M Moon - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M Moon

Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, 2014

2007 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, 2007

High quality factor inductors and highly matched low capacitance density horizontal parallel plat... more High quality factor inductors and highly matched low capacitance density horizontal parallel plate metal-insulator-metal capacitors were fabricated in 130nm RF-CMOS technology with minimal or zero processing step addition. The high quality factor inductors were made using a novel triple damascene integration technique. Peak quality factor of 26 was demonstrated for a 0.3nH inductor. The low capacitance density MIM capacitors were

Family Practice News, 2006

Family Practice News, 2005

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association

Sacral fractures have not been described well in dogs. The records of 32 dogs diagnosed with sacr... more Sacral fractures have not been described well in dogs. The records of 32 dogs diagnosed with sacral fractures were evaluated for neurologic deficits at presentation and discharge. Follow-up was in the form of telephone survey or physical examination at recheck. A score was assigned for each dog at presentation, discharge, and follow-up (0 for normal, 1 for minor deficits, and 2 for major deficits). Fractures located lateral to the sacral foramina were called abaxial, and those medial to the sacral foramina were called axial. Axial fractures had significantly more severe deficits at presentation (p = 0.00017) and discharge (p = 0.03063), but not at follow-up. Neurologic status did not improve significantly during hospitalization in either fracture group, but had improved significantly at follow-up.

Equine Veterinary Education, 2010

Advanced Energy Materials, 2015

potential. Over the past two decades, signifi cant research endeavors have been successful in inc... more potential. Over the past two decades, signifi cant research endeavors have been successful in increasing the power conversion effi ciencies (PCE) of this type of device to over 10%. [ 1 ] Most studies in this fi eld have focused on developing new molecular structures and engineering new device architectures in order to optimize light absorption and extract this absorbed energy as effi ciently as possible. Among the most successful synthetic approaches to designing new molecular structures has been the push-pull chromophore approach, in which electron donating (D) and electron accepting (A) aromatic moieties are coupled via a π-bridge (D-A structure), leading to semiconducting materials with intense charge transfer absorption bands and tunable energy band structures. [ 2 ] Conjugated polymeric materials have dominated the fi eld of BHJ solar cells, however, small molecule BHJ materials have received increasing attention due to their well-defi ned molecular structures, ease of functionalization, amenability to standard organic purifi cation, and characterization methods and reduced batch-to-batch variability compared to polymer materials. [ 3 ] Although extensive research efforts have led to a clear understanding of how to design molecular chromophores with suitable absorption characteristics and energy band structures, [ 4 ] it remains a considerable challenge to design small molecules that simultaneously possess electronically functional crystal structures, which are able to spontaneously self-assemble Two small molecule donor materials (DTGe(FBTTh 2) 2 and DTGe(FBTBFu) 2) incorporating the dithienogermole (DTGe) moiety with fl uorobenzothiadiazole (FBT) and bithiophene (Th 2) or benzofuran (BFu) end-capping groups are synthesized and their properties as donor materials in small molecule bulk heterojunction type (BHJ) solar cells are investigated. The DTGe(FBTTh 2) 2 with Th 2 end groups shows outstanding solar cell characteristics with effi ciencies up to 6.4% using a standard BHJ architecture and 7.3% using a ZnO optical spacer, while the BFu end-capped DTGe(FBTBFu) 2 has slightly wider band gaps and yields slightly higher open circuit voltage (V OC) at the expense of short circuit current (J SC) and fi ll factor (FF). In this study, the DTGe-based molecules are systematically compared to the dithienosilole (DTSi)-based analogues, which are currently among the highest power conversion effi ciency (PCE) small molecule solar cell donor materials known. The J SC produced by the DTGe molecule is found to be similar to, or slightly higher than the Si analogue, despite similar absorption characteristics, however, the PCE is similar to the Si analogues due to small decreases in V OC and FF. This report marks the fi rst small molecule BHJ based on a Ge-containing heterocycle with PCE over 7%.

