M. Sonck - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M. Sonck

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 2002

The excitation functions of proton induced reactions on Ti, Ni and Cu were studied using activati... more The excitation functions of proton induced reactions on Ti, Ni and Cu were studied using activation method on stacks made of thin metallic foil targets with natural isotopic composition. Since titanium, nickel and copper are ideal target material with respect to their availability, physical, mechanical and chemical properties the use of the natTi(p,x)48V, natNi(p,x)57Ni, natCu(p,x)62Zn, natCu(p,x)63Zn and natCu(p,x)65Zn processes are

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2005

Cross sections for production of 88 Zr ad 88 Y were measured for proton and deuteron induced nucl... more Cross sections for production of 88 Zr ad 88 Y were measured for proton and deuteron induced nuclear reactions on Mo, Nb, Zr and Y targets up to 80 MeV proton and 50 MeV deuteron energy. Stacked foil activation technique and high resolution γ−spectrometry were used for irradiation and for detection of the radioactive residuals. The experimental data up to Ep=100 MeV and for Ed=50 MeV were compared with the earlier literature data and with the theoretical calculations based on the ALICE-IPPE code. Production yields of the different production routes are compared.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2003

The use of the 99Mo99mTc generator in nuclear medicine is well established world wide. The produc... more The use of the 99Mo99mTc generator in nuclear medicine is well established world wide. The production of the 99Mo (T1/2 = 66 h) parent as a fission product of 235U is largely based on the use of reactor technology. From the early 1990's accelerator based production methods to provide either direct produced 99mTc or the parent 99Mo, were studied and

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2009

Charged particle induced reactions can be used to monitor in real time the wear of mechanical str... more Charged particle induced reactions can be used to monitor in real time the wear of mechanical structures such as internal combustion engines and turbines. Charged particle induced reactions with suitable properties also can be used for monitoring the actual parameters of bombarding particle beams. One of these reactions is the nat Fe(d,x) 57 Co process. The available experimental data in the literature are well established around and above the maximum of the excitation function, however only a little, scattered data are available in the threshold energy region of the reaction. In this work we measured the excitation functions of relevant processes resulting in 55,56,57,58 Co, 59 Fe and 52,54 Mn induced by deuteron beams on natural iron in the energy range from threshold up to 10 MeV. The new experimental data collected are used to determine with high confidence recommended values for the missing low energy part of the investigated excitation functions.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1999

Excitation functions for the reactions induced by alpha particles on nat Ti foils and leading to ... more Excitation functions for the reactions induced by alpha particles on nat Ti foils and leading to the formation of 44mY44gY46Y47Y48 Sc; 48Y51 Cr and 48 V were determined using the stacked foil technique for energies from the respective reaction thresholds up to 42 MeV. The new experimental values are compared to earlier literature values and generally good accordance is found. It appears that the nat Ti(a,x) 51 Cr reaction is particularly useful for monitoring a-beams in the 10± 20 MeV region while for energies above 20 MeV the nat Ti(a,x) 47 Sc reaction or the nat Ti(a,x) 48 V reaction are more suited. The excitation functions established can be used to determine calibration curves for thin layer activation (TLA) as well. Ó . 0168-583X/99/$ ± see front matter Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 8 -5 8 3 X ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 2 1 -X

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2002

Excitation functions for the deuteron-induced reactions on 103Rh as alternative pathway for the p... more Excitation functions for the deuteron-induced reactions on 103Rh as alternative pathway for the production of the medically used 103Pd were studied by the stacked foil technique. Experiments made at incident energies of 15.3 and 20.5 MeV allowed reliable determination of the cross-sections for 103Pd and data near threshold for production of 101m,101gRh and 102m,102gRh. The experimental values constitute the first

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2003

To obtain reliable activation cross-section data on iron for different applications, excitation f... more To obtain reliable activation cross-section data on iron for different applications, excitation function of alpha induced nuclear reactions were re-measured and critically compared with earlier reported experimental data. The agreement for all investigated reactions ( nat Fe(a,x) 56 Mn, 55;56;57;58;61 Co, 56;57 Ni) is good. The status of the experimental database is satisfactory and allows preparation of recommended values for the most important reactions.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2002

