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Cosmology and Gravitation by M. Novello

Grav and Cosm, 2021

We review the hypothesis of the existence of gravitational magnetic monopoles (H-pole for short) ... more We review the hypothesis of the existence of gravitational magnetic monopoles (H-pole for short) defined in analogy with the Dirac's hypothesis of magnetic monopoles in electrodynamics. These hypothetical dual particles violate the equivalence principle and are accelerated by a gravitational field. We propose an expression for the gravitational force exerted upon an H-pole. According to GR ordinary matter (which we call E-poles) follows geodesics in a background metric. The dual H-poles follows geodesics in an effective metric.

The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a nat... more The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a natural property, and that, consequently, it did not require further explanation. Or, to put it another,

The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a nat... more The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a natural property, and that, consequently, it did not require further explanation. Or, to put it another,

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 2021

We follow an old suggestion of Stueckelberg that there exists an intimate connection between weak... more We follow an old suggestion of Stueckelberg that there exists an intimate connection between weak interaction and gravity. This is symbolized by the relationship between Fermi constant g w and Newton's constant g_N. We analyze the hypothesis that the effect of matter upon the metric that represents gravitational interaction in General Relativity is an effective one. This leads us to consider gravitation to be the result of the interaction of two neutral spinorial fields (G-neutrinos) Ψ_g and Ω_g with all kinds of matter and energy through the generation of such effective metric. In other words, the universal metric that represents gravitational interaction in the framework of General Relativity is constructed with the weak currents associated to Ψ_g and Ω_g. We solve the equation of motion of the spinor and the corresponding effective metric for two examples: a cosmological framework for an isotropic dynamical universe; and a static and spherically symmetric configuration. In this last case we obtain an unexpected result: the associated effective geometry in this spinor theory of gravity is precisely the Schwarzschild metric.

Papers by M. Novello

International Journal of Modern Physics D, 1995

We use a three-index tensor Aμνα to describe spin-2 fields. This quantity acts as the potential o... more We use a three-index tensor Aμνα to describe spin-2 fields. This quantity acts as the potential of the standard variable hμν. We apply the new variables to examine the coherence of a nonlocal nonlinear theory of gravity.

Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, 1971

Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento Series 2, 1984

SummaryDissipative processes can provoke the appearance of bifurcation in autonomous nonlinear di... more SummaryDissipative processes can provoke the appearance of bifurcation in autonomous nonlinear differential equations, generating an indeterminacy in the physical system. We show that in such a case this indeterminacy exists in the early cosmos.

Fortschritte der Physik/Progress of Physics, 1992

We use a field theoretical approach to describe the exact General Relativity via a rank-two symme... more We use a field theoretical approach to describe the exact General Relativity via a rank-two symmetric tensor field ϕμv. We examine the hypothesis that the long range gravitational field has a local counterpart mediated by massive spin-2 bosons which preserves the SU(2) × U(1) gauge symmetry of Electroweak interaction.

The Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, 2002

Gravitation and Cosmology, 2008

ABSTRACT We show that the conformal structure of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker geometry is asymp... more ABSTRACT We show that the conformal structure of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker geometry is asymptotically stable with respect to time under arbitrary scalar perturbations. The analysis was undertaken for the Euclidean section, using the gauge-independent quasi-Maxwellian equations of motion for the perturbations. A well-known divergence theorem of non-autonomous planar dynamical systems is used to corroborate our conclusions. In other words, from a global point of view, once the geometry arrives at a FRW stage, it is not likely to leave it, even if during a certain limited interval of time it may present inhomogeneous properties.

Fortschritte der Physik/Progress of Physics, 1992

We give a complete self-contained presentation of the description of spin-two fields using Fierz ... more We give a complete self-contained presentation of the description of spin-two fields using Fierz variables Aαβμ instead of the conventional standard approach which deals with second order symmetric tensor ϕμν. After a short review of the classical properties of the Fierz field we present the quantization procedure. The theory presents a striking similitude with electrodynamics which induced us to follow analogy with the Fermi-Gupta-Breuler scheme of quantization.

Physics Letters A, 1994

We show that Dolgov's result on electromagnetic field amplification by the cosmical gravitational... more We show that Dolgov's result on electromagnetic field amplification by the cosmical gravitational field in an inflationary phase can be equivalently obtained by direct coupling of the electromagnetic field to inflaton. The two processes can be competitive in some particular cases.

International Journal of Modern Physics D, 2000

With the ulterior motivation in mind to investigate the contribution of quantum processes on the ... more With the ulterior motivation in mind to investigate the contribution of quantum processes on the dynamics of the expansion of the universe, we investigate dissipative cosmological solutions which preserve the isotropy and the homogeneity. For performing such an investigation, we derive a method which enables us to describe a 2D dynamical system by a Hamiltonian formulation. As formal example, an admissible form for the bulk (viscous) pressure is derived.