1999 Proceedings. 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36299)

Abstract This paper describes a warpage study on LOC-TSOP memory devices. The main objectives of ... more Abstract This paper describes a warpage study on LOC-TSOP memory devices. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the impact of the mold compound on the package warpage with different sized dies. It was found that the balance of the bending between at ...

Prostaglandins, 1983

We studied the effects of acute hypoxia (Fi02 = 0.09-0.11, 20 min.) on transpulmonary plasma pros... more We studied the effects of acute hypoxia (Fi02 = 0.09-0.11, 20 min.) on transpulmonary plasma prostaglandin (PG) concentrations in ten anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated dogs. Concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha were measured from the pulmonary artery and abdominal aorta using radioimmunoassay. In an additional six dogs, the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) infusions (100 mcg/kg/min) during normoxia and acute hypoxia were determined. Compared to normoxic conditions, acute hypoxia increased pulmonary artery pressure (p less than 0.05), decreased both the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and the alveolar-to-arterial oxygen tension gradient (A-aDO2) (p less than 0.05), but did not affect transpulmonary plasma PG concentrations. AA infusions significantly (p less than 0.05) increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha independent of FiO2. Acute hypoxia failed to elicit a pulmonary pressor response in the AA-treated animals although PaO2 and A-aDO2 decreased (p less than 0.05). These data in healthy dogs suggest that (1) acute hypoxia does not alter net pulmonary PG metabolism, (2) prostacyclin synthesis is stimulated by increased plasma AA concentrations and (3) this effect may block normal pressor responses to hypoxic stimuli.

Family Practice News, 2006

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 2003

The Financial Review, 2001

Social Justice Research, 1987

Medicare, the federal government's health insurance program for the aged and disabled, has been s... more Medicare, the federal government's health insurance program for the aged and disabled, has been subjected to a number o f legislative and regulatory changes since 1981 aimed at reducing the costs o f the program. About a third o f the cutbacks have been in activities that directly increase patient cost sharing. Other changes, while aimed at improving efficiency, may also shift costs onto program beneficiaries. This paper estimates the differential impacts o f such program changes by age and income o f elderly Medicare enrollees and discusses the likely resulting impact on their access to care. Surprisingly, such equity concerns have been largely overlooked in the policy debate concerning cost containment under Medicare.

Nutrition Today, 2010

First cultivated thousands of years ago in the area between India and China, rice first arrived i... more First cultivated thousands of years ago in the area between India and China, rice first arrived in North America in the late 1680s. Lore has it that the captain of a storm-battered ship thanked the Charles Towne, South Carolina, colonists for ship repairs with ‘‘golden seed rice.’’ By 1700, rice was a major crop for the colonists. Rice production gradually moved westward, taking root in today’s midsouth and gulf coast rice-producing areas, and in California’s Sacramento Valley. Today, more than 20 billion pounds of rice are produced each year by approximately 15 000 farmers in 6 US states: Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Although producing only 2% of the world’s annual rice supply, the United States is the world’s fourth largest rice exporter. The US rice industry is recognized as an innovative, technologically advanced, conservation-friendly, and dependable supplier of high-quality rice, both in the United States and around the world. Popular worldwide, rice is also popular at home. Consumption has doubled in the last 20 years, according to the USA Rice Federation. Americans consume about 25 lb of rice per year, more than 80% of which is grown domestically. Two of 3 people say they eat rice once a week, and 90% say they eat rice at home and away from home. By contrast, rice consumption in some Asian countries is 130 to 180 lb per capita and 80 to 130 lb in some Latin American countries, mostly milled or partially milled white rice, according to the USA Rice Federation. Although the United States has not traditionally been a rice-centered culture, the increasing diversity of the US population has resulted in the popularity of rice-based Asian and Latin dishes in mainstream American cuisine. The majority of rice consumed here is enriched long-grain white rice. The recent drive to consume whole grains has increased brown rice sales from 45 to 55 million pounds since 2006 (Nielsen ScanTrak Data 2006Y2008; based in part on data reported by Nielsen through its ScanTrak Service for the Rice Category for the 52-week period ending October 3, 2009, for the US market; Nielsen. 2009).