The excitation function of the natMo(p,x)96mgTc monitor reaction has been measured up to 38 MeV t... more The excitation function of the natMo(p,x)96mgTc monitor reaction has been measured up to 38 MeV to verify published experimental cross-section data sets measured earlier by using this monitor reaction. The activation method and the stacked foil technique using high-resolution HpGe gamma spectrometry were applied to determine the excitation function. Reliable data sets were produced with the help of simultaneous measurement

Environmental Science & Technology, 2011

Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuc... more Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) started on March 12th, 2011. Among the various radionuclides released, iodine-131 ((131)I) and cesium isotopes ((137)Cs and (134)Cs) were transported across the Pacific toward the North American continent and reached Europe despite dispersion and washout along the route of the contaminated air masses. In Europe, the first signs of the releases were detected 7 days later while the first peak of activity level was observed between March 28th and March 30th. Time variations over a 20-day period and spatial variations across more than 150 sampling locations in Europe made it possible to characterize the contaminated air masses. After the Chernobyl accident, only a few measurements of the gaseous (131)I fraction were conducted compared to the number of measurements for the particulate fraction. Several studies had already pointed out the importance of the gaseous (131)I and the large underestimation of the total (131)I airborne activity level, and subsequent calculations of inhalation dose, if neglected. The measurements made across Europe following the releases from the Fukushima NPP reactors have provided a significant amount of new data on the ratio of the gaseous (131)I fraction to total (131)I, both on a spatial scale and its temporal variation. It can be pointed out that during the Fukushima event, the (134)Cs to (137)Cs ratio proved to be different from that observed after the Chernobyl accident. The data set provided in this paper is the most comprehensive survey of the main relevant airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima reactors, measured across Europe. A rough estimate of the total (131)I inventory that has passed over Europe during this period was <1% of the released amount. According to the measurements, airborne activity levels remain of no concern for public health in Europe.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1997

... CF Williamson, JP Boujot, J. Picard; Report CEA-R-3042 (1966). 12. CM Lederer, VSShirley (Eds... more ... CF Williamson, JP Boujot, J. Picard; Report CEA-R-3042 (1966). 12. CM Lederer, VSShirley (Eds.), Table of Isotopes (7th edn), John Wiley, New York (1978). 13. R. Weinreich, O. Schult, G. Stöcklin; Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 25 (1974), p. 535. ...

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1993

Excitation functions for the production of the 181,182m,182g,183,184g,186 Re and 183,184 Ta radio... more Excitation functions for the production of the 181,182m,182g,183,184g,186 Re and 183,184 Ta radionuclides from proton bombardment on natural tungsten were measured using the stacked-foil activation technique for the proton energies up to 40 MeV. A new data set has been given for the formation of the investigated radionuclides. Results are in good agreement with the earlier reported experimental data and theoretical calculations based on the ALICE-IPPE code. The thick target integral yields were also deduced from the measured excitation functions. The deduced yield values were compared with the directly measured thick target yield (TTY), and found acceptable agreement. The investigated radionuclide 186 Re has remarkable applications in the field of nuclear medicine, whereas the data of 183,184g Re and 183 Ta have potential applications in thin layer activation analysis and biomedical tracer studies, respectively.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2011

Mo and 99m Tc production a b s t r a c t Activation cross sections of deuteron induced nuclear re... more Mo and 99m Tc production a b s t r a c t Activation cross sections of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on enriched 100 Mo have been studied up to 50 MeV using the stacked foil irradiation technique and gamma spectroscopy. The excitation functions for production of 99m Tc, ind99 Mo, ind98m Nb, ind97mg Nb radioisotopes were measured for the first time and compared with the results of the ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and TALYS codes. Production possibilities of the medically important 99m Tc are discussed.

