M. Smolen - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M. Smolen

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The... more The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at libscua@okstate.edu or by phone at 405-744-6311.Biosystems and Agricultural Engineerin

Figure 1. Legal systems for water rights are managed by the states. Most eastern states, where wa... more Figure 1. Legal systems for water rights are managed by the states. Most eastern states, where water is plentiful, have riparian systems, while western states, where water is more scarce, use prior appropriation systems. Whose Water Is It Anyway?

Model for Simulating Runoff and Erosion

The work upon which this report is based was supported in part

Non-point sources

Donnees bibliographiques concernant l'impact de ces sources, la qualite de l'eau de ruiss... more Donnees bibliographiques concernant l'impact de ces sources, la qualite de l'eau de ruissellement et la modelisation de la pollution par sources diffuses

The finite element storm hydrograph model user's guide

This research is the first phase of the Blackstone Environmental Quality Program, a study to dist... more This research is the first phase of the Blackstone Environmental Quality Program, a study to distinguish the water quality effects of agricultural practices. Th is research focused on changes in runoff qua I ity when land is put under cultivation. The data will be used in later phases of the program to evaluate chemical transport models. The three study watersheds, located in Virginia's southern Piedmont, had not been under cultivation for 30 years. During the research, two of the watersheds were put into agricultural production while the third was left uncultivated and used as a control. A grab sampling program was maintained on two watersheds for the full five-year period of study. Continuous streamflow gaging was maintained for the last four years. During the final three years, sampling and flow gaging were also maintained on a third watershed. For those three years, grab sampling was supplemented by automatic samplers for stormflow sample collection. Samples were analyzed .for nitrate, ammonium, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate and total phosphorus, bicarbonate alkalinity, pH, and specific conductance. Clear differences in streamflow characteristics were noted between the treated and the control watersheds. More surface runoff was observed in the treated watersheds than in the control, suggesting that increased surface runoff may have resulted from the cropping activity. All three watersheds exceeded the phosphorus criterion proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency, and a two-to-threefold increase in total phosphorus concentration was attributed to agricultural land use without employment of conservation practices. A twofold increase in total nitrogen concentration also was noted. Soluble inorganic nitrogen was present at a low concentration in the control watershed, but accounted for 20-30 percent of all nitrogen exported from the treated watersheds. The presence of nitrate nitrogen in the agricultural watersheds was the characteristic most attributable to agricultural activity. The research showed that serious enrichment problems could occur in Piedmont lakes or impoundments if the predominant land use of a watershed were agricultural cropping and if conservation practices were not employed.

State andthe Great Lakes 1985 Data Availability and Needs

Nutrient flow in agricultural and non-agricultural watersheds

An ecological risk assessment paradigm using the Spatially Integrated model for Phosphorus Loading and Erosion (SIMPLE)

Journal of aquatic ecosystem health, 1994

Ecological risk assessments provide a probabilitistic approach to analyzing and predicting ecosys... more Ecological risk assessments provide a probabilitistic approach to analyzing and predicting ecosystem responses to stress. We are evaluating the relationship between nonpoint source (NPS) phosphorus loading and the trophic status of the aquatic ecosystem. We are using SIMPLE (the Spatially Integrated Model for Phosphorus Loading and Erosion) to identify probable phosphorus sources in a watershed, simulate the phosphorus loading to

Transactions of the ASABE, 2010

Land application of poultry litter to pasture elevates the concentration of phosphorus in surface... more Land application of poultry litter to pasture elevates the concentration of phosphorus in surface runoff, and it is becoming an increasing problem in sensitive water bodies. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of soil test phosphorus (STP), surface application of poultry litter, rainfall/runoff sequences, and time after litter application on dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in surface runoff from pasture in a greenhouse experiment using rainfall simulation. Treatment factors were poultry litter at a rate of 0.0 and 6.7 Mg ha -1 , low and high STP, and three rainfall/runoff sequences (RRS). The latter refers to runoff-producing rainfall events starting from day 1, day 4, and day 7 after litter application. The study also included a rainfall simulation study of pasture field plots to investigate the effects of poultry litter and time after application on DRP in surface runoff, which was used to corroborate the greenhouse study. In both studies, runoff samples were taken at the end of 30 min of continuous runoff. Treatment effects on DRP concentrations in surface runoff were analyzed using ANOVA procedures using an alpha = 0.05. For the greenhouse study, poultry litter application, RRS, and time after litter application were found to have a highly significant effect on DRP concentration in surface runoff. Poultry litter had a significant effect on DRP concentrations in surface runoff until 18 days after litter application compared to the controls. Between 18 and 32 days after litter application, the effect on DRP became insignificant for any level of STP or rainfall sequence. A rainfall event without runoff reduced DRP concentration in the first surface runoff events by more than 50%. For the field plot study, DRP decreased rapidly with time, thereby corroborating the greenhouse study. The effect of poultry litter on DRP became statistically insignificant sometime between 35 and 161 days after application.

Erosion from Four Rural Unpaved Road Segments in the Stillwater Creek Watershed

Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and Emerging TMDL, 5-9 March 2005, Atlanta, Georgia

Sediment from eroding rural unpaved roads is suspected to be an important source of sediment that... more Sediment from eroding rural unpaved roads is suspected to be an important source of sediment that contributes to water quality degradation in rural watersheds. Unpaved rural roads in Oklahoma are a necessary part of the transportation system that supports agricultural producers and ...