Neurotoxicity Research, 2009

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and is... more Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and is produced and released mainly from the stomach. It was recently demonstrated that ghrelin can function as a neuroprotective factor by inhibiting apoptotic pathways. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents; previous studies suggest that activated microglia actively participate in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) neurodegeneration. However, the role of microglia in the neuroprotective properties of ghrelin is still unknown. Here we show that, in the mouse MPTP PD model generated by an acute regimen of MPTP administration, systemic administration of ghrelin significantly attenuates the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons and the striatal dopaminergic fibers through the activation of GHS-R1a. We also found that ghrelin reduced nitrotyrosine levels and improved the impairment of rota-rod performance. Ghrelin prevents MPTP-induced microglial activation in the SNpc and striatum, the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. The inhibitory effect of ghrelin on the activation of microglia appears to be indirect by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression in stressed dopaminergic neurons because GHS-R1a is not expressed in SNpc microglial cells. Finally, in vitro administration of ghrelin prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced dopaminergic cell loss, MMP-3 expression, microglial activation, and the subsequent release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and nitrite in mesencephalic cultures. Our data indicate that ghrelin may act as a survival factor for dopaminergic neurons by functioning as a microglia-deactivating factor and suggest that ghrelin may be a valuable therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 1981

This article explores alternative approaches to calculating the value of Medicare and Medicaid an... more This article explores alternative approaches to calculating the value of Medicare and Medicaid and the impact of these programs on the incidence of poverty among the aged. Three methodological frameworks are contrasted, both in theory and in practice. Medical benefits are measured, respectively, as the cost to the government of providing the program, as the amount of cash that would leave the recipient equally well-off, and as the amount of funds freed for spending on other goods. The size of benefits is particularly sensitive to the measurement technique employed. Consequently, when medical benefits are added to income to estimate their antipoverty impact between 1968 and 1974, the choice of measurement approach remains important. The estimated amount of poverty reduction attributable to Medicare and Medicaid ranges between 26 and 61 percent.

Journal of Endocrinology, 2009

Exendin-4 is a naturally occurring more potent and stable analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-... more Exendin-4 is a naturally occurring more potent and stable analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that selectively binds at the GLP-1 receptor. It has been recently demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor stimulation preserves dopaminergic neurons in cellular and rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents; previous studies suggest that activated microglia actively participate in the pathogenesis of PD neurodegeneration. However, the role of microglia in the neuroprotective properties of exendin-4 is still unknown. Here, we show that, in the mouse MPTP PD model, systemic administration of exendin-4 significantly attenuates the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons and the striatal dopaminergic fibers. Exendin-4 prevents MPTP-induced microglial activation in the SNpc and striatum, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. In addition, exendin-4 also sup...

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2011

SUMMARYA rotating channel with staggered pin‐fins is formulated numerically and optimized for per... more SUMMARYA rotating channel with staggered pin‐fins is formulated numerically and optimized for performance (heat transfer/required pumping power) using a Kriging meta‐model and hybrid multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm. Two design variables related to cooling channel height, pin diameter, and spacing between the pins are selected for optimization, and two‐objective functions related to the heat transfer and friction loss are employed. A design of experiment is performed, and 20 designs are generated by Latin hypercube sampling. The objective function values are evaluated using a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes solver, and a Kriging model is constructed to obtain a Pareto‐optimal front through a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm. Rotation in a cooling channel with staggered pin‐fins induces Coriolis force that causes a heat transfer discrepancy between the trailing (pressure) and leading (suction) surfaces, with a higher Nusselt number on the trailing surface. The tradeoff be...

Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, 2014

2007 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, 2007

High quality factor inductors and highly matched low capacitance density horizontal parallel plat... more High quality factor inductors and highly matched low capacitance density horizontal parallel plate metal-insulator-metal capacitors were fabricated in 130nm RF-CMOS technology with minimal or zero processing step addition. The high quality factor inductors were made using a novel triple damascene integration technique. Peak quality factor of 26 was demonstrated for a 0.3nH inductor. The low capacitance density MIM capacitors were

Family Practice News, 2006

Family Practice News, 2005

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association

Sacral fractures have not been described well in dogs. The records of 32 dogs diagnosed with sacr... more Sacral fractures have not been described well in dogs. The records of 32 dogs diagnosed with sacral fractures were evaluated for neurologic deficits at presentation and discharge. Follow-up was in the form of telephone survey or physical examination at recheck. A score was assigned for each dog at presentation, discharge, and follow-up (0 for normal, 1 for minor deficits, and 2 for major deficits). Fractures located lateral to the sacral foramina were called abaxial, and those medial to the sacral foramina were called axial. Axial fractures had significantly more severe deficits at presentation (p = 0.00017) and discharge (p = 0.03063), but not at follow-up. Neurologic status did not improve significantly during hospitalization in either fracture group, but had improved significantly at follow-up.

Equine Veterinary Education, 2010

Advanced Energy Materials, 2015

potential. Over the past two decades, signifi cant research endeavors have been successful in inc... more potential. Over the past two decades, signifi cant research endeavors have been successful in increasing the power conversion effi ciencies (PCE) of this type of device to over 10%. [ 1 ] Most studies in this fi eld have focused on developing new molecular structures and engineering new device architectures in order to optimize light absorption and extract this absorbed energy as effi ciently as possible. Among the most successful synthetic approaches to designing new molecular structures has been the push-pull chromophore approach, in which electron donating (D) and electron accepting (A) aromatic moieties are coupled via a π-bridge (D-A structure), leading to semiconducting materials with intense charge transfer absorption bands and tunable energy band structures. [ 2 ] Conjugated polymeric materials have dominated the fi eld of BHJ solar cells, however, small molecule BHJ materials have received increasing attention due to their well-defi ned molecular structures, ease of functionalization, amenability to standard organic purifi cation, and characterization methods and reduced batch-to-batch variability compared to polymer materials. [ 3 ] Although extensive research efforts have led to a clear understanding of how to design molecular chromophores with suitable absorption characteristics and energy band structures, [ 4 ] it remains a considerable challenge to design small molecules that simultaneously possess electronically functional crystal structures, which are able to spontaneously self-assemble Two small molecule donor materials (DTGe(FBTTh 2) 2 and DTGe(FBTBFu) 2) incorporating the dithienogermole (DTGe) moiety with fl uorobenzothiadiazole (FBT) and bithiophene (Th 2) or benzofuran (BFu) end-capping groups are synthesized and their properties as donor materials in small molecule bulk heterojunction type (BHJ) solar cells are investigated. The DTGe(FBTTh 2) 2 with Th 2 end groups shows outstanding solar cell characteristics with effi ciencies up to 6.4% using a standard BHJ architecture and 7.3% using a ZnO optical spacer, while the BFu end-capped DTGe(FBTBFu) 2 has slightly wider band gaps and yields slightly higher open circuit voltage (V OC) at the expense of short circuit current (J SC) and fi ll factor (FF). In this study, the DTGe-based molecules are systematically compared to the dithienosilole (DTSi)-based analogues, which are currently among the highest power conversion effi ciency (PCE) small molecule solar cell donor materials known. The J SC produced by the DTGe molecule is found to be similar to, or slightly higher than the Si analogue, despite similar absorption characteristics, however, the PCE is similar to the Si analogues due to small decreases in V OC and FF. This report marks the fi rst small molecule BHJ based on a Ge-containing heterocycle with PCE over 7%.