Physics Letters A, 1982

I show that ordinary photons and neutrinos, obeying ordinary laws of physics, can generate repuls... more I show that ordinary photons and neutrinos, obeying ordinary laws of physics, can generate repulsive gravitational forces, under special circumstances. I propose to interpret the primordial big-bang, extremely hot stage of the universe, as an example in the action of my mechanism of creating a cosmic repulsion.

Gravitation and Cosmology, 2009

ABSTRACT We investigate propagation of gravitational waves in two models belonging to the Friedma... more ABSTRACT We investigate propagation of gravitational waves in two models belonging to the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) class of cosmologies: the singular Einstein-Maxwell Universe (EMU), which has an electromagnetic field described by Maxwell’s electrodynamics as the source of its geometry, and the bouncing Nonlinear Electrodynamics Universe (NLEU), which has the electromagnetic field described by a nonlinear generalization of Maxwell’s electrodynamics as the source of its geometry. We work with an explicitly gauge-independent formulation of cosmological perturbations in FLRW models and analyze the qualitative features of the dynamical system that describes the propagation of primordial tensorial perturbations in both geometries. Based on this analysis, we show that gravitational waves generated near a singularity or a bounce exhibit qualitatively different behavior. PACS numbers98.80.-k

Grav and Cosm, 2021

We review the hypothesis of the existence of gravitational magnetic monopoles (H-pole for short) ... more We review the hypothesis of the existence of gravitational magnetic monopoles (H-pole for short) defined in analogy with the Dirac's hypothesis of magnetic monopoles in electrodynamics. These hypothetical dual particles violate the equivalence principle and are accelerated by a gravitational field. We propose an expression for the gravitational force exerted upon an H-pole. According to GR ordinary matter (which we call E-poles) follows geodesics in a background metric. The dual H-poles follows geodesics in an effective metric.

The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a nat... more The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a natural property, and that, consequently, it did not require further explanation. Or, to put it another,

The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a nat... more The origin of the mass Until the mid-1960s, scientists believed that the mass of bodies was a natural property, and that, consequently, it did not require further explanation. Or, to put it another,

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 2021

We follow an old suggestion of Stueckelberg that there exists an intimate connection between weak... more We follow an old suggestion of Stueckelberg that there exists an intimate connection between weak interaction and gravity. This is symbolized by the relationship between Fermi constant g w and Newton's constant g_N. We analyze the hypothesis that the effect of matter upon the metric that represents gravitational interaction in General Relativity is an effective one. This leads us to consider gravitation to be the result of the interaction of two neutral spinorial fields (G-neutrinos) Ψ_g and Ω_g with all kinds of matter and energy through the generation of such effective metric. In other words, the universal metric that represents gravitational interaction in the framework of General Relativity is constructed with the weak currents associated to Ψ_g and Ω_g. We solve the equation of motion of the spinor and the corresponding effective metric for two examples: a cosmological framework for an isotropic dynamical universe; and a static and spherically symmetric configuration. In this last case we obtain an unexpected result: the associated effective geometry in this spinor theory of gravity is precisely the Schwarzschild metric.

International Journal of Modern Physics D, 1995

We use a three-index tensor Aμνα to describe spin-2 fields. This quantity acts as the potential o... more We use a three-index tensor Aμνα to describe spin-2 fields. This quantity acts as the potential of the standard variable hμν. We apply the new variables to examine the coherence of a nonlocal nonlinear theory of gravity.

Lettere al Nuovo Cimento, 1971

Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento Series 2, 1984

SummaryDissipative processes can provoke the appearance of bifurcation in autonomous nonlinear di... more SummaryDissipative processes can provoke the appearance of bifurcation in autonomous nonlinear differential equations, generating an indeterminacy in the physical system. We show that in such a case this indeterminacy exists in the early cosmos.

Fortschritte der Physik/Progress of Physics, 1992

We use a field theoretical approach to describe the exact General Relativity via a rank-two symme... more We use a field theoretical approach to describe the exact General Relativity via a rank-two symmetric tensor field ϕμv. We examine the hypothesis that the long range gravitational field has a local counterpart mediated by massive spin-2 bosons which preserves the SU(2) × U(1) gauge symmetry of Electroweak interaction.

The Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, 2002

Gravitation and Cosmology, 2008

ABSTRACT We show that the conformal structure of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker geometry is asymp... more ABSTRACT We show that the conformal structure of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker geometry is asymptotically stable with respect to time under arbitrary scalar perturbations. The analysis was undertaken for the Euclidean section, using the gauge-independent quasi-Maxwellian equations of motion for the perturbations. A well-known divergence theorem of non-autonomous planar dynamical systems is used to corroborate our conclusions. In other words, from a global point of view, once the geometry arrives at a FRW stage, it is not likely to leave it, even if during a certain limited interval of time it may present inhomogeneous properties.

Fortschritte der Physik/Progress of Physics, 1992

We give a complete self-contained presentation of the description of spin-two fields using Fierz ... more We give a complete self-contained presentation of the description of spin-two fields using Fierz variables Aαβμ instead of the conventional standard approach which deals with second order symmetric tensor ϕμν. After a short review of the classical properties of the Fierz field we present the quantization procedure. The theory presents a striking similitude with electrodynamics which induced us to follow analogy with the Fermi-Gupta-Breuler scheme of quantization.

Physics Letters A, 1994

We show that Dolgov's result on electromagnetic field amplification by the cosmical gravitational... more We show that Dolgov's result on electromagnetic field amplification by the cosmical gravitational field in an inflationary phase can be equivalently obtained by direct coupling of the electromagnetic field to inflaton. The two processes can be competitive in some particular cases.

International Journal of Modern Physics D, 2000

With the ulterior motivation in mind to investigate the contribution of quantum processes on the ... more With the ulterior motivation in mind to investigate the contribution of quantum processes on the dynamics of the expansion of the universe, we investigate dissipative cosmological solutions which preserve the isotropy and the homogeneity. For performing such an investigation, we derive a method which enables us to describe a 2D dynamical system by a Hamiltonian formulation. As formal example, an admissible form for the bulk (viscous) pressure is derived.

Physics Letters A, 1982

I show that ordinary photons and neutrinos, obeying ordinary laws of physics, can generate repuls... more I show that ordinary photons and neutrinos, obeying ordinary laws of physics, can generate repulsive gravitational forces, under special circumstances. I propose to interpret the primordial big-bang, extremely hot stage of the universe, as an example in the action of my mechanism of creating a cosmic repulsion.

Gravitation and Cosmology, 2009

ABSTRACT We investigate propagation of gravitational waves in two models belonging to the Friedma... more ABSTRACT We investigate propagation of gravitational waves in two models belonging to the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) class of cosmologies: the singular Einstein-Maxwell Universe (EMU), which has an electromagnetic field described by Maxwell’s electrodynamics as the source of its geometry, and the bouncing Nonlinear Electrodynamics Universe (NLEU), which has the electromagnetic field described by a nonlinear generalization of Maxwell’s electrodynamics as the source of its geometry. We work with an explicitly gauge-independent formulation of cosmological perturbations in FLRW models and analyze the qualitative features of the dynamical system that describes the propagation of primordial tensorial perturbations in both geometries. Based on this analysis, we show that gravitational waves generated near a singularity or a bounce exhibit qualitatively different behavior. PACS numbers98.80.-k

The theory of electro-weak interactions and Jordan's description of Einstein's Theory o... more The theory of electro-weak interactions and Jordan's description of Einstein's Theory of gravity are unified in a unique scheme. A short-range counterpart of gravity, involving massive tensor bosons of masses 365 GeV and 520.3 GeV, is obtained within the new scheme.

Gravitation & Cosmology - GRAVIT COSMOL, 2005

We propose a revision of the most important results from the slow-roll approximation using an exa... more We propose a revision of the most important results from the slow-roll approximation using an exact inflationary approach. The most important quantities which may be derived theoretically from slow-roll inflation and may then be compared with observational data, such as the curvature perturbation; the spectral index n(k ), a nd the derivative of the spectral index n with respect to ln k , are presented in an explicit form. We study these quantities in the case when a scalar field has a logarithmic evolution with time and for power-law inflation. tONAQ KOSMOLOGIESKAQ MODELX I SPECIFIKACIQ INFLQCIONNOGO SCENARIQ s.w. ˜ERWON, m. nOWELLO, r. tRIJE

Physics Letters A, 1997

We reply to the comment of Lim [ Phys. Lett. 225 (1997) 3591 on our stochastization procedure for... more We reply to the comment of Lim [ Phys. Lett. 225 (1997) 3591 on our stochastization procedure for the spin-2 field using the quasi-Maxwellian formulation [Phys. Lett. 211 (1996) I]. We agree with some criticism on mathematical problems but absolutely disagree with the motivations and the statement that the Riemannian treatment is clearer, and we explain this. We affirm again that the present approach is free of the gauge difficulties that appear when using the conventional geometric Einstein variables.