Construction and Performance of Bioretention Cells

World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009, 2009

Bioretention cell are gaining popularity as a stormwater best management practice (BMP). This can... more Bioretention cell are gaining popularity as a stormwater best management practice (BMP). This can be largely attributed to the fact that they present a broad range of potential benefits such as decreased runoff, thermal attenuation, aesthetics and improved water quality through various physical, chemical and biological processes. Ten prototype cells were constructed in Oklahoma as part of an ongoing demonstration project. The cells ranged in size from 19 m 3 to 435 m 3 , and the filter media incorporated fly ash to enhance phosphorus and heavy metal retention. Eight of the cells were installed in Grove, Oklahoma by a contractor, while the other two were constructed in Stillwater by the authors. This paper discusses engineering considerations, general design procedures, cell specifications, construction costs and issues that arose during construction.

Setting priorities: the key to nonpoint source control. Final report

Guidance for states in setting up water-quality programs is given. Recommendations and procedures... more Guidance for states in setting up water-quality programs is given. Recommendations and procedures are presented to focus resources to limited areas to achieve visible water quality improvements in a reasonable timeframe. The document reviews priority setting for water resources, planning, and organization of watershed projects; includes watershed-level targeting.

Algal nutrients : sources and patterns of flow in the Occoquan watershed /

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic and State University. Vita. Includes bibliographical refere... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic and State University. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78). Photocopy of typescript original, 1975.

Model for Simulating Runoff and Erosion in Unga'ge.d, :W,atersheds

Best Management Practices to Reduce Pesticide and Nutrient Runoff from Turf

ACS Symposium Series, 1999

Page 1. Chapter 16 Best Management Practices to Reduce Pesticide and Nutrient Runoff fromTurf JH ... more Page 1. Chapter 16 Best Management Practices to Reduce Pesticide and Nutrient Runoff fromTurf JH Baird1, NT Basta2, RL Huhnke3, GV Johnson2, ME Payton4, DE Storm3, CA Wilson4, MD Smolen3, DL Martin5, and JT Cole5 ...

Transactions of the ASAE, 1983

A one-dimensional, infiltration model was used to simulate the infiltration process in sludge ame... more A one-dimensional, infiltration model was used to simulate the infiltration process in sludge amended mine soil. Simulation results indicated more rapid advance of the wetting front in sludge amended mine soil as compared with unamended mine soil. The simulation predicted that 1% addition of sludge results in 1.65-fold increase in cumulative infiltration, and 5% addition of sludge results in 2.85-fold increase in cumulative infiltration during a 3 h infiltration period. Further addition of sludge over 5%, however, did not cause any additional increase in infiltration.

Transactions of the ASAE, 1981

In the northern Great Plains, most runoff transport of N, and P to surface waters has historicall... more In the northern Great Plains, most runoff transport of N, and P to surface waters has historically occurred with snowmelt. In recent years, significant rainfall runoff events have become more frequent and intense in the region. Here, we examine the influence of landscape characteristics on hydrology and nutrient export in nine tributary watersheds of the Assiniboine River in Manitoba, Canada, during snowmelt runoff and with an early summer extreme rainfall runoff event (ERRE). All watersheds included in the study have land use that is primarily agricultural, but with differing proportions of land remaining as wetlands, grassland, and that has been artificially drained. Those watersheds with greater capacity for storage of water in surface depressions (noneffective contributing areas) exhibited lower rates of runoff and nutrient export with snowmelt. During the ERRE, higher export of total P (TP), but not total N, was observed from those watersheds with larger amounts of contributing area that had been added through artificial surface drainage, and this was associated primarily with higher TP concentrations. Increasing or restoring the storage of water on the landscape is likely to reduce nutrient export; however, the importance of antecedent conditions was evident during the ERRE, when small surface depressions were at or near capacity from snowmelt. Total P concentrations observed during the summer ERRE were as high as those observed with snowmelt, and N/P ratios were significantly lower. If the frequency of summer ERREs increases with climate change, this is likely to result in negative water quality outcomes.

Transactions of the ASAE, 1984

A distributed parameter hydrologic model was used to estimate the average annual sediment yield f... more A distributed parameter hydrologic model was used to estimate the average annual sediment yield from subareas of an agricultural watershed under spatially distinct land management strategies. The sediment yield output from the hydrologic simulation was used to estimate activity coefficients for a linear programming model to identify the management strategy with the least sediment yield at acceptable farm income levels. The analysis showed that substitution of conservation management practices could be highly cost-effective if they produce profit levels near those of conventional, more erosive practices.

Transactions of the ASAE, 1999

We used the Matlock Periphytometer to measure in situ nutrient limitations and trophic status at ... more We used the Matlock Periphytometer to measure in situ nutrient limitations and trophic status at five stream sites in the Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas during July 1997. Periphytic chlorophyll a production from the Matlock Periphytometer was also used as an indicator of baseline primary productivity and of maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). The measured MPP was interpreted to represent the rate of periphytic growth when nutrients are not limiting. We developed a lotic ecosystem trophic status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitations were evaluated using a modified LETSI as the ratio of either N or P enriched growth to MPP. The LETSI is by definition a functional index, and may provide a classification tool for lotic ecosystem trophic status. Using the LETSI indices, we observed differences in nutrient limitations in the streams and detected co-limitations of nitrogen and phosphorus at two of the stream sites.