1999 Proceedings. 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36299)

Abstract This paper describes a warpage study on LOC-TSOP memory devices. The main objectives of ... more Abstract This paper describes a warpage study on LOC-TSOP memory devices. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the impact of the mold compound on the package warpage with different sized dies. It was found that the balance of the bending between at ...

Prostaglandins, 1983

We studied the effects of acute hypoxia (Fi02 = 0.09-0.11, 20 min.) on transpulmonary plasma pros... more We studied the effects of acute hypoxia (Fi02 = 0.09-0.11, 20 min.) on transpulmonary plasma prostaglandin (PG) concentrations in ten anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated dogs. Concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha were measured from the pulmonary artery and abdominal aorta using radioimmunoassay. In an additional six dogs, the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) infusions (100 mcg/kg/min) during normoxia and acute hypoxia were determined. Compared to normoxic conditions, acute hypoxia increased pulmonary artery pressure (p less than 0.05), decreased both the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and the alveolar-to-arterial oxygen tension gradient (A-aDO2) (p less than 0.05), but did not affect transpulmonary plasma PG concentrations. AA infusions significantly (p less than 0.05) increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha independent of FiO2. Acute hypoxia failed to elicit a pulmonary pressor response in the AA-treated animals although PaO2 and A-aDO2 decreased (p less than 0.05). These data in healthy dogs suggest that (1) acute hypoxia does not alter net pulmonary PG metabolism, (2) prostacyclin synthesis is stimulated by increased plasma AA concentrations and (3) this effect may block normal pressor responses to hypoxic stimuli.

Family Practice News, 2006

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 2003

The Financial Review, 2001

Social Justice Research, 1987

Medicare, the federal government's health insurance program for the aged and disabled, has been s... more Medicare, the federal government's health insurance program for the aged and disabled, has been subjected to a number o f legislative and regulatory changes since 1981 aimed at reducing the costs o f the program. About a third o f the cutbacks have been in activities that directly increase patient cost sharing. Other changes, while aimed at improving efficiency, may also shift costs onto program beneficiaries. This paper estimates the differential impacts o f such program changes by age and income o f elderly Medicare enrollees and discusses the likely resulting impact on their access to care. Surprisingly, such equity concerns have been largely overlooked in the policy debate concerning cost containment under Medicare.

Nutrition Today, 2010

First cultivated thousands of years ago in the area between India and China, rice first arrived i... more First cultivated thousands of years ago in the area between India and China, rice first arrived in North America in the late 1680s. Lore has it that the captain of a storm-battered ship thanked the Charles Towne, South Carolina, colonists for ship repairs with ‘‘golden seed rice.’’ By 1700, rice was a major crop for the colonists. Rice production gradually moved westward, taking root in today’s midsouth and gulf coast rice-producing areas, and in California’s Sacramento Valley. Today, more than 20 billion pounds of rice are produced each year by approximately 15 000 farmers in 6 US states: Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Although producing only 2% of the world’s annual rice supply, the United States is the world’s fourth largest rice exporter. The US rice industry is recognized as an innovative, technologically advanced, conservation-friendly, and dependable supplier of high-quality rice, both in the United States and around the world. Popular worldwide, rice is also popular at home. Consumption has doubled in the last 20 years, according to the USA Rice Federation. Americans consume about 25 lb of rice per year, more than 80% of which is grown domestically. Two of 3 people say they eat rice once a week, and 90% say they eat rice at home and away from home. By contrast, rice consumption in some Asian countries is 130 to 180 lb per capita and 80 to 130 lb in some Latin American countries, mostly milled or partially milled white rice, according to the USA Rice Federation. Although the United States has not traditionally been a rice-centered culture, the increasing diversity of the US population has resulted in the popularity of rice-based Asian and Latin dishes in mainstream American cuisine. The majority of rice consumed here is enriched long-grain white rice. The recent drive to consume whole grains has increased brown rice sales from 45 to 55 million pounds since 2006 (Nielsen ScanTrak Data 2006Y2008; based in part on data reported by Nielsen through its ScanTrak Service for the Rice Category for the 52-week period ending October 3, 2009, for the US market; Nielsen. 2009).

