region and host contact was completed. The adhesive appeared to aid in attachment of the preparasites to the host and initiation of the search-boring phase. The preparasites glided over the host until a suitable penetration site was found. The penetration phase was initiated by probing with the odontostyle. This was followed by partial paralysis, decreased intestinal peristaltic movement, and temporary cardiac arrest in all host mosquitoes which was probably related to injection of esophageal secretions. SEM observations showed that the abdominal walls were the most frequent site for penetration. As the preparasites entered through the penetration hole, microorganisms adhering to the cuticle of the preparasites were retained by the adhesive which accumulated around the penetration site. Thus, microbial contamination of the host was avoided by a mechanical cleansing mechanism. Penetration was usually completed in less than 10 min. o 1989 Academic press, I~C.

Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz, 1995

ABSTRACT At two experiments, infective stage juveniles of three heterorhabditid nematode isolates... more ABSTRACT At two experiments, infective stage juveniles of three heterorhabditid nematode isolates andSteinernema riobravis were placed in sterilized sandy soil in sealed containers buried in corn field during summer. Containers were removed daily for 10 consequent days and surviving juveniles were recovered from the soil by Baermann funnel method, then the remainder of soil was subjected toSpodoptera littoralis-baiting technique. Apparently, the low level of soil moisture (3%) and ceiling temperature levels (up to 42C) as well as faint electric conductivity (0.48 mmhos/cm) of the soil containing the nematodes resulted in a rapid decline in the number of nematodes recoverable from the soil over time by Baermann method. The percentage of recovery for the nematode isolates EAM8, EIS7 and EAS59 by the Baermann funnel was 35.6%, 43.9% and 20.5% for the total nematodes recovered in the first trial, respectively. The nematode numbers increased when the recovery time extended from 24 to 48 h at 23C. Insignificant differences were found between nematode numbers recovered daily in both trials. The average number of the recoveredS. riobravis was more (P0.05) than that of any other nematode isolate. Nematodes which were not recoverable by Baermann technique were infective when bioassayed over the period of the two experiments. The infective juveniles which survivied the stressed conditions are recommended to be subcultured through selection regime in order to obtain an improved nematode strain.