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 2002

The excitation functions of proton induced reactions on Ti, Ni and Cu were studied using activati... more The excitation functions of proton induced reactions on Ti, Ni and Cu were studied using activation method on stacks made of thin metallic foil targets with natural isotopic composition. Since titanium, nickel and copper are ideal target material with respect to their availability, physical, mechanical and chemical properties the use of the natTi(p,x)48V, natNi(p,x)57Ni, natCu(p,x)62Zn, natCu(p,x)63Zn and natCu(p,x)65Zn processes are

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2005

Cross sections for production of 88 Zr ad 88 Y were measured for proton and deuteron induced nucl... more Cross sections for production of 88 Zr ad 88 Y were measured for proton and deuteron induced nuclear reactions on Mo, Nb, Zr and Y targets up to 80 MeV proton and 50 MeV deuteron energy. Stacked foil activation technique and high resolution γ−spectrometry were used for irradiation and for detection of the radioactive residuals. The experimental data up to Ep=100 MeV and for Ed=50 MeV were compared with the earlier literature data and with the theoretical calculations based on the ALICE-IPPE code. Production yields of the different production routes are compared.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2003

The use of the 99Mo99mTc generator in nuclear medicine is well established world wide. The produc... more The use of the 99Mo99mTc generator in nuclear medicine is well established world wide. The production of the 99Mo (T1/2 = 66 h) parent as a fission product of 235U is largely based on the use of reactor technology. From the early 1990's accelerator based production methods to provide either direct produced 99mTc or the parent 99Mo, were studied and

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2009

Charged particle induced reactions can be used to monitor in real time the wear of mechanical str... more Charged particle induced reactions can be used to monitor in real time the wear of mechanical structures such as internal combustion engines and turbines. Charged particle induced reactions with suitable properties also can be used for monitoring the actual parameters of bombarding particle beams. One of these reactions is the nat Fe(d,x) 57 Co process. The available experimental data in the literature are well established around and above the maximum of the excitation function, however only a little, scattered data are available in the threshold energy region of the reaction. In this work we measured the excitation functions of relevant processes resulting in 55,56,57,58 Co, 59 Fe and 52,54 Mn induced by deuteron beams on natural iron in the energy range from threshold up to 10 MeV. The new experimental data collected are used to determine with high confidence recommended values for the missing low energy part of the investigated excitation functions.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1999

Excitation functions for the reactions induced by alpha particles on nat Ti foils and leading to ... more Excitation functions for the reactions induced by alpha particles on nat Ti foils and leading to the formation of 44mY44gY46Y47Y48 Sc; 48Y51 Cr and 48 V were determined using the stacked foil technique for energies from the respective reaction thresholds up to 42 MeV. The new experimental values are compared to earlier literature values and generally good accordance is found. It appears that the nat Ti(a,x) 51 Cr reaction is particularly useful for monitoring a-beams in the 10± 20 MeV region while for energies above 20 MeV the nat Ti(a,x) 47 Sc reaction or the nat Ti(a,x) 48 V reaction are more suited. The excitation functions established can be used to determine calibration curves for thin layer activation (TLA) as well. Ó . 0168-583X/99/$ ± see front matter Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 8 -5 8 3 X ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 2 1 -X

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2002

Excitation functions for the deuteron-induced reactions on 103Rh as alternative pathway for the p... more Excitation functions for the deuteron-induced reactions on 103Rh as alternative pathway for the production of the medically used 103Pd were studied by the stacked foil technique. Experiments made at incident energies of 15.3 and 20.5 MeV allowed reliable determination of the cross-sections for 103Pd and data near threshold for production of 101m,101gRh and 102m,102gRh. The experimental values constitute the first

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2003

To obtain reliable activation cross-section data on iron for different applications, excitation f... more To obtain reliable activation cross-section data on iron for different applications, excitation function of alpha induced nuclear reactions were re-measured and critically compared with earlier reported experimental data. The agreement for all investigated reactions ( nat Fe(a,x) 56 Mn, 55;56;57;58;61 Co, 56;57 Ni) is good. The status of the experimental database is satisfactory and allows preparation of recommended values for the most important reactions.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2002