Neurotoxicity Research, 2009

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and is... more Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and is produced and released mainly from the stomach. It was recently demonstrated that ghrelin can function as a neuroprotective factor by inhibiting apoptotic pathways. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents; previous studies suggest that activated microglia actively participate in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) neurodegeneration. However, the role of microglia in the neuroprotective properties of ghrelin is still unknown. Here we show that, in the mouse MPTP PD model generated by an acute regimen of MPTP administration, systemic administration of ghrelin significantly attenuates the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons and the striatal dopaminergic fibers through the activation of GHS-R1a. We also found that ghrelin reduced nitrotyrosine levels and improved the impairment of rota-rod performance. Ghrelin prevents MPTP-induced microglial activation in the SNpc and striatum, the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. The inhibitory effect of ghrelin on the activation of microglia appears to be indirect by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression in stressed dopaminergic neurons because GHS-R1a is not expressed in SNpc microglial cells. Finally, in vitro administration of ghrelin prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced dopaminergic cell loss, MMP-3 expression, microglial activation, and the subsequent release of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and nitrite in mesencephalic cultures. Our data indicate that ghrelin may act as a survival factor for dopaminergic neurons by functioning as a microglia-deactivating factor and suggest that ghrelin may be a valuable therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 1981

This article explores alternative approaches to calculating the value of Medicare and Medicaid an... more This article explores alternative approaches to calculating the value of Medicare and Medicaid and the impact of these programs on the incidence of poverty among the aged. Three methodological frameworks are contrasted, both in theory and in practice. Medical benefits are measured, respectively, as the cost to the government of providing the program, as the amount of cash that would leave the recipient equally well-off, and as the amount of funds freed for spending on other goods. The size of benefits is particularly sensitive to the measurement technique employed. Consequently, when medical benefits are added to income to estimate their antipoverty impact between 1968 and 1974, the choice of measurement approach remains important. The estimated amount of poverty reduction attributable to Medicare and Medicaid ranges between 26 and 61 percent.

Journal of Endocrinology, 2009

Exendin-4 is a naturally occurring more potent and stable analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-... more Exendin-4 is a naturally occurring more potent and stable analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that selectively binds at the GLP-1 receptor. It has been recently demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor stimulation preserves dopaminergic neurons in cellular and rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rodents; previous studies suggest that activated microglia actively participate in the pathogenesis of PD neurodegeneration. However, the role of microglia in the neuroprotective properties of exendin-4 is still unknown. Here, we show that, in the mouse MPTP PD model, systemic administration of exendin-4 significantly attenuates the loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons and the striatal dopaminergic fibers. Exendin-4 prevents MPTP-induced microglial activation in the SNpc and striatum, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. In addition, exendin-4 also sup...

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2011

SUMMARYA rotating channel with staggered pin‐fins is formulated numerically and optimized for per... more SUMMARYA rotating channel with staggered pin‐fins is formulated numerically and optimized for performance (heat transfer/required pumping power) using a Kriging meta‐model and hybrid multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm. Two design variables related to cooling channel height, pin diameter, and spacing between the pins are selected for optimization, and two‐objective functions related to the heat transfer and friction loss are employed. A design of experiment is performed, and 20 designs are generated by Latin hypercube sampling. The objective function values are evaluated using a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes solver, and a Kriging model is constructed to obtain a Pareto‐optimal front through a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm. Rotation in a cooling channel with staggered pin‐fins induces Coriolis force that causes a heat transfer discrepancy between the trailing (pressure) and leading (suction) surfaces, with a higher Nusselt number on the trailing surface. The tradeoff be...