The excitation function of the natMo(p,x)96mgTc monitor reaction has been measured up to 38 MeV t... more The excitation function of the natMo(p,x)96mgTc monitor reaction has been measured up to 38 MeV to verify published experimental cross-section data sets measured earlier by using this monitor reaction. The activation method and the stacked foil technique using high-resolution HpGe gamma spectrometry were applied to determine the excitation function. Reliable data sets were produced with the help of simultaneous measurement

Environmental Science & Technology, 2011

Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuc... more Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) started on March 12th, 2011. Among the various radionuclides released, iodine-131 ((131)I) and cesium isotopes ((137)Cs and (134)Cs) were transported across the Pacific toward the North American continent and reached Europe despite dispersion and washout along the route of the contaminated air masses. In Europe, the first signs of the releases were detected 7 days later while the first peak of activity level was observed between March 28th and March 30th. Time variations over a 20-day period and spatial variations across more than 150 sampling locations in Europe made it possible to characterize the contaminated air masses. After the Chernobyl accident, only a few measurements of the gaseous (131)I fraction were conducted compared to the number of measurements for the particulate fraction. Several studies had already pointed out the importance of the gaseous (131)I and the large underestimation of the total (131)I airborne activity level, and subsequent calculations of inhalation dose, if neglected. The measurements made across Europe following the releases from the Fukushima NPP reactors have provided a significant amount of new data on the ratio of the gaseous (131)I fraction to total (131)I, both on a spatial scale and its temporal variation. It can be pointed out that during the Fukushima event, the (134)Cs to (137)Cs ratio proved to be different from that observed after the Chernobyl accident. The data set provided in this paper is the most comprehensive survey of the main relevant airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima reactors, measured across Europe. A rough estimate of the total (131)I inventory that has passed over Europe during this period was <1% of the released amount. According to the measurements, airborne activity levels remain of no concern for public health in Europe.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1997

... CF Williamson, JP Boujot, J. Picard; Report CEA-R-3042 (1966). 12. CM Lederer, VSShirley (Eds... more ... CF Williamson, JP Boujot, J. Picard; Report CEA-R-3042 (1966). 12. CM Lederer, VSShirley (Eds.), Table of Isotopes (7th edn), John Wiley, New York (1978). 13. R. Weinreich, O. Schult, G. Stöcklin; Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 25 (1974), p. 535. ...

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1993

Excitation functions for the production of the 181,182m,182g,183,184g,186 Re and 183,184 Ta radio... more Excitation functions for the production of the 181,182m,182g,183,184g,186 Re and 183,184 Ta radionuclides from proton bombardment on natural tungsten were measured using the stacked-foil activation technique for the proton energies up to 40 MeV. A new data set has been given for the formation of the investigated radionuclides. Results are in good agreement with the earlier reported experimental data and theoretical calculations based on the ALICE-IPPE code. The thick target integral yields were also deduced from the measured excitation functions. The deduced yield values were compared with the directly measured thick target yield (TTY), and found acceptable agreement. The investigated radionuclide 186 Re has remarkable applications in the field of nuclear medicine, whereas the data of 183,184g Re and 183 Ta have potential applications in thin layer activation analysis and biomedical tracer studies, respectively.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2011

Mo and 99m Tc production a b s t r a c t Activation cross sections of deuteron induced nuclear re... more Mo and 99m Tc production a b s t r a c t Activation cross sections of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on enriched 100 Mo have been studied up to 50 MeV using the stacked foil irradiation technique and gamma spectroscopy. The excitation functions for production of 99m Tc, ind99 Mo, ind98m Nb, ind97mg Nb radioisotopes were measured for the first time and compared with the results of the ALICE-D, EMPIRE-D and TALYS codes. Production possibilities of the medically important 99m Tc are